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Avaliação de partículas poliméricas como material suporte em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado no tratamento de fenol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-24) Sader, Leandro Takano; Silva, Edson Luiz
This work had as objective studies of the biofilms formation in polymerics particles used as material supports in anaerobic fluidized-bed reactors. Three polymerics supports were tested: polystyrene, PET and PVC, which suffered appropriate acid treatment, in way to provide them superficial characteristics as rugosity, porosity and favorable electric charge, with the purpose of favoring the microbial adhesion. The reactors were inoculated with sludge originating from reactor UASB that treated swine slaughterhouse residue, adapted to the degradation of the phenol by 150 days. The volume of the reactors was of 770cm3, and they operated with ascendant speed of 1,3 times of the flow rate of the minimum fluidization. The phenol concentration varied from 100 to 400mg/L in the feeding of each system, presenting results of removal of phenol of 97%, 98% and 97,5% and removal of DQO of 84%, 88,5% and 87%, respectively for the reactors with polystyrene, PET and PVC, which operated with time of detention hydraulic relative the height of the bed, corresponding to the reactional volume of the reactors (TDHr) of 22 h, 10,6 h and 20,4 h, respectively. The quantification of extracellular polymeric showed better results for the particles of PVC that it presented 0,2 mgCarbohydrate/gParticle and 0,06 mgProteyn/gParticle. However, deformations in those particles harming the acting of the reactor, defining as better support the particles of PET, and in this reactor the percentage of phenol removal was larger for a smaller TDHr.
Estudos por espectroscopia Raman da heteroestrutura semicondutora InxGa1-xP/GaAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-24) Morais, Rômulo Ronan Oliveira de; Galzerani, José Cláudio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2448874919199274; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4990281576230103
In this work, the technique Raman spectroscopy is used in order to study InxGa1-xP films grown with different thickness on GaAs (001). Two sets of samples grown by CBE (Chemical Beam Epitaxy) were analized: the first a GaAs buffer layer of 3000 Ǻ and the second with an 1800 Ǻ buffer layer. Concerning vibrational modes, it was possibleto conclude that for In concentrations around 50 % this alloy has a two mode behaviour. Polarized Raman spectra allowed to estimate the ordering degree of the samples. It was possible to observe strong disorder for all of then, with 0,l26 ≤ η ≤ 0,443. Photoluminescence measurements confirmed the disordering. The stress, the lattice parameters and the concentrationsin the alloys were obtained from the variations of the vibrational modes. The interdifusion of P atoms through the GaAs buffer layer previously observed by X-Ray measurements was confirmed. Finally, a comparative study showed that a sensible difference occur between the vibrational modes of the alloys belonging to each set (with different buffer layer thicknesses). Besides, the absorption coefficients, was also shown to be different for each set.