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Triagem visual de bebês prematuros: verificação da aplicabilidade do "Método de Avaliação da Conduta Visual de Lactentes"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-23) Carvalho, Beatriz Girão Enes; Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
There are risk factors linked to visual impairment question on infants like, for example, the prematurity. Studies show incidence of visual impairment on premature infants and very low birth weight ones, adding the importance of ophthalmologic exam, especially on risk infants. The World Health Organization introduces visual screening procedures for children of all ages, introducing other professionals on ocular health practices. There is a need of information from health squads, pediatricians, nurses and others about ophthalmologic exams diagnoses and of evidence sings of diseases, which cause visual impairment. It shows the necessity of screening instrument that allows visual early evaluation for all infants, specially the risk ones. Considering this situation the study had as objective testing the use of Method to Evaluate Visual Ability in Infants in 32 premature infants, from 1 to 3 months (of corrected age), during the routines of pediatric ambulatory attending in a Uberaba (MG) s school hospital. This method is a screenplay of visual ability in infants evaluation with 9 visuomotor behavior items and fine motor performance correspondent to infant skills during the first three months of life, with the positive answers categories (S), negatives (N), partials (P) and omitted (O). It was done at least 1, and on the maximum 2 evaluations in each infant. It were found important values on the number of O answers, in the first month (31,4%) and on item 7 (94,0%). It was analyzed the number of answers for not expected behaviors for each age, more frequently in the 2º month (26%) and in item 8 (89%). It was not observed correlation between the found answers and birth weight or gestational age. The use of this method on an ambulatory situation shows it as an important instrument for a situation of visual screening for risk infants.
Extração de conhecimento simbólico de redes neurais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-23) Nagamine, Fábio Seitoku; Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
The fact that Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are not able to explain, in a symbolic way, neither their decisions or the knowledge embedded in its connections and architecture is a well-known limitation. This work investigates several methods of knowledge extraction from ANNs proposed in the literature. More specifically, it focuses on four different approaches for knowledge extraction that are detailed and criticized and, for each of them, discusses a possible implementation. Also, a taxonomy for methods of rule extraction from ANNs, found in the literature, is detailed. An extension of this taxonomy aiming at a more useful, refined and versatile version is proposed. The main goal of the work, however, is to approach knowledge extraction from ANN in a critical way, analyzing each of the four methods concerning, mainly, their scopes, limitations and effective contribution to improving readability and easy understanding.
Assembléias de bairro na Argentina: criando espaços de ação política para reconstituir o tecido social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-23) Bogado, Adriana Marcela; Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7628617298030269
Taking into account the current context of social, political and economic crisis this work consists of a study about the Neighborhood assemblies in Argentina that followed the panelaços2, which happened in the 19th and 20th of December of 2001. The main characteristics of the assemblies are that they promote mechanisms of direct democracy, territorial organization, autonomy in face of political parties and finally for being composed mainly of people belonging to poorer sectors of society. People that never had political engagement, people that protested in the Seventies, people that participate in different political parties, syndicates or social organizations gather weekly in different neighborhoods to debate and generate actions in order to create alternatives to face the crisis and also try to develop spaces where new ways of dealing with politics can take place and thus deepening the process of democratization. Our study aims to describe the Neighborhood assemblies, its beginning and the practices performed, using the participants experience as a starting point. In order to accomplish that the chosen research methodology was Oral History alongside with Participative Observation of the assemblies and also other activities that resulted from these methods. With the objective of broadening the collected data spectrum, we have brought in photographs and a wide range of materials made by the participants as well as the entries in a filed diary. The data gathering was done between January and February of 2004 in two assemblies of the city of Buenos Aires, namely: a Asamblea Popular de San Telmo-Plaza Dorrego e a Asamblea de Palermo Viejo. The Oral History allowed us to rebuild the participants recent memories, those of the beginning of the assemblies, of the initial meetings. On the other hand it also worked as channel for yet another memory that was present inside the participants accounts to come to surface: that of the military dictatorship. Men and women identify the destruction of the social tissue as one of the main consequences of the military dictatorship and the following democratic governs. Beginning with this point of view they started to develop spaces of political action orientated to the reconstruction of this tissue. Hence, we would like to point out some important aspects of the actions of the assemblies, namely: the work with the memories of the repression years, o development of deliberation spaces that eventually enriched the political culture, the political action and solidarity networks with other social movements, the process of (re) signify the publics spaces and its management, the collective work and the accomplishment of activities and projects that aimed to create alternatives in a context of generalized crisis.
Recontando histórias: a leitura e a visão de mundo do pré-escolar.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-23) Donato, Daniela; Silva, Ademar da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9028512631572133
In this work we analyze the perception of the world traces conveyed by pre-school children when they retell stories. From the cultural historical perspective and from some aspects of textual linguistics, 58 retellings, produced in the story retellings classes of two Municipal Pre-Schools of the city of Matão in São Paulo, were analyzed. Four common types of occurrences were detected: oral marks, ways of telling, insertion of the quotidian, insertion of new elements, which were divided up into 22 subcategories to be analyzed. These data, which were considered as singular ones, show us that the world perception is present in the whole process of story telling, mainly when the children insert elements of his/her daily routine in the narrative, and the purpose of this is always the production of sense. We believe that the knowledge of these traces may lead the teacher to develop a better understanding of his/her task on the children education as good readers, and good writers. In short, on the formation of a child who tomorrow may know how to invent man.