Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2005-03-07"

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Processamento e caracterização da liga Al93Fe3Cr2Ti2 solidificada rapidamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-07)
Bonavina, Luiz Fernando
;
Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5443002033733395
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1415547884100471
The necessity to use materials presenting low density, high tensile strength and easy processing ability have led to the development of news materials and news processing techniques. More recently we can find in the literature, successful reports concerning the developing of bulk nanocrystalline composite alloys presenting a microstructure composed of Al + Quasicrystal + Al23Ti9 phases, obtained by extrusion of atomized powder. The goal of our work was to evaluate the perspective in obtaining bulk quasicrystalline composite, in centimeters scale, by spray deposition process. The Al93Fe3Cr2Ti2 alloy was processed by spray forming using nitrogen as atomizer gas onto a cooper substrate. To understand the influence of the cooling rate on the microstructure, the alloy was cast into an edge shaped cooper mould and the cooling rate has been estimated by using MAGMASOFT software. The samples were then characterized by the use of scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Vickers microhardness measurements and also compressive tests at room temperature. The desired microstructure composed of quasicrystalline particles embedded in Al matrix has been formed only under the higher cooling rate: i) in 90µm thick region of the edge mould sample, where a cooling rate of 105 K/s has been estimated; ii) in the thinner (10mm) region of the spray formed deposit corresponding the peripherical area of the atomization cone. The results indicate that the spray forming is a promising process to produce bulk quasicrystalline composite alloys. However, to fully explore this potential the gas-metal ratio must be higher than that used in the present work, to maintain all the deposit at the same condition as observed at the peripherical region of the atomization cone.
Pesquisas sobre o negro e a educação no Brasil: uma análise de suas concepções e propostas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-07)
Ribeiro, Cristiane Maria
;
Barbosa, Joaquim Gonçalves
This abstract aimed at exploring the education/pedagogical proposal of researches regarding the theme of blocks and education and understanding the extent of black understanding race relations and education that underline such a proposal. For this task 101 studies were analyzed, including masters dissertations, doctoral theses, and post-doctorate studies carried out in Brazil between the seventies and the first semester of 2004. In our study we present four paradigmatic moments in studies on blacks in Brazil. The first has its historical setting at the end of the XIX century and dawn of the XX and among its postulations are found assumptions concerning black inferiority , both cultural and biological. A second interpretation of blacks in Brazilian social thought saw its greatest expression in the thirties and forties of the XX century and primarily took for granted the assumed harmonic pattern in social relations. Another interpretation of race relations evolved the studies carried out by researchers of the São Paulo School (Escola Paulista) and their followers. Among their principal arguments is the assertion that the past pratice of slavery is largely responsible for the present situation of blacks in Brazil. We also put forth the interpretation lead Hasenbalg that presupposes the deliberate relegation of questions of black Brazilians to mere questions of class. At the same time we explore studies that point out increased appreciation of the unique aspects of the situation of black Brazilian referring to concepts of ethnic identity and ethnicity. The study´s data presents a survey of research on the theme of blacks and education in Brazil various aspects, such as: profile of researchers and studies, ideas and proposals/suggestions that recommend the necessary modifications to the Brazilian educational system in order to provide an education that respects ethno-cultural diversity.
Fenologia de Catasetum fimbriatum (Morren) Lindl. (Catasetinae, Orchidaceae) e sua polinização por abelhas Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae) na região de São Carlos-SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-08)
Ferreira, Alessandro Wagner Coelho
;
Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162
Catasetum fimbriatum is an epiphyte plant with a strong sexual dimorphism, witch can have inflorescences with male flowers, female flowers or mixed inflorescences. It can have also hermaphrodite flowers. In this work we studied twelve phenological events of this species, its main herbivores, visitors and the pollinator species. We used orchid populations of five locations at the central region of São Paulo state (Brazil), around São Carlos municipality. For the study of visitors/pollinator bees we used blooming plants and vanillin, eugenol and cineol traps. We trapped and stamped the bees with automotive color brilliant ink. The pollinator of C. fimbriatum is Eufriesea violascens. This orchid is also visited by E. truncata and E. cordata. E. violascens has the most specific interaction with the orchid, since, we met it in the field only when the major number of orchids were bloomed, other wise, Euglossa spp. could be seen for more time. C. fimbriatum has his development affected by the herbivores action, mainly by the larva of Riechia acraeoides (Lepidoptera). We registered 14 host species, the main are: Acrocomia aculeata, Cedrela fissilis, Gochnatia polymorpha e Anadenanthera falcata. A statistics analysis shows linear correlation to the following factors: pseudobulb diameter and male flowers number, pseudobulb diameter and plant larger height, plant larger height and male flowers number, male flowers number and fruits number, female flowers number and fruits number.
Estudo in vitro de cito e fototoxicidade das drogas nitroheterocíclicas Nitracrina e Quinifuryl
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-09)
Rossa, Marcelo Muniz
;
Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1106059868787042
The cytotoxicity of two nitroheterocyclic compounds, Polish antitumor agent, Nitracrine and Russian antiseptic, Quinifuryl, towards three lines of cells were determined under normoxia conditions. Special emphasis has been placed on the comparisons of the drugs effects in highly tumorogenic, leukaemic P388 and K562 and non-tumorogenic, fibroblast cells NIH3T3. Both drugs showed significant cytotoxicity to all cell lines. Toxicity of both drugs toward murine leukaemia was substantially higher, compared to non-transformed murine fibroblasts. At the drug concentrations of 2 nmol/ml, it took 2-3 times less time to reach the LC50 with P388 compared to NIH3T3. Uptake of drugs by human erythroleukaemia cells was observed starting 10 min from the addition of the drug, while the LC50 values were achieved after 3 hr of incubation. This delay in cell killing may be due to the intracellular transformation of drugs required for cell killing. It was also investigated the cellular phototoxicity of both drugs towards murine leukaemia, fibroblast and human erythroleukaemia cells. The cytotoxicity of these drugs towards two lines of leukaemic cells and a line of non-transformed cells, was measured in comparison, on the dark and under illumination. Both drugs showed highly elevated cytotoxicity when illuminated with LC50 values 7-35 times lower after 1 h illumination compared to 1 h incubation of cells incubation with drug on the dark. Cytotoxicity of Nitracrine toward all cell lines studied exceeded that of Quinifuryl, both on the dark and under illumination, so that 10 times lower concentration of former drug was needed to reach the same toxicity as the latter. General toxic effect was calculated as a direct cell kill and a cell proliferation arrest. Micelles (PEG-2000-stearate) and small unilamellar liposomes (DSPC) were chosen as vehicles and cytotoxicity of free and immobilized drugs was studied. We show that both drugs are effectively immobilized and strongly retained by both micelles and unilamellar liposomes. Both drugs are highly toxic against all line cells, when is immobilized in liposomes DSPC. A protective effect of micelles against Nitracrine toxicity toward P388 cells was observed at low drug concentration (0.2 nmol/ml), but not at higher concentration (2 nmol/ml). Micelles also protected P388 cells against cytotoxicity of Quinifuryl.
Análise da eficiência energética da secagem de pastas em leito de jorro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-10)
Fernandes, Conceição Flores
;
Corrêa, Ronaldo Guimarães
One of the most intensive uses of energy in industry is due to drying. After drying, the dry material becomes easy to transport, to storage, and to conserve for a long period of time. In this context, the aim of this work was to analyze the energy efficiency of a Spouted Bed in the drying of pastes in order to establish optimal conditions of operation and to propose modifications in the process to improve its energy efficiency. To issue these analyses, a mathematical model was derived which includes mass balance equations and energy balance equations for both the dryer and the inlet gas heater. The drying rate was quantified by the difference between the content of water in the feed flow rate of paste and the content of water in the exit dry solid. The mathematical model was implemented using MatLab programming language. The results obtained in both steady and dynamic simulations were compared with experimental data, showing that the model represents the process quite well for the operational conditions considered. Simulations were accomplished to analyze the behavior of the energy efficiency from disturbances in the feed flow rate of paste ( e F ), in the feed flow rate of gas ( g V ), composed by air and vapor of water, and in the power supplied to the inlet gas heater ( Pot ). Pinch Analysis was also performed to the system, which suggested some modifications in the process in order to improve its energy efficiency. The energy efficiency was quantified by the ratio between the necessary energy to evaporate the water and the sum of the necessary energy to blow and heat the inlet gas. The simulations showed that the energy efficiency so far used is improved by increasing the feed flow rate of paste, by decreasing both the power supplied to the inlet gas heater and the power supplied to the blower. It was observed that the increase in the temperature of the feed flow rate of paste showed a small effect in the energy efficiency.
Extensão da ferramenta MVCASE com serviços remotos de armazenamento e busca de artefatos de software
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-10)
Lucrédio, Daniel
;
Prado, Antonio Francisco do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
Software reuse aims to increase productivity and to decrease time-to-market, through work optimization and avoiding effort duplication. In this context, two areas arise: Software Components and Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE). The Component-Based Development approach aims to offer ways to build more reusable software. The use of CASE seeks to reduce effort, by delegating part of the tasks to be performed by the computer, and to improve quality, by helping the Software Engineer to perform some tasks. Combining the ideas of software components and CASE, this dissertation presents an extension of MVCASE tool, an academic tool developed in UFSCar - Federal University of São Carlos, with remote services for storage and search for software artifacts, aiming to improve productivity and to reduce time and costs in software development.
Estudo dos efeitos de colisões atômicas na dinâmica, nas propriedades estatíticas e no emaranhamento entre átomos aprisionados interagindo com a luz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-10)
França, Vivian Vanessa
;
Pratavieira, Gilberto Aparecido
In this work we consider a trapped Bose-Einstein Condensate interacting simultaneously with a high quality cavity quantized field and a classical undepleted laser field. Collisions between atoms are taken into account by a delta type contact potential. A linearized model is obtained which take into account simultaneous amplification of atomic and optical fields. We analyse the effects of atomic collisions on the system stability and statistical properties. Also is done a study of the degree of entanglement between atomic and optical fields.
Interação entre a Matéria de Vórtices e arranjos minimamente ordenados de defeitos de aspecto colunar em YBa2Cu3O7-δ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-10)
Nunes, Juliana Sens
;
Ortiz, Wilson Aires
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
In this work we have studied the interaction of Vortex Matter with columnar defects in YBa2Cu3O7-δ supercondutcting samples. In these samples prepared by a Solgel chemical route, the granularety is delicately controled so that the the average cross section of grains is reasonably constant and the penetration of magnetic flux lines is columnar-like. Using magnetic and transport measurements we have constructed the phase diagram of the studied sample, determinating the higher critical field, the irrevesibility line, and the line were the pinned vortices lose longitudinal coherence which we call H*(T). AC-susceptibility and 6-terminal transport measurements were used to determine H*(T). The results confirm that, above T* there is a break of longitudinal coherence and the vortices behave like "pancakes" according to Clem's model, whereas below T* the longitudinal coherence is maintained. The experimental line H*(T) was theoretically ajusted, confirming that it is a line of change from the three-dimensional coherence of the vortices, to an almost two-dimensional of the "pancakes". Due the existence of a variety of superconducting systems with columnar-like defects that also present the line H*(T), as for example Mg-deficient MgB2, it is useful to compare them with the hope that some type of universal behavior can be observed. The normalized magnetic phase diagram with data of YBa2Cu3O7-δ and MgB2 revealed the expected similarity between the two systems studied, due to microstructural similarities between both and not to any intrinsic characteristic of the superconducting materials, that are very different among themselves.
Efeito do teor de CeO2 em catalisadores de Pt/CeO2-Al2O3 para as reações de oxidação parcial e reforma do metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-10)
Santos, Ana Cláudia Sousa Fonseca
;
Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
The effect of CeO2 loading in Pt/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts was investigated. Pt catalysts supported on mixed CeO2-Al2O3 carriers with different CeO2 loading 1, 3, 6, 12, 20 wt.% were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. For all samples, the Pt content was about 1 wt.%. The catalysts were characterized by SBET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), UVVis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reaction of dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) measurements. SBET results showed that the ceria promoted the stabilization of the superficial area of the alumina in samples of CeO2-Al2O3 with low CeO2 content (≤ 6%). XRD showed the formation of nanocrystallites of ceria on alumina surface when the amount of CeO2 was higher than 6 wt.%. TPR patterns indicated that the presence of Pt promoted the reduction of CeO2 in lower temperature than what was observed for the CeO2-Al2O3 supports. The increase of CeO2 loading lead to an increment in the OSC. The results for the reactions of partial oxidation, steam reforming and autothermal reforming of methane revealed that the activity of Pt/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts was dependent of the CeO2 loading. Pt catalyst with CeO2 loading higher than 12 wt.% exhibited the highest specific activity and stability for partial oxidation of methane. This high stability was attributed to a combination of the properties as the presence of the CeO2 fluorite structure and different OSC values. Although the superficial structure of Pt did not show a decisive role for the high stability of Pt/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts with CeO2 loading higher than 12 wt.%, the different Pt morphologies can show different rates for methane activation resulting in a better performance of surface carbon removal and therefore making more Pt sites available to the reaction.
Contribuição citogenética à análise da biodiversidade em Astyanax fasciatus (Pisces, Characidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-10)
Pazza, Rubens
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Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7069073110550804
Astyanax fasciatus is characterized as a cytogenetically diverse species. Sympatric and syntopic occurrence of distinct cytotypes corroborates the hypothesis that A. fasciatus might represent a species complex sharing a common denomination. In this work, specimens from three collection sites along Mogi-Guaçu River, on Southeastern Brazil, were examined: (1) close to headwaters (Ouro Fino MG), (2) in the mean river portion (Cachoeira de Emas, Pirassununga SP, characterized by the presence of a dam) and (3) close to river mouth at Pardo river (Barrinha SP). Two karyotypes bearing perfectly paired chromosomes, named standard cytotypes, were identified; one of them with 2n=46 and another one with 2n=48 chromosomes. The cytotype 2n = 48 was found in all collection sites, whereas the cytotype 2n = 46 was restricted to Barrinha and Cachoeira de Emas. In this latter locality, the cytotype 2n=46 was predominant, but variant karyotypical forms were also reported, bearing 2n=45 and 47 chromosomes, besides a structural variant with 2n=46. A variant with 2n=47 chromosomes was also found in Ouro Fino. The Ag-NORs and 18S and 5S rDNA sites showed a conserved distribution among cytotypes, as well as the constitutive heterochromatin, preferentially located at terminal region on the long arms of submetacentric, subtelocentric and acrocentric chromosomes and terminal region on short arms of a submetacentric pair. This latter region showed to be GC-rich after chromomycin A3 staining and it corresponds to the location of a Nucleolar Organizer Region. Sites bearing the satellite DNA As51 were detected at terminal region on the long arms of several chromosomes, distributed over 4 submetacentric pairs, 3 subtelocentric pairs and one acrocentric pair in the standard cytotype 2n=46, and over 3 submetacentric pairs, 4 subtelocentric pairs and one acrocentric pair in the standard cytotype 2n=48. The variant karyotypical forms also presented other chromosomes bearing such satellite DNA, remarkably at a large metacentric chromosome bearing a terminal site on the long arms (found in two variant karyotypes), two subtelocentric pairs bearing additional interstitial site (found in one variant karyotype), and one submetacentric pair bearing a subterminal site on the long arms (found in one variant karyotype). Data based on RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) were poorly informative to analyze the reported diversity, indicating a high number of migrants per generation among cytotypes. On the other hand, data from ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) showed a low structuring, mainly between two standard cytotypes from Barrinha, where a Nm value of 0,4301 was observed, with a genetic identity of 0,6862 and genetic distance of 0,3765. The values of genetic distance (0,3219) and genetic identity (0,7248) between cytotypes with 2n=48 from Barrinha and Ouro Fino also evidenced a slight differentiation, indicating that the dam at Cachoeiras de Emas is probably a barrier to gene flow among populations located upstream and downstream the dam. The obtained results with molecular markers do not discard the possibility of inbreeding among the cytotypes of A. fasciatus, as a source of the diversity found. Hypothetically, the standard cytotype with 2n=48 might be the resident form at Mogi- Guaçu River, while the cytotype with 2n=46 would represent an invasive form, showing recent divergence. Although the variant karyotypes present a karyotypical structure similar to the cytotype with 2n=46, there are evidences that chromosomes typical from the cytotype with 2n=48 have been incorporated, suggesting that such variants may be derived from viable crossings among standard cytotypes, and/or their offsprings, which share some homologies, as demonstrated by chromosomal markers. The presence of a higher number of As-51 sites in some variants reinforces their inbreeding origin. The As-51 sites, which showed to be specific for some variant forms, might be originated by complementary chromosomal rearrangements, propitious to new locations of this satellite DNA on karyotypes.
São Carlos nos jornais: representações e cotidiano 1889-1901.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-10)
Datrino, Renata Martinês
;
Monsma, Karl Martin
Análise das oportunidades de aprendizagem em aulas expositivo-participativas: estudo de caso de um professor de Biologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-11)
Camargo, Cristiane Cordeiro de
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Mello, Maria Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542
This work is inserted in an investigative line, guided by a cognitive learning framework, seeking to understand how speech, in the teaching environment, has impact upon the learning process of students. Using as outline suggested questions from the teacher in participative lectures and the reactions to the students responses, this investigation aimed to answer two questions: a) How does the analysis of the interaction teacher-student in participative lectures enable the identification of possible learning opportunities? b) Which are the variables involved in the process that go from the intentions in teaching practice, to the opportunities of learning offered? To proceed in this analysis, we have sought reference in social-historical psychology authors regarding the caracterization of the thought process and the structure of scientific knowledge ( Petrovsky, 1980; Vygostky, 1993 ); authors who, using as a starting point social-historical psychology, have developed concepts and interpretations on the functions of speech in learning activities ( Scott, 1998; Mercer, 1996; Wegerif et al, 1999 ); authors who deal with forms of relationship in regard to knowledge, as they materialize in the teaching environment ( Edwards, 1997 ). This work is characterized as a descriptive-analytic study of a biology teacher; of qualitative nature, presented in case study format. The data was collected thru means of observation and registry of given lectures as well as an interview with the teacher. Results indicate that the identification of learning opportunities offered by the teacher, by means of interventions, can only be comprehended if articulated to the logics of context ( structure of scientific concepts ) and interaction ( structure of participation, that is, the implied rules that guide the students and teacher s participation in their speech during class). These opportunities sometimes don t correspond to the ones idealized /verbalized by the teacher, as they suffer influence of many variables in the process of materialization in class. Among these are the ones related to the basis of knowledge of the teacher in teaching skills, in terms of knowledge of a specific area as well as in the pedagogic area. A correct articulation between the two types of knowledge can enable a more adequate one between the teacher s interventions and the mental processes necessary to the elaboration of certain scientific knowledge by the students. Beyond that, results also show the utility of theoretical structures, deriving from concepts such as scafolding ( Bruner et al, 1976, apud Scott, 1998 ) for the analysis of concrete situations in teacher-student interaction during participative lectures.
Otimização da configuração e operação de sistemas médicos emergenciais em rodovias utilizando o modelo hipercubo.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-11)
Iannoni, Ana Paula
;
Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
The purpose of this study is to develop effective methods to analyze the configuration and operation of the emergency medical systems (EMS) on highways. Due to the stochastic nature of these systems, especially in the arrival and assistance processes of the emergency calls, we apply the Hypercube Queuing Model to evaluate the performance measures of the system. This is a well-known model in the location literature, which is based on spatially distributed queuing theory. The EMS on highways operate within a particular dispatching policy which considers that only some ambulances in the system can travel to certain regions (partial backup) and multiple dispatch of ambulances to respond to certain calls. In this study we extend the Hypercube model to deal with these situations. Since the Hypercube model is a descriptive model, we also develop a Hypercube embedded genetic algorithm to create a prescriptive approach to optimize the configuration and operation of EMS on highways. This approach can support decisions at the strategic level, for example, the location of ambulances along the highway and the primary response area to each ambulance, as well as, decisions on the operational level, for example, the optimal dispatch policy of ambulances to respond to the emergency calls and the coverage area to each ambulance (if the system configuration can be modified according to the operational conditions of the week or the day). In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we conducted experiments using the data of two realsystems: the EMS Anjos do Asfalto (Presidente Dutra highway) and EMS Centrovias (portions of the highways Washington Luis, Eng. Paulo Nilo Romano e Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros) in São Paulo State. The results show that the approach is effective to support planning and operation decisions in such systems.
Determinação da energia de fratura em materiais cerâmicos em altas temperaturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-11)
Santos, Sérgio Francisco dos
;
Rodrigues, José de Anchieta
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4000441989868775
In this work, the main objective was to determine the energy of fracture in ceramic materials, focused on refractories, at high temperatures and to inquire the interference of the creep on this measurement. Therefore, castable containing white fused and calcined aluminas, hydrated alumina as a binder, with and without, a glass of SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-B2O3-MgO was designed. This material can simulate the real situation of refractory castables that present possible glassy phase formation due to the presence of cement, silica fume and impurities of raw materials. In addition to this material two commercial refractories were also characterized. Physical characterizations, refractoriness under load, modulus of rupture, Young's modulus and coefficient of linear thermal expansion were evaluated. The energy of fracture was measured through stable crack propagation in three-point bending tests. The creep curves were obtained in three-point bending and compression tests. The concept of rate of energy of creep deformation was used to evaluate creep semiquantitatively as well as to consider a description for the energy of fracture at high temperatures. The results indicate that a maximum in the energy of fracture measured through stable crack propagation under three-point bending tests occurs as a function of temperature. For this case it will exist a range of temperature at which the material will suffer a transition from brittle to ductile behaviour due to the presence of glassy phase in the microstructure. In the transition, bridges of glassy phase contribute for the increase of the average energy for crack propagation. Consequently, these results have strong influence on the thermal shock damage resistance parameters.
Aspectos ecológicos e sociais da coleta informal de resíduos sólidos urbanos do município de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-11)
Rancura, Sheila Aparecida de Oliveira
;
Nordi, Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
This work was developed along with informal waste collectors of recyclable solid waste in the urban area of the city of São Carlos SP. An effort has been performed with the aim of combining ecological studies with the garbage problematic and social exclusion the informal waste collection brings. The adequacy of concepts of the ecological theory (ecological niche, foraging models) to the case of the waste collectors studied allowed placing the role of individuals in the ecosystem and inferring on the resource utilization forms and their implications for the environment. The methodological procedures used combined direct observations and free interviews with structured questionnaires (socioeconomic and informal collection production data). Most informal waste collectors (80%) present generalist collection strategy, also presenting, however, high dependence degree on some types of waste such as aluminum, paper and ferrous materials. The behavior of the informal waste collectors is similar to behavior predicted for foragers by the optimal foraging theory. The contribution of the informal collection for recycling market is of order of 97.3 kg/day/collector, being hidden by its stealth situation and the gains they profit are found at minimum levels as possible in order to allow they subsistence. One of the effects of this activity on the environment is its performance as negative feedback on one component the garbage which causes environmental deterioration. One believes that the recognition of the collection social and environmental importance and its removal from informality are the first step to change the stealth situation that informal waste collectors are submitted to.
Uso do método do trabalho essencial de fratura (EWF) para avaliar a tenacidade de blendas poliméricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-11)
Yamakawa, Roberto Seiji
;
Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
Initially it was made a well elaborated study on the essential work of fracture method (EWF) using the polyamide 6 (PA6) because this polymer shows high difficult to evaluate its toughness. The PA6 is a semi-crystalline polymer, so its mechanical properties are highly affects by the specimen processing conditions. This material is also highly susceptible to the notch, so it is necessary to study how the conditions to obtain the notch and pre-crack can affect the applicability of the EWF method. The best specimen dimension to work in plane stress condition was determined for the uniaxial tensile test. This first study allowed determining the best specimen condition to apply the EWF method. The EWF method was used to evaluate the toughness of polymeric blends. One of the blend was prepared with a semi-crystalline matrix (PA6/ABS) and other with amorphous matrix (PC/ABS). It was also studied the efficiency of the MMA-MA compatibilizer on the PA6/ABS blend toughness. The results allowed concluding that the EWF method was able to verify the improvement of toughness in the blends when compared with the pure polymers as well as the improvement of toughness when the compatibilizer is added to the blend. It was also studied the influence of specimen thickness, strain rate and injection molding conditions like injection speed and mold temperature on the parameters of EWF method. The results allowed concluding that all variables affected the specific essential work of fracture, we, while the specific nonessential work of fracture, βwp, was not affect by that variables, except in the highest test speed for PA6 and in the different thickness for the PA6 and PA6/ABS/MMA-MA blend.
Proposta metodológica para subsidiar a determinação do grau de impacto ambiental em empreendimentos minerários na região de Descalvado e Analândia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-11)
Torresan, Fábio Enrique
;
Lorandi, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
This paper has the main objective of proposing methodological procedures for the analysis of the environmental impact degree and respective compensation calculation, in accordance with the Article 36 of Law 9.985. The research was consolidated through a case study specifically applied for the analysis of mining enterprises, in the region of Descalvado an Analandia, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Through the application of geoprocessing tools, environmental information were converted into environmental impact degree indicators, related mainlyto the intensification of erosive processes, biodiversity loss and impacts on the hydrological resources. The present methodological proposal represents an important instrument of environmental management for the assessment of conservation priorities and alternatives for location of enterprises. The results showed that the region of Descalvado and Analandia presents high environmental fragility, due to it's high potencial to cause erosion and also due to their fragments of natural vegetation. It was proposed the creation of an Protected Area.
Abordagem via integrais de trajetória do processo de troca e dissipação de energia num sistema composto por dois osciladores harmônicos dissipativos acoplados - o modelo duplicado de Caldeira & Leggett
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-11)
Cacheffo, Alexandre
;
Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828776012924524
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1355079087830286
In this work, we analyse the dissipation and interchange of energy in a system composed by two harmonic oscillators, each one associated with a thermal reservoir. To this end, we employ the Caldeira & Leggett approach, based on path integral formulation, to obtain the time evolution of the reduced density operator of the system composed by both oscillators.
O orçamento participativo e poder local - um estudo sobre Araraquara, Franca e São Carlos no período 1999/2002
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-14)
Marino Júnior, João
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
The World Bank edited in 1995 a book that announces that people affected by interventions for the development must be included in the decision process . In this essay, the World Bank did a survey about 121 potable water supply projects to rural zones in 49 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, in which were studied more than 140 variables. The conclusion was that the implemented projects where there was any kind of community participation were that which obtained the most successful results. From 1996 on, the World Bank gives the priority to loan projects that includes participative methods on its elaboration and development. Further, the participative budget was included by United Nations Organization (UNO) as one of the best experiences of the government during the Habitat II conference, in July 1996 at Istanbul, Turkey. Also, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) published in 1997 a book about participation which says that the participation is not simply an idea, but a new pattern of cooperation to the development of the 90 s . In Brazil, this tendency is noticed in relation to the participative budget, which is our object of study. The aim of this work was to discuss under the Politic Science view about the existence or not of a re-division of the decision power related to the allocation of public resources for investments between the Legislative Power and the police officers of the Participative Budget. The work shows that in the three cities that were researched was detected a loss of politic power by the legislative, that refers to the right of the town councilors to interfere, reallocate and direct the budget to public investments in detriment to the police officers of the PB, that started to practice a competency function of the legislative power. That means a loss of autonomy of the legislative in relation to the executive power with the introduction of participative budget managements.
Alinhamento de seqüências biológicas com o uso de algoritmos genéticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-14)
Ogata, Sabrina Oliveira
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
The comparison of genome sequences from different organisms is one of the computational application most frequently used by molecular biologists. This operation serves as support for other processes as, for instance, the determination of the three- dimensional structure of the proteins. During the last years, a significative increase has been observed in the use of Genetic Algorithms (GA) for optimization problems as, for example, dna or protein sequence alignment. GAs are search techniques inspired in mechanisms from Natural Selection and Genetics. In this work, a GA was used to development a computacional tool for the sequence alignment problem. A benchmark comparison of this program with the bl2seq tool (from Blast package) is showed using some sequences, varying in similarity and length. In some cases the GA overhelmed the bl2seq tool. This work contributes to the Bioinformatic field by the use of a novel methodology that can use as an option for sequence analysis in genome projects and to enhance the results of other tools such like Blast.