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Em direção à construção de indicadores regionais de nanociência e nanotecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005) Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; Hayashi, Carlos Roberto Massao; Silva, Márcia Regina da; Lima, Maycke Young de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7263318849588556; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9136586124586219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5381461208053330; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8413023449905404
O desenvolvimento da ciência e os avanços do conhecimento científico e tecnológico propiciaram que as estruturas dos materiais fossem exploradas em uma escala mais reduzida que antes e abriram novas possibilidades na manipulaşão e domínio dos materiais em escala nanométrica. Neste nível a matéria apresenta propriedades particulares e diferentes e as fronteiras estabelecidas entre as disciplinas científicas e técnicas são atenuadas. Decorre daí a dimensão multidisciplinar fortemente associada à nanotecnologia, uma vez que existe uma estreita ligaşão entre os conhecimentos adquiridos pelas nanociências e suas aplicaşões imediatas. O artigo aborda a produção de indicadores regionais de nanociência e nanotecnologia com base na realizaşão de pesquisa exploratória que extraiu informaşões relacionadas às temáticas no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil/CNPq e no Portal Inovaşão/MCI. A pesquisa exigiu prospecção nas áreas da química, biologia, engenharia, física, matemática e nos campos da sociologia, tendo em vista as implicaşões dos estudos de nanociência e nanotecnologia na sociedade e seus impactos sociais, ambientais, econômicos, éticos, dentre outros. Os resultados obtidos permitiram estabelecer delineamentos preliminares para a construção de indicadores regionais de CI&I nesta área de conhecimento.
Impacto da exposição crônica ao fenol no metabolismo, fisiologia e resposta ao estresse de juvenis de Matrinxã (Brycon cephalus: Teleostei; Characidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-01-04) Hori, Tiago Silvestre Fernandes; Moraes, Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
The contamination of the aquatic environment has been responsible for considerable losses on natural stocks of several marine and freshwater fish. Among the many classes of chemicals dumped in aquatic system, the phenols present a great harmful potential due to its many modes of action. These include: genotoxicity, haematotoxicity, immunotoxicity, citotoxicity, oxidative stress and action as endocrine disruptors. Several authors have also demonstrated phenols capability of altering fish metabolism. Moreover because of its lipophilicity, phenol has a high bioaccumulation potential and can, therefore, present a high risk to fish consumers. Matrinxa (Brycon cephalus) presents a great aquaculture potential because of it growth rate (1 kg/year) and its good acceptance for commercial feed. This fish also represents 7% of the total of fish consumed in the Amazonas state. The main objective of this work was to identify the metabolic, endocrine e cellular responses of Matrinxa (Brycon cephalus) exposed to sub lethal concentrations of phenol. In order to accomplish this, three experiments were conducted. The first one consisted in a toxicity test designed to establish de LC-50/96h of phenol to Matrinxa. After that the fish were exposed for 96 hours to 10% of Matrinxas LC-50. The objective of this experiment was to look into the metabolic alterations induced by phenol. Finally, we exposed Matrinxa for 96 hours to 1% and 10% of the LC-50 and at the end of the exposure submitted the fish to a handling stress. The second exposure experiment was designed to verify the responses of stress indicators (cortisol, glucose and HSP70) to phenol intoxication and also the possible effects of exposure in the ability of fish to respond to a second stressor. Phenol induced many alterations on Matrinxas metabolism. We could observe a general reduction of carbohydrate metabolism flowed by an increase in proteolysis. Both of these effects are likely to be a response to a higher metabolic demand, which was confirmed by an increase in oxidative metabolism. This data is contrary to the one found in case of pesticide intoxication, indicating there was no cellular anoxia. When considering cortisol and glucose phenol exposure did not elicit the classical stress response observed for other stressors. These results suggest that cortisol and glucose might not be the best indicators for chemical stress. A lower dose (0,2 ppm) clearly affected the fish ability to respond to a second stressor. The constitutive levels of HSP70 were reduced in gills and liver. In the gills a more lasting effect was observed. The handling stress did not affected HSP70 expression while starvation seemed to induce a generalized reduction on the levels this particular protein. When looking into the cellular stress response the higher dose (2,0 ppm) appears to be more toxic. The exposition to phenol also inhibited the characteristic ionic changes in response to stress. Phenol intoxication affects animal metabolism and this is likely to have effects on growth and survival. Moreover, the ability of these fish to respond to a second stressor is reduced in both organismal and cellular levels.
Respostas do matrinxã ( Brycon cephalus) a anestésicos e estressores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-01-04) Inoue, Luís Antônio Kioshi Aoki; Moraes, Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1785821236925346
Commercial fish farming has been viable for industry in Brazil. National production is around 120 thousand tons/year. In this way, large amount of fishes are handled every day in our farms. However, drastic consequences are sometimes observed due to the high sensitivity of some tropical fish to handling procedures. Matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) is a native species that is very sensitive to handling, in which mortality is usually observed. So stress studies in tropical fish in aquaculture facilities are important as farmers need more information about these fish stress and alternatives for fish management. The present work evaluated some matrinxã stress responses, and the use of anesthetics as eugenol, benzocaine and 2-phenoxyethanol to reduce the stress during field procedures. Matrinxã is responsive to fish farm stressors as handling, transport and thermal shocks. Increases of plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate and ammonia indicated acute primary and secondary stress responses of matrinxã. Plasma ions (Na, Cl and K) and protein unbalance were observed. Liver glycogen indicated the high energetic cost to matrinxã cope with the studied stressors. Stress responses at the cellular level were not detected in matrinxã as hsp-70 expressions were not altered. Other proteins expressions may be related to matrinxã celular stress, which requires new studies in the future.
Metodologia gráfica para dados de eventos recorrentes via bootstrap.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-01-05) Anacleto Junior, Osvaldo; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0444250678279912
Experiments related to recurrent events provide information about the number of events, time to their ocurrence and their costs. Nelson (1995) presents a methodology to obtain confidence intervals for the cost and the number of cumulative events. Apart from this, it is possible to construct confidence intervals via computer-intensive methods, where the bootstrap is a particular case. In this dissertation we present these two procedures and make a comparison, checking the coverage probability and the sample size influence in the precision of the intervals provided by the two methods. One of the advantages of the methodology presented in this dissertation is the possibility for its application in several areas and its easy computational implementation. An example from engineering illustrates the methodology.
Comparando a interação social de crianças autistas: as contribuições do programa TEACCH e do Currículo Funcional Natural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-01-12) Giardinetto, Andréa Rizzo dos Santos Boettger; Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
The work with autistic children is surrounded by controversy. Thus several interpretations about its characterization and possible intervention models have been presented. In addition, methodologies and measures used in studies on intervention programs differ greatly, making the comparison among these programs difficult. However, positive results show that early intensive education involving both parents and teaching of essential skills is able to promote significant and positive changes in development areas of children with autism, such as the areas of communicative and social interaction skills. In Brazil, institutions have adopted different intervention programs for treatment and education of children with autism, especially TEACCH and Natural Functional Curriculum (at lesser proportions). Since these two programs have been widely used in Brazil, and considering that there are few studies comparing different approaches, among which there are some with methodological problems, the objectives of this research were to compare the social interaction of children with autism by analyzing their communicative behaviors and analyze the classroom ecology. Six children with autism, matched for age, sex, length and frequency of treatment, communication, and educational level of their mothers, participated in this research, which was carried out in two institutions from two different cities of the interior of São Paulo State. Three of these children were attended by TEACCH, while the others were attended by Natural Functional Curriculum. Their communicative behaviors were observed during the classroom activities by using the communicative profile protocol, and the classroom ecology was analyzed through a checklist of the variables which compose the intervention programs. Sixty-six films, each with a length of 30 minutes (1980 minutes in total), were recorded in a period of nine months. The results of the current study indicated that the children attended by the Natural Functional Curriculum program showed more communicative behaviors of social interaction and performed more activities under teacher s instructions than those attended by TEACCH. However, further research is necessary to better describe and compare intervention programs for children with autism in Brazil.
Uso do processo gama para dados de sobrevivência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-01-20) Uêda, Shirley Tieko; Achcar, Jorge Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3125027713681936
In this dissertation, we introduce classical and Bayesian approaches to get inferences on the parameters of interest, considering exponential and Weibull distributions for the lifetimes. For a Bayesian analysis, we assume a gamma process for the individual rates considering type II censoring data and the presence of covariates. We also consider ac- celerated life tests assuming an inverse power law model and an exponential distribution for the lifetimes. The proposed methodology in illustrated in three examples.
Sistema de apoio à decisão para programação da produção em fundições de mercado.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-01-27) Teixeira Junior, Rodolfo Florence; Pereira, Neocles Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924; Fernandes, Flavio Cesar Faria
The aim of production scheduling is to time the use of resources to carry out the production orders required to meet a previously defined production need. Due to the changes in the production settings, defined by the increase in competition and diversity of products, there has been increasing complexity in the development of production scheduling process, mainly when complex production settings are considered. Despite the developments in the area, a significant number of production settings still do not use the applicable solutions in the area. The initial aims of this work were to create alternatives to fill this gap. From these findings and based on an initial survey, carried out in the interior of São Paulo State, regarding the productive settings of foundries which work with customized products made to order, also known as steel casting foundries, effective alternatives for the production scheduling process for this specific production settings were sought. This work presents a viable proposal for the production scheduling process in steel casting foundries, considering its main particularities and restrictions, using a decision support system, which employs a single cycle system known as Period Batch Control (PBC). Among the results obtained, a methodology for the rationalization and systematization of the decision-making process in the production control was proposed. For the development of a decision support system in ordering process, the following viable decision-making models were proposed: a model of binary integer programming; a model based on classical approximation methods, specifically the method known as beam search ; and a meta-heuristic model based on genetic algorithms. The results obtained from the application of decision-making models in experimental production situations similar to the reality of production in steel casting foundries have confirmed the practical viability of these models, providing a comparison of the results between distinct modeling techniques. It has also contributed to the designing of guidelines for other applications of decision support systems in the operational area of complex production settings. Finally, the suitable of the proposed system was conformed by a later survey carried out in the main steel casting foundries in the interior of São Paulo State.
Reamostragem bootstrap em amostragem por conjuntos ordenados e intervalos de confiança não paramétricos para a média
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-01-27) Taconeli, Cesar Augusto; Barreto, Maria Cecília Mendes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2218053283392257
Ranked set sampling is an efficient and practice way to obtain more precise estimative when the sample size is small because of the high cost or difficulties to measure the interest variable. Using rough and cheap qualitative or quantitative information, the sample units are ranked before their effective measurement. In 1952, McIntyre introduced the ranked set sample design to estimate the average yields from plots of cropland, using the ranked set sample mean, X . Cesario and Barreto (2003) have shown a parametric version of bootstrap confidence intervals for normal distribution mean. Because of the restriction of small sample size, the distributional assumption may not be reasonable, producing no liable estimates. So the study and proposition of precise interval estimators of the population mean could be relevant and are the main interest of this work. Using resampling methods, we propose in this work an extension of bootstrap resampling for ranked set sampling. A simulation study is conduced to the properties of single random sample bootstrap confidence intervals and the similar using our version for ranked set sampling. The analysis of the simulation study have shown the gain of precision for using the ranked set sampling bootstrap confidence intervals in the population mean.
Construindo o início da docência: uma doutora em educação vai-se tornando professora dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-01-28) Rocha, Gisele Antunes; Lima, Emília Freitas de
This investigation, of qualitative nature, sought to know how a Doctor in Education becomes a teacher of the starting grades of elementary school and was organized around the following questions: How does the learning of a Doctor in Education who is beginning to teach the starting grades of elementary school characterize itself? Are there differences (or not) between the professional learning of this teacher and the other beginner teachers, without the same academic experience, investigated on other studies? The research was developed in two phases. On a first moment, I followed the building of a beginner teacher s practice by means of her narratives written during the first semester of the school year and, near the end of the year, I brought back questions shown in her registries on two interview sessions. On a second moment, when the teacher was already working in another teaching institution, I got to talk to her again on three interview sessions, to share my interpretation of the data, clarify some aspects and give voice to her ideas and analysis. This way, I met at the same time the methodological (this kind of study demands a comprehension of the meaning attributed to the data by the teacher) and ethical dimensions (the teacher had reached a more advanced level on her studies than mine, and on these studies she was the subject). The data were organized on the following analysis focuses: difficulty in managing time and the available conditions versus the specific learning difficulties of the students, difficulty to take control of the situation and learning sources of professional teaching. For the data analysis, I took as theoretical reference studies about the building of teaching beginning, teaching knowledge, the relationship between thought and action, and five other correlated researches. The results indicated that even the teacher being a Doctor in Education, her first teaching year was a period marked by great difficulties and doubts, such as indicated by the literature in the area. They revealed that teaching knowledge is temporal, plural, existential, social and pragmatic, as said Tardif and Raymond; confirmed the idea that the relationship between thought and action is not linear, given that the origin and the direction of the action must be searched in particular situational conditions in which practice is made, confirming the ideas of Zabalza; highlighted the importance of relationship with the students, pairs, theoretical studies and institutional politics as sources of learning for professional teaching. It was possible to detect points that revealed, by the data, some differentials brought by the fact of the teacher being a Doctor in Education. Apparently, this fact was more highlighted on the conceptions than on the ways of acting. The importance of support to the teachers on beginning careers by the school was very highlighted as it is also said by the literature in order to take the teachers formation process as a collective and continuous construction and, mainly, in order to keep the students of these teachers from suffering the consequences of their nonexpertise.
Diversidade de bactérias endofíticas de raízes de milho (Zea mays L.) e potencial para promoção de crescimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-01-31) Cerigioli, Márcia Maciel; Melo, Itamar Soares de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3194409322547085
Due to the ever-increasing amounts of nitrogenous and phosphates fertilizers which are used for crop production, the great energy need for the production of these, and to the environmental impact provoked by the lixiviate, it is becoming very important to try to extend biological nitrogen fixation to nonlegume, as well as the use of the solubilization of inorganic phosphate of reservations of the soil for the bacterias turning it available the plants in general. It is also important the understanding of the interaction bacteria-plant in the production of the auxin IAA and your use in the increase of the crop production, besides the knowledge of the diversity of endophytic bacterias for a possible use of the same in several ways, due to your adaptation to the internal conditions of the plants. This way, this work had as objectives to study the diversity of bacterias endofíticas in the culture of the corn (Zea mays) and to select endophytic with potential for the growth promotion and your activity in the plant. This work had as objectives study the diversity of endophytic bacterias in the culture of maize (Zea mays) and to select of their plant-growth promoting potential and activity in the plant. The diversity was evaluated in plants collected at four places of the State of São Paulo and the identification was performed by the fatty acids method extraction (FAME). A great number of bacterias was isolated where the difference can be observed in the diversity in relation to the places. The largest diversity of species was observed at the place of Lins. The group Proteobacteria prevailed in the endophytic bacterial communities being the γ- subdivision and in the Enterobacteriaceae Famíly the most frequent and with larger diversity. The most frequent genus were Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus. The populations endophytic maize present characteristics related to the plant growth promotion as, production of IAA, nitrogen fixation, and to solubilize phosphate. The different cultivation conditions and genotypes, as well as of developmental stage they might have influenced the observed physiologic diversity. Endophytic bacterias belonging to the species Klebsiella pneumoniae, Microbacterium saperdae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas mucidolens promoted the increase of root weight and of the aerial part of maize plants, presenting to application potential.
Um modelo consistente para o processo de fotocontagem contínua e medidas de emaranhamento de sistemas quânticos de variáveis contínuas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-10) Dodonov, Alexandre; Mizrahi, Salomon Sylvain; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143137168199991
This dissertation embraces two trends of research in modern quantum optics. The first of them is connected to the photodetection theory, particularly to the continuous measurement theory developed by Srinivas and Davies (SD) in 1980 s, whose principal ingredient is the correct choice of the quantum jump superoperator. We deduce from first principles diﬀerent possible quantum jump superoperators, and employ one of them the nonlinear quantum jump superoperator, proposed independently ad hoc by Ben-Aryeh and Brif and Oliveira et al. to study the modifications it brings to the SD theory. We call this model as E-model and generalize the both models (SD model and E-model) by including dissipation eﬀects due to the imperfections of the cavity and of the detector. Finally, we study some specific applications of continuous photodetection theory (homodyne detection and detection of correlated photons) and compare the results between the two models. The second trend of this dissertation is related to the study of entanglement of continuous variables quantum states. We give a simplified form of Simon s separability criterion for two-mode Gaussian states, showing that for systems whose unitary evolution is governed by arbitrary time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonians, the separability dynamics is completely described in terms of the determinant of the cross-covariance matrix. As concrete examples we consider the evolution of the inverse negativity coeﬃcient (which gives a quantitative estimation of the degree of entanglement ) for two initially uncoupled modes (each being in a squeezed thermal state) in the cases of parametric converter, parametric amplifier and for a cavity whose boundary oscillates in resonance with two field modes.
Estudo da avifauna em quatro fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-16) Neves, Rachel Maria de Lyra; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
This research aimed to investigate the avifauna of the Atlantic Rain Forest of Pernambuco State. It took place in four woodland fragments. Two fragments of semideciduos forest at the Ecological Station of Tapacurá (EET), São Lourenço da Mata county: Camocim forest 150ha and Toró forest 100ha. Other two in humid forest: Ecological Refuge Charles Darwin (RECD) with 60ha, in Igarassu county; Gurjaú State Natural Park (RESG), with circa 1077ha, which belongs to three counties of the rainy belt, southward from Recife, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Jaboatão dos Guararapes and Moreno. This work is divided into three chapters. The first one is the qualitativequantitative surveys of the avifauna of EET through point count, where the counting of the birds in previously established tracks with five sampling sites distributed in every 200m was made in a 25m radius, lasting 20min. The second is the bionomical and biometrical study of the avifauna pertaining to EET and RECD fragments, where a mist net was used to capture the birds, which were subsequently measured and analyzed for molt, feathers worn and breeding. The third and final chapter consists of the first evidenced records of Myiarchus tuberculifer for Pernambuco, which was registered during the qualitative-quantitative survey in EET and RESG. The register of this species was made through audio-recording of its vocalizations with Aiwa TP-560 and Sony TCM-5000 mini-audiotapes. The studies carried through in these woodland fragments are highly meaningful for the knowledge and monitoring of the bird populations, as well as to the preservation of the studied areas.
Taxonomia e diversidade dos Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Neotropicais, com ênfase na fauna da Mata Atlântica, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-17) Arouca, Raquel Gonçalves; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
The material studied comes from eighteen localities of Atlantic Forest from BIOTA/FAPESP Project: João Pessoa, PB; Recife, PE; Quebrangulo, AL; Santa Luzia do Itanhy, SE; Mata São João, BA; Mata da Esperança, BA: Porto Seguro, BA: Linhares, ES; Santa Teresa, ES; Santa Maria Madalena, RJ; Nova Iguaçu, RJ; Ubatuba, SP; Salesópolis, SP; Ribeirão Grande, SP; Peruíbe, SP; Morretes, PR; São Francisco do Sul, SC and São Bento do Sul, SC. Other specimens from the DCBU collection (Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Carlos) were studies too. The material was collected using three techniques: Malaise traps, Moericke traps and sweeping vegetation. The amount of Alysiinae examined was 2.920 specimens (2.082 of BIOTA/FAPESP Project and 838 of other collection), identified in 14 genera. Dinotrema, Aphaereta e Phaenocarpa were the most frequent genera. Indices of Diversity and Equitability were used to discuss the richness and dominance of genera in each locality. The higher values of richness were recorded in Nova Iguaçu, RJ; São Bento do Sul, SC; São Francisco do Sul, SC; Santa Teresa, ES e Santa Luzia do Itanhy, SE and the lower in João Pessoa, PB; Recife, PE; Mata São João, BA; Porto Seguro, BA e Linhares, ES. These data evidenced a trend to the enrichment of the Alysiinae fauna to the Atlantic Forest areas in largest latitudes. The higher Diversity Index was recorded in Santa Luzia do Itanhy, SE and the lower in João Pessoa, PB. Linhares, ES presented the highest Equitability and Santa Teresa, ES the lower. Cluster Analysis was adopted taking as attribute the occurrence of the Alysiiinae genera. Four species of Phaenocarpa and Aphaereta confusa Wharton, 1994 female were described. Eight species were reported from Brazil for the first time: Gnathopleura carinata (Szépligeti, 1904); G. bugabensis (Cameron, 1887); G. semirufa (Brullé, 1846); Ilatha pulchripennis (Latreille, 1805); Idiasta delicata (Papp, 1969); Phaenocarpa pericarpa Wharton & Carrejo, 1999; P. cratomorpha Wharton, 1994 and Aphaereta confusa Wharton, 1994; and four new genera were identified. Those results show the importance and the need of the taxonomic and ecological studies on the subfamily Alysiinae, especially in the Neotropical region.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos analíticos para a determinação de N-acetilcisteína em produtos farmacêuticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-17) Suarez, Willian Toito; Fatibello Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6680603267238159
In this dissertation four analytical procedures for the determination of Nacetylcysteine in pharmaceutical formulations are described. The first procedure developed was a flow injection analysis system for turbidimetric determination of Nacetylcysteine employing Ag+ ions in an acid medium as the precipitant reagent. In this system, 250 µL of 0.01 mol L-1 AgNO3 solution and 500 µL of sample solution were inserted simultaneously into a merging zones flow system. After the precipitate formation in a 100 cm coil reactor, the precipitate generated was monitored turbidimetrically at 400 nm. Desionised water flowing intermittently at 6.3 mL min-1 was used to wash out the precipitate during the sampling stage. The analytical curve was linear in the N-acetylcysteine concentration range from 1.0 x 10-4 to 1.0 x 10-3 mol L-1; with a detection limit of 8.0 x 10-5 mol L-1 (3σB/slope) and sampling frequency of 60 h-1 was obtained. The relative standard deviation was smaller than 1% for Nacetylcysteine solutions in the concentrations of 1.0 x 10-4 and 5.0 x 10-4 mol L-1 (n=20). The recoveries obtained for two samples ranged from 104 to 122%. A flow injection system with spectrophotometric detection is proposed for determining Nacetylcysteine in pharmaceutical formulations. In this system, N-acetylcysteine was oxidized by Fe(III) and the Fe(II) produced is spectrophotometrically monitored as Fe(II)-1,10-phenantroline complex at 515 nm. Under the optimum analytical conditions, the linearity of the calibration graph for N-acetylcysteine ranged from 1.8 x 10-5 to 1.5 x 10-4 mol L-1. The detection limit of 6.3 x 10-6 mol L-1 (3σB/slope) and recoveries between 102 to 113 % were obtained. The preparation and electrochemical characterization of a carbon paste electrode modified with copper (II) hexacyanoferrate(III) (CuCHF) as well as its behaviour as electrocatalyst toward the oxidation of N-acetylcysteine were investigated. The electrochemical behaviour of the modified electrode and the electrooxidation of N-acetylcysteine were explored using sweep linear voltammetry. The best voltammetric response was observed for a paste composition of 20%(w/w) copper (II) hexacyanoferrate(III) complex, acetate buffer solution at pH of 6.0 as the electrolyte and scan rate of 10 mV s-1. A linear voltammetric response for N-acetylcysteine was obtained in the concentration range xiv from 1.2 x 10-4 to 8.3 x 10-4 mol L-1, with a detection limit of 6.3 x 10-5 mol L-1 (3σB/slope). The proposed electrode is useful for the quality control and routine analysis of N-acetylcysteine in pharmaceutical formulations. Finally, a simple, precise, rapid and low-cast potentiometric method for N-acetylcysteine determination in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations is proposed. N-acetylcysteine present in tablets containing known quantity of drug was potentiometrically titrated in aqueous solution with AgNO3. No interferences were observed in the presence of common components of the tablets as saccharin, sucrose and EDTA. The analytical results obtained by applying the proposed method compared very favorably with those obtained by the comparative method. Recovery of N-acetylcysteine from various tablets dosage formulations range from 98.7 to 103.0%. Compared to others procedures reported in the literature the procedures developed in this dissertation shows to be better and cheaper to determination of N-acetylcysteine in pharmaceutical formulations.
Obtenção de uma desintegrina recombinante de Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus e estudo dos efeitos de desintegrinas na expressão do fator de crescimento de endotélio vascular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-17) Ribeiro, Juliana Uema; Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
Disintegrins are snake venom proteins used in the study of integrin-mediated cellular adhesion through integrins. Recombinant disintegrin production may notable supply faster, larger and most homogeneous protein samples than bruit venom processing. This work describes optimization of the recombinant ACLD-C expression technique. ACLD-C is a disintegrin-like protein from Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus, that have a disintegrin-like domain with DCD motif, and a cysteine-rich domain. This protein was subcloned from the ACLD clone (GenBank U86634), a metallopeptidase. A protocol of expression was established in our laboratory, where recombinant ACLD-C is produced in E. coli, using the expression vector pMal-p. This allows protein target expression in form of N-terminal fusion with MBP (maltose-binding protein), that facilitate purification, correct folding and production of disintegrin in soluble form. In fact, MBP/ACLD-C was was expressed in soluble form and purified in two stages: affinity comatography in amilose resin and cromatography of gel-filtration in superdex-200 resin. Modifications in expression protocol optimized MBP/ACLD-C expression in culture of 0,4 mg/L of culture of 1,2 mg/L (12,6% total of protein in periplasmic space of E.coli). MBP/ACLD-C imobilizated in amilose resin was subjected to digestion with enzyme factor Xa to separate ACLD-C of MBP. The separation was confirmed through positive reaction with anti-ALT-C antibody. ALT-C is a disintegrin-like protein from Bothrops alternatus. ALT-C induced both expression of VEGF in human fibroblasts and proliferation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis. In second part of this work, we investigated if MBP/ACLD-C was also able to induce the expression of this growth factor in this cells. MBP/ACLD-C and two other disintegrins, echistatina, a disintegrin-RGD, and EC6, a heterodimeric disintegrin, were incubated with fibroblasts. The influency of these proteins in VEGF expression was evaluated by ELISA. MBP/ACLD-C was able to strongly induce the expression of VEGF until 4 hours, when the level decreased until 24 hours. Experiment in period of 24 48 hours was not done due to problems of contaminations. Echistatin did not induced VEGF expression, but induced fibroblasts dettachment from plastic. The latter event was not observed in MBP/ACLD-C or EC6 incubated cells.
Restauração das imagens do satélite CBERS-1 utilizando POCS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Papa, João Paulo; Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
The number of applications in remote sensing has widely increased in the last years. The reason for this is mainly the high quality of imaging systems onboard. Among this new generation of satellites, the CBERS-1 (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) was developed through a partnership between Brazil and China, and its main mission is to capture high-resolution images of the Earth using panchromatic and multispectral detectors. However, the information provided by remote sensing needs to be processed to better reflect the radiometric quality of the data, using for this purpose a technique called image restoration. The main goal of image restoration is the reconstruction or recovery of the degraded image using some a priori knowledge of the degradation phenomenon. In this work we developed five image restoration algorithms based on the theory of convex projections, which were obtained through the CBERS-1 band 2 CCD sensor. These algorithms are based on the application of restrictions in convex sets form, through the POCS (Projections Onto Convex Sets) method, where the intersection among these sets, if it exists, gives a satisfactory solution for the problem. The simulations were developed using the RAP (Row-Action Projections), the SIRT (Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique) and an algorithm that uses prototype image constraints, which were obtained by the methods cited above and by the MIF (Modified Inverse Filter). The results were visually and numerically evaluated.
Efeitos do envelhecimento e da osteoporose na cifose torácica, na propriocepção e no torque dos músculos do tronco.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Granito, Renata Neves; Oishi, Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1417328590472858
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aging and osteoporosis on thoracic kyphosis degree, on extensors and flexors trunk muscles torque and on proprioception. Moreover, this study investigated the possible correlation among the variables studied in this work. It was evaluated 40 voluntary women, divided in four distinct groups: Young Group (10 women) aged between 20 and 30 years old, Adult Group (10 women) aged between 40 and 50 years old, Old Group (10 women) aged more than 60 years old and Osteoporotic Group (10 women) aged the same as the previous group, however with diagnosis of osteoporosis on spine. The volunteers were submitted to a previous interview, to a bone densitometry to quantify the bone mineral density of lumbar spine and to an x-ray of the thoracic spine in lateral view to verify the thoracic kyphosis degree. Moreover, the volunteer were submitted to a proprioception evaluation and to the isokinetic test of the trunk muscles, both performed on the BIODEX SYSTEM 3 equipment. Data were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0, 05). The results showed that thoracic kyphosis degree was significantly greater in the Osteoporotic Group, followed by the Old Group, Adult and the Young Group. It was found a significant reduction on the trunk extensor torque imposed by ageing and aggravated by osteoporosis. The ageing process was still responsible for a reduction on the trunk flexor torque, but this condition was not exacerbated by osteoporosis. The extensor torque was greater than the flexor, during both eccentric and concentric contractions, in both velocities of the isokinetic test. However, there were no significant differences between the groups on the extensor and flexor torque relation. The older volunteers, with and without osteoporosis, showed a greater proprioceptive deficit than the younger volunteers. It was found a significant negative correlation between bone mineral density with kyphosis degree and positive correlation between mineral density and trunk extensor torque. The thoracic kyphosis degree showed a negative correlation with the trunk extensor torque and a positive correlation with age and proprioceptive deficit. This study concluded that the physiologic aging process is responsible for an increased thoracic kyphosis, a reduction of the extensor and flexor trunk torques and a reduction of the proprioceptive sensibility. The osteoporosis amplifies the increase in thoracic kyphosis and the reduction on the trunk extensor torque imposed by age. However, the osteoporosis does not have any effect on the aging reduction of flexor torque of trunk muscles and on proprioceptive deficit.
Ensino de discriminações condicionais por imitação: efeitos de dois arranjos de apresentação de tentativas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Sella, Ana Carolina; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
Imitation can be defined, in general terms, as the similarity of behavior between two organisms when the response topography of one, the imitator, is similar to nd controlled by the behavior of the other, the demonstrator. Along the years there has been a lot of controversies involving imitation`s conceptualizations and discussions on how it is produced and maintained. Some authors say that imitation, as any other behavior, needs to be directly reinforced in all its instancies to be established and maintained. Other authors emphasize the need of only some responses being reinforced, thus generalizing to others. Independently of the presence of direct reinforcement, imitation has been used as a teaching technique for many behaviors. Most behaviors that are taught through imitation are simple motor behaviors. Researches that use imitation as a teaching technique for complex behavior, such as conditional discrimination, are still new and raise lots of questions for investigation. One of these questions is the possible influence of trial arrangements on the participants` performance, when analyzing numbers of session to criterion. Research protocols on teaching conditional discriminations through imitation present, unsystematically, either one trial to the observer execute after each one presented by the demonstrator, or many trials to be executed by the demonstrator, for then, the observer do his. In this study, it was tried to compare these trials arrangements systematizing two protocols to be used with all subjects. Each set of pairs of conditional relations (BA or CA) was taught in either one of these ways: 1) for each trial demonstrated by the demonstrator, the observer executed one; 2) for each block of trials demonstrated, the participant executed another block of trials. Another difference from the protocols that have already been studied, was the presence o some identity trials with programmed consequences during the arbitrary matching training. As general results, all participants learned the conditional discriminations programmed by the study (BA and CA) and showed the emergence of equivalence classes. independently of trial arrangement and without planned consequences for the trials. This learning may be result of generalized imitative responses that could be maintained through other reinforced imitative responses that were not the arbitrary conditional discriminations (BA and CA). The large number of trials needed to criteria, may, however derive from this lack of reinforcement. In quantitative terms, trial arrangements did not result in different performance. However, data show that, when the trials were presented in an alternate way, the participant s behavior seemed to be only under the control of the comparison stimuli chosen by the demonstrator, without attending to the sample stimuli. Even though the results obtained by the two types of trial presentation were quantitatively similar, questions were raised on which trial arrangement would establish the best stimulus control when imitation is used as a teaching technique. This issue is specilly important because the better established the stimulus control is, the more effective is the conditional discrimination learning.
Atividade elétrica dos estabilizadores dinâmicos da patela no exercício de agachamento associado a diferentes posições do quadril em indivíduos normais e portadores de síndrome da dor femoropatelar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Say, Karina Gramani; Pedro, Vanessa Monteiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4302307099019276; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electrical activity of the Vastus Medialis Obliquus (VMO), Vastus Lateralis Obliquus (VLO) and Vastus Lateralis Longus (VLL) in the isometric wall slide squat exercise at 45 and 60º knee flexion associated in a neutral position (NP), 45º of lateral rotation (LR 45), 15º of medial rotation (MR 15) and 30º hip medial rotation (MR 30) only in the 45o angle. The electrical activity of the VMO, VLO and VLL of 15 healthy subjects control group (21,13 ± 2,17 years) and 12 subjects with Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) PFPS group (21,08 ± 2,31 years), female, was picked up using simple active differential surface electrode, the electromyography system of 8 channels and software Aqdados 7.2.6. The data were normalized by the percentage of the squatting exercise at 75º flexion and hip in neutral position RMS (µV). The volunteers executed the exercise on the Squat Platform that permitted the standing on the hip rotation desirable and the electrogoniometer indicated the amplitude of knee flexion. The ANOVA with repeated measures was used to analyze the data as well as the Duncan pos hoc (p≤0,05). The results of this study revealed no significant interaction between any knee angulation and hip position and every muscles showed significantly higher electrical activity at 60º squatting compared with 45º, on both groups. For the control group, intramuscles analysis, there was no statistical difference for hip position and intermuscles analysis, at 45º squatting as well as 60º, the VLL muscle showed greater electrical activity than VMO (p=0,00036 - 45º; p=0,02 - 60º) and VLO muscle (p=0,00013 - 45º; p=0,0048 - 60º), whereas there was no significant difference between the VMO and VLO muscle (p=0,68 - 45º; p=0,51 - 60º). For the PFPS group, in intramuscles analysis, just VLO muscle showed significantly difference to hip position (p=0,019), that this electrical activity greater in 60º LR (p=0,00); on the analysis between muscles it was revealed that, in 45º squatting, the VLL muscle showed significantly greater electrical activity than the VMO (p=0,005) and the VLO muscles (p=0,000), whereas, the VMO muscle showed greater electrical activity than VLO (p=0,0001). On the other hand, at 60º squatting, the electrical activity of VLL and VMO were greater than VLO muscle (p=0,000 VLL; p=0,0001 - VMO). However, there was no significative difference between VMO and VLL (p=0,72). The analysis between the groups revealed that just the VMO muscle of the PFPS groups showed greater electrical activity than VMO from the control group in 60º squatting with hip rotation analyzed, except in LR (p=0,00036). The results of this research, obtained under the experimental conditions, indicated that the squatting exercise at the 60º angle, in any hip position (except in the lateral rotation) is indicated for the PFPS treatment since it presents a higher stability of the medial and lateral components of the muscle (VMO and VLL). On the other hand, the squatting exercise at the 45º, in any hip position, should avoid in the subjects with PFPS because the electrical activity of VLL is higher than VMO.
Desenvolvimento e sistematização de modelo de análise de tarefas industriais para inclusão de portadores de necessidades especiais no trabalho.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Simonelli, Angela Paula; Camarotto, João Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6477451021909733
The work carries out development and systematization of a job position task analysis model, occupied by special needs employees that studies the firm needs and the operations needed from the worker to perform his task. Objectives to serve as a parameter to companies action to put into practice inclusive hire policies as well as facilitate the comply of the law of quota and inclusion of Special Needs Persons on the job market, and contribute to the debate and literature on social inclusion. On the discussion of specialized literature, are presented reflections on the work as the representation of the man as social being and the process of inclusion of Special Needs Persons on the job market. The work shows the application, results and discussion of the model on an aeronautic company.