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Microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas de ligas Al-Si hipoeutéticas conformadas por spray
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-29)
Ferrarini, Cleyton Fernandes
;
Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6048395588990624
The aims of this work were the microstructural and tensile properties characterization of the hypoeutectic spray formed Al-Si 319 and 380 alloys. The alloys were melted by induction furnace, gas atomized with nitrogen and deposited onto a copper substrate. The results were compared with conventionally sand cast Al-Si 380 alloy samples. Spray formed material showed fine and homogeneous microstructure, composed by equiaxial α-Al matrix, silicon particles, Al2Cu and β-AlFeSi intermetallics phases. Higher porosity and lower yield process were obtained increasing the superheating temperature and liquid metal mass flow rate. The extrusion promoted grain refinement by a partial recrystallization process and strong decrease of the porosity. Room temperature tensile tests of the spray formed Al-Si 380 alloy showed both increased strength and elongation when compared with the values observed for conventionally cast counterparts. These results can be ascribed to the refined grain size, silicon particles morphology and smaller β-AlFeSi phases presented in spray formed deposits. Due to the lower silicon content as well as lower porosity in spray formed and extruded Al-Si 319 alloy, this material showed higher values for the ultimate tensile strength and ductility when compared to Al-Si 380 alloy deposits processed by same parameters.
Emprego da RMN HR-MAS e análises quimiométricas no reconhecimento e avaliação de soja (Glycine max) geneticamente modificada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-29)
Barison, Andersson
;
Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0924773081596557
The Biotechnology has made possible the development of genetically modified (GM) organisms, including soybean, main Brazilian agricultural product. These GM specimens has been produced by changing some original characteristics of plant in order to increase productivity and to reduce production costs. However, these novel organisms should be evaluated, in order to verify its safety for environment and human and animal consume. In this context, it is necessary to develop new analytical methodologies for substantial equivalence determination of these novel plants. NMR is an important analytical tool allowing acquisition of a great number of chemical information in a single experiment. Within NMR techniques, HR-MAS makes possible direct acquisition on intact samples (In situ), without any sample treatment. In addition, chemometric analysis is a powerful tool, which allows interpretation of high complex data, such as NMR spectra. In this work, HR-MAS NMR has been employed for acquisition of NMR spectra directly of soybeans and leaves. Application of chemometric analysis on NMR data, has made possible to discriminate samples according to cultivar, geographic origin and mainly genetic origin, as well as to predict the identity of unknown samples by means of classification models. For this, all methodology, including HR-MAS NMR spectra measurements and chemometric analysis, was developed and optimized. Chemometric analysis performed on HR-MAS NMR spectra has also allowed to determine differences on chemical composition among samples, mainly those between traditional and GM specimens, giving important information about substantial equivalence of GM soybean crops. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that HR-MAS NMR technique together with chemometric analysis is an important tool to be used in metabolomic studies and in quality control of agricultural products.
Manejo de resíduos de laboratórios químicos em universidades - estudo de caso do departamento de química da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-30)
Sassiotto, Maria Lucia Passarelli
;
Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
The universities have a basic role in a formation of a citizen, in other words, they are centers of science, technology and knowledge that affect all the society. However, the universities, through their activities of research, learning and extension, ending up by generating wastes potentially hazardous, such as the chemical laboratories. However they cannot more delay anymore the solution of this problem. This research task was elaborated with the aim of presenting a study about the chemical wastes handling potentially hazardous in the universities campi, with the study of the Chemistry Department (CD) of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Through visits to other institutions in order to know their experiences with the management of chemical wastes and, on the basis of the survey of passive and active of the wastes in the chemical laboratories of CD, proposals to the management to these problems can be elaborated. These proposals are based on the prevention and in the corrective control. The preventive focus, primary, aims the survey of techniques and actions to reduce the generating sources (chemical laboratories of education and research). The corrective control aims the treatment and posterior disposal of the generated wastes. As conclusions, it is aimed to subsidize the implantation of a program of management of the hazardous wastes in the UFSCar, aiming to reduce their environment impacts.
Determinação de cádmio, chumbo, tálio e zinco em águas e alimentos por espectrometria de absorção atômica com injeção de amostra em forno aquecido por chama (BIFF-AAS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-01)
Aleixo, Poliana Carolina
;
Krug, Francisco José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462034099753487
A flame atomic absorption method based on the introduction of a liquid sample jet into a heated tube placed in the burner head of the spectrometer was evaluated for the determination of Cd, Pb, Tl and Zn in foods and waters. The beam injection flame furnace system consisted of a piston pump, a Rheodyne valve for sample injection, PEEK tube transmission lines (0.7 mm inner diameter), a nozzle made from PEEK with a channel (50 µm inner diameter; 200 µm long) and an integrated filter, for liquid jet generation. The flame furnace consisted of a Ni-base superalloy tube (1 cm inner diameter; 10 cm long) positioned in the flame, held by ceramic pins fixed at both ends of the burner head. The effects of sample carrier flow rate (1 to 2 ml min-1), sample injection volume, composition of fuel/oxidant mixture (C2H2 / air), total flow rate of gaseous mixture, diameter and number of holes in the tube atomizer on analytes atomization are presented. The importance of flame gases introduced through the holes into the tube atomizer was also investigated. For better understanding the atomization process, an optical pyrometer was used to measure external tube wall temperature, and the two lines method with Sn and Pb thermometric atomic lines (SnI 286.3 and 284.0 nm; PbI 368.3 and 280.2 nm) for measuring the gas phase temperature inside the tube. Entrance of flame gases into the tube atomizer was decisive for the atomization of Cd, Pb, Tl, and Zn. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that the gas phase temperature drops from ca. 1600 °C to 1200 °C when the water jet is introduced into the atomizer. This explains why this method is restricted to more volatile elements. The effect of concomitants usually present in food and water samples was negligible in spectrometers furnished with D2 background correction system. Without background correction, only Na in high concentrations (> 1000 mg l-1) showed significant spectral interference. Limits of detection were 0.65 µg l-1 Cd, 32.0 µg l-1 Pb, 8.0 µg l-1 Tl e 5.0 µg l-1 Zn. The relative standard deviation of measurements (n=3) varied from 3 to 9% and up to 60 samples can be analyzed per hour. In comparison with flame atomic absorption spectrometry with sample introduction by pneumatic nebulization, the limits of detection with BIFF-AAS improved 26 times for Cd, 20 times for Pb, 4 times for Zn and 12 times for Tl. Results obtained for determination of Cd, Pb, and Zn in water and food samples by BIFF-AAS showed good agreement with those obtained by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and no differences were found between results at 95% confidence level by the t-test, when using certified reference materials. Recoveries of thallium spiked in food and water samples were in the 98-102% range. For food analysis the BIFF-AAS system showed compatibility with centrifuged slurry food extracts obtained by ultrasound assisted extraction, as well as with the acid digests. Finally, this simple method can be successfully used for the determination of Cd and Pb in foods (useful for checking WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission criteria). It can also be recommended for the determination of Cd and Pb (except classes 1 and 2) in waters, following the CONAMA (National Environmental Council of Brazil) legislation.
Influência do núcleo central da amígdala na ingestão de sódio induzida por privação hídrica em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-06)
Vendramini, Regina Célia
;
Luca Júnior, Laurival Antonio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0339253755971890
The lesion of central nucleus of amygdala (NCeA) decrease sodium intake, but not thirst, induced by angiotensin II and sodium depletion in furosemide model. In the present work we investigated the effect of lesion of NCeA on sodium intake induced by the water deprivation rehydration protocol (PHRP). Adult male Holtzman rats (260-320 g) housed for five days with water, 1.8% NaCl and regular food pellets received sham (n = 12) or eletrolytic lesion of NCeA (1 mA / 20 s): unilateral (n = 10) and bilateral (n = 8). The ingestion of water and 1.8% NaCl was recorded five days pre- and post-surgery. No significant alteration in daily water or sodium intake was produced after sham-lesion surgery. The uni- or bilateral lesions of NCeA reduced the daily 1.8% NaCl intake, but did not alter daily water intake. Seven days after surgery, water and 1.8% NaCl were removed and only food remained avaiable for 24 or 36 hours. Then, food was removed and water was offered for rehydration (2 hours), PHRP protocol. After partial rehydration with water, 1.8% NaCl and water was made avaiable and ingestion was recorded at 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes (sodium appetite test). No significant alteration was observed in cumulative 1.8% NaCl or water at sodium appetite test in NCeA lesioned rats after PH24hRP. After PH36hRP, the bilateral lesion of NCeA reduced 1.8% NaCl intake for 3.4 + 1.7 ml/h compared with sham lesion (8.6 + 1.6 ml / h, p < 0.05). Water intake was not altered by NCeA lesion. There was an enhancement in need-induced 1.8% NaCl intake of intacts rats in response to repeated episodes of water deprivation. This enhancement occurred neither in the group with NCeA lesion nor in the group with sham lesion. The NCeA lesion also reduced the 1.8% NaCl intake induced by sodium depletion with furosemide and removal of ambient sodium, thus confirme the effects of amygdalar lesion already described in the literature. The integrity of NCeA is necessary for full expression of sodium appetite in the PHRP protocol. Water deprivation induced Fos expression in hypothalamics nuclei and cells groups of the lamina terminalis. Fos expression was reverted or did not change in different nuclei after rehydratation in PHRP protocol. We also investigated the effect of lesion in the NCeA on Fos expression in forebrain and pontine structures in response to 36 hours of water deprivation and subsequent rehydration that immediately precede Na+ intake. Rats (n = 6 per group), whith sham lesion (F) or bilateral lesion of NCeA, were submitted to to PH36hRP. Expression of Fos (as assessed by immunohistochemistry) in lamina terminalis or lateral parabrachial nucleus was not altered, but increased in medial parabrachial nucleus and parvocellular division of paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in NCeA lesioned rats. The increased neuronal activity in medial parabrachial nucleus may be related to the inibitory effect of NCeA lesion on sodium appetite.
A importância das palmeiras arborescentes de grande porte na dinâmica das florestas amazônicas sazonalmente secas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-07)
Salm, Rodolfo Aureliano
;
Sato, Michele
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9264997837722900
We investigated and compared the determinants of palm diversity at different spatial scales: along a moisture gradient in a seasonally dry Amazonian forest and using a climatic model comprising the entire Brazilian territory. Climatic hazards seem to strongly determine the distribution of palms, with the relative importance of moisture being highly consistent across scales. A model that represents the importance of large arborescent palms on the dynamics of seasonally dry Amazonian forests was conceived to guide this thesis. Specifically, the model is aimed at guiding the investigation of the role of large arborescent palms on forest regeneration and succession. Aspects of the model were examined with a ecosystem experiment that took advantage of a palm-rich secondary forest patch (=palmeiral) close to the Pinkaití research station, south-eastern Amazon, immersed in a matrix of notably well protected seasonally dry forests, preserved to the purpose of scientific investigation and preservation. We focused on the palms Attalea maripa and Astrocaryum aculeatum, the first naturally abundant and the second rare at the Pinkaití, attempting to establish comparisons between the two species, whenever possible. The Pinkaití, like other seasonally dry forests, have great heterogeneity in forest structure and composition, associated with biotic characteristics of the most important tree species, natural disturbance and history of land-use. The palm grove, moderately dominated by the arborescent palm Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart., presented high tree species diversity and was floristically similar to undisturbed forests at the study site. Despite being superficially similar, the palms A. maripa and A. aculeatum are distinct in the structure and development of their stem. The samples of A. maripa stem were more homogeneous in density than those of A. aculeatum, both from the internal to the external, and from the lower to the upper parts of the stem. Field estimates of stem growth rates revealed that A. maripa growth is also more constant through development in height. Short A. aculeatum palms had faster growth rates than A. maripa, as they get taller, stem growth rates are reduced and approach A. maripa rates. The difference could explain the numerical advantage of A. maripa over A. aculeatum at the typically open seasonally dry Amazonian forest. Advantage, which is probably reverted in favor of A. aculeatum at the dense forests of Central and Western Amazon. The study of A. maripa palms distribution in relation to forest disturbance suggests that, both natural and anthropic disturbance affects favorably their occurrence. However, due to the long time of palms development in relation to ordinary scientific research, the study of the importance of forest disturbance to the development of arborescent palms must consider the historical perspective and explicit variations of palms distribution across the landscape. The seeds of A. aculeatum are substantially larger that those of A. maripa and carry more reserves to the embryo. The study of the seed rain of both species, based in the seedling distribution patterns in relation to reproductive adults contradict general patterns among Angiosperms as, at the considered scale, the seeds of A. aculeatum, larger, were more homogeneously dispersed than the seeds of A. maripa. The result can be explained by the seed dispersal services paid by scatterhoarding caviomorph rodents (agoutis, Dasyprocta aguti). The rodents apparently prefer the nutrient richer seeds of A. aculeatum, being more efficient disperser to this palm, if compared with their behavior towards A. maripa, which pays smaller bites for the seed dispersal service. Hypotheses for the maintenance of tropical forest tree diversity were tested with a system that includes the palm Attalea maripa, the beetle Pachymerus cardo and vertebrate predators of large seeds in a palm patch and its adjacent forest in Southeastern Amazon. Seed predation was affected by host-specificity degree of the animals involved. Seed survivorship depended on the distance from the palm-patch but was unrelated to distance from individual fruiting palms. The result presented in the data chapters of this thesis suggests that the proposed model is appropriate and that its study is rewarding to the understating of the importance of large arborescent palms on the dynamics of seasonally dry Amazonian forests. As a result, highlights their role as tools for the environmental reconstitution in a likely future of larger scale deforestation in the Amazon.
Ictiofauna do arquipélago de currais (Paraná - Brasil): complexidade estrutural dos costões rochosos e análise comparativa com um módulo recifal artificial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-07)
Pinheiro, Pedro Carlos
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
With the purpose of analyzing the ictiofauna of the natural environment of the Archipelago of Currais, located in the coast paranaense, and of an artificial reef installed in the proximities of the islands, the different studies were developed presented in the form of four chapters. The chapter I had as objective describes the space variation in the distribution and abundance of fish among four zones geomorphologics of the rocky islands of the archipelago and in the artificial module. The most abundant families were Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae, Sparidae and Labrisomidae. The similarity analysis between the abundance and the areas showed that were not significant the differences for the slabs and shelf and the module recifal. The depth and exhibition degree to the agitated sea were the variables responsible physics for the heterogeneity of the abundances of the species in the areas of the outlying shore, slabs and shelf, windward rocky and module recifal. The differences in equitability terms and wealth of species can be due to the same variables. The inverse analysis showed that were few characteristic species in each grouping, therefore the differences among the areas seem to contemplate to the dominance of certain species. The categories dominant trophics were planktophagous and herbivores, which were significantly different among the areas. In the most shallow areas (slabs and shelf) and with high exhibition to the conditions of the sea (windward barrier reef) the herbivores and omnivorous prevailed, while in the deep ones (module recifal, windward rocky and sharp crags) the most abundant were the planktophagous. The carnivores showed significant differences among the protected areas (slabs and shelf). In the chapter II the variation nictemeral of the three rocky islands was just approached of the archipelago. The quali-quantitative results showed the distribution width and partition of niches among the species. The significant differences observed among the samplings of the day and night were evident due to the largest number of species captured during the night, moment of the cycle in that appeared represented all of the species found in the work. In the samplings of the day, they were significantly more abundant the species Anisotremus surinamensis, A. virginicus, Holocentrus ascensionis and Stegastes fuscus, while the night ones were characterized by the presence of species active predadors as Serranus flaviventris, Lutjanus analis, Cynoscion jamaicensis, Haemulon steindachneri, Abudefduf saxatilis, Diplodus argenteus, Mycteroperca bonaci and Epinephelus adscensionis. The species that allowed to differentiate the habitats of the day and night were practically the same ones, what demonstrated the great space heterogeneity that it presents the ictiofauna associated to the environments of the archipelago. The chapter III treated of the analysis trophic of the sparid Archosargus rhomboidalis relating with the aspects of the habitat use and predation in one of the islands of the archipelago (Grapirá) and the module recifal. The variation source observed among the two areas sampling presented significant differences among the times of the year. In the Isla Grapirá the most important preys in the autumn were the ascids and the amphipods, while in the winter and spring they were the amphipods. In the area of the artificial reefs, macroalgae and algae were more important in the summer, algae and hydrozoans in the autumn, algae and briozoans in the winter, and copepods harpacticoids and amphipods gammarids in the spring. A. rhomboidalis can be considered a species generalist euriphagic that feeds of a wide spectrum of preys. In the chapter IV the recruitment in the module recifal was analyzed by the categorization of the lengths of the most abundant species. The ictiofauna was analyzed along the temporary gradient with the objective of evaluating the efficiency of the attractiveness or of the productivity of the recruitment of fish. The results indicated that there were not significant differences in the qualitative and quantitative contribution of individual subadults or juvenile late for long periods in the time in the module recifal. The structure seems to work as atrator and concentrator of adult fish coming from close rocky bottoms. The factors that could determine the character attractive-concentrador for adult individuals it was the structural drawing and the geographical location where the module recifal was implanted. The originating from larval flow the masses of water of the Continental Platform and of the Bay of Paranaguá seemingly doesn't favor the larval establishment and the recruitment in the module recifal.
A evangelização carismática católica na universidade: o "sonho" do Grupo de Oração Universitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-08)
Gabriel, Eduardo
;
Freston, Paul Charles
The study carried by this research shows the main religious strengthens in the charismatic catholic protestant dynamic in the university. The responsible group for this protestant activity is Grupo de Oração Universitário GOU (University Pray Group) which has as national organization Projeto Universidades Renovadas PUR (Renewed Universities Project) as one of the ministries of Renovação Carismática Católica RCC (Catholic Charismatic Renewal) in Brazil. In the beginning of 1990 a charismatic student from Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Federal University of Viçosa), said to have had a dream of seeing the university full of Jesus doctrine while he was praying in his bedroom. At Seara of 94 (Viçosa RCC Carnival Camp), he organized a seminary named RCC and University where he showed the pray groups first ideas in the university. This is the initial landmark of the Grupo de Oração Universitário, which are presented all over the country with more than 700 GOUs in a lot of private and public universities, and it is already present in some Latin American countries. This current research tries to describe the social meaning of these protestant Dreams in the academic environment and the consequent religious power disputes which are produced inside RCC. It must be detached that GOU has been a notable space for the charismatic universities socialization and also has provided specialized majored people to the RCC communities.
Análise do controle motor após treino em esteira com suporte parcial de peso corporal em pacientes com hemiplegia crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-08)
Abrahão, Fabiana
;
Mattioli, Rosana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5694498670428619
Several are the pathologies that induce functional Inbalance, leading to a constant for search for different rehabilitation techniques. One of the most common sequels is the hemiparesia that causes a functional damage, turning the stroke patients one of the principal focuses for the rehabilitation in the area. Therefore the aim of the present research was evaluate the motor control and analyze the increase of the frequency of sessions in the gait training treadmill with body weight support (BWS) in chronic hemiparesis stroke patients. Patients followed an A-B-A design with treadmill training with BWS five times for three weeks (stage A) and treadmill training with BWS three times for three weeks (stage B). The recordings were accomplished in the beginning and in the end of each stage. The collected data were temporal-spatial variables, functional activities through Rivermead test, electromyographics signs of the dorsiflexion and plantar flexion muscular groups of the ankle and electrogoniometry of the dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle. Eight subjects concluded the experiment. Three patients had better outcomes after 5 times a week treatment, two patients showed improvement only when the treatment was performed 3 times a week, two patients improved gait variables independent of the training frequency and one not improved at all. The analysis of the electromyographics signs and of the data electrogonimetrics didn't allow any relationship with the performance level of the patients. Based on the reslts of the present studies we suggest that, the treadmill training with BWS comes as an effective method for the functional recovery and that it reflects in motor activities that improved activities of daily living. The increase of the frequency of sessions not necessarily reflects in an increase of the motor control, in the largest part of the patients.
Economia de comunhão: uma mudança cultural e política na construção do princípio da reciprocidade nas relações econômicas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-12)
Leite, Kelen Christina
;
Freston, Paul Charles
This study analyzes the Economy of Communion (EdC), a Project of social-economic character that is born from the Movement of the Focolares, a civil and ecclesial movement. Actually, the EdC meets dispersed for about 40 countries involving almost 800 companies. For understanding the EdC phenomenon is necessary will be situated in the context of crisis and reorganization of the capitalism, that it gains importance with the consequences of the inadequate neo-liberal politics to resolution social economic questions from ninety years. It is intensified, from ninety years, in Brazil and in retaken world one of that if it stipulated to call of Solidary Economy, this is not solution of all the problems, one understand that it can contribute in the orientation for public politics worried about the equity. One still search, from the debate of the peculiarities of the EdC to point out it in the core of the called Civil Economy.
Influência de solutos intersticiais em nióbio e ligas nióbio-zircônio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-20)
Silva Junior, Paulo Sergio da
;
Florêncio, Odila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9659972316642270
Metals of body-centered cubic structure that contain heavy interstitial solutes, such as oxygen and nitrogen in solid solution, present anelastic relaxation peaks when submitted to cyclic tensions, due to the process called stress-induced ordering. In this work were analyzed Nb and Nb-1%Zr polycrystalline samples with different concentrations of interstitial solutes, for distinct experimental conditions, where the effect of content of oxygen element in the anelastic relaxation spectra was studied. Internal friction and oscillation frequency measurements was a function of temperature were performed in a Kê-type inverted torsion pendulum, which work in oscillation frequencies of 1 Hz to 10Hz, operating in a temperature range of 300 K to 650 K with a heating rate of 1K/min, under a pressure lower than 4 x 10¡6 Torr. We observe which for lower concentrations of the interstitial solutes oxygen and nitrogen in Nb the preferential occupation of the interstitial sites is the octahedral type. With the increase of the interstitial solute oxygen the internal friction peak associated to interstitial oxygen presence for Nb sample introduced a asymmetric broadening and a shifting for high temperature regions, this phenomenon due to double occupation of the interstitial sites in BCC lattice of the niobium. The presence of substitutional element Zr affect the random distribution of the interstitial solutes, not being observed anelastic relaxation structure for interstitial impurities concentration lower which the double concentration of the concentration of the substitutional element.
O uso do ERP (enterprise resource planning) e seu impacto na gestão de suprimentos em empresas da indústria de alimentos processados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-22)
Souza, Ludmila Cerqueira
;
Alves, Maria Rita Pontes Assumpção
In the past two decades, the manufacture companies have been faced significant changes in their business area, and the most evident and important was occurred in productive, organizational, technological and financial forms. The configuration of this new scenario demanded of the companies the capacity to modify its operational and productive concepts, in order to survive in an environment of high competitive pressure. In this context, importance of the use of tools is distinguished it that assist and speed the decision making, contributing for the increase of the competitiveness of the company. So, it is convenient that these tools make possible the complete access to information in all the parts and for all in the company, as the proposal of the ERP (enterprise resource planning) systems. The effective use of this system allows the company to integrate its managerial process in different internal functions, providing to productive improvement, minimizing waste and costs in the production process. Parallel, as a second factor comes gaining importance in the companies is the supply management. Forty to sixty per cent of the sale value of the non durable products is related to raw materials. Therefore, a relatively little cost reductions in the acquisition of materials can give a great impact on the company s profit. The objective of this research is to verify how the use of ERP helps the supply management in food industry companies that use sugar as a raw material. The carried through research is of qualitative nature, where a bibliographical survey on the subjects was elaborated, supply management, ERP systems and food industry, followed by explanatory case studies in three companies of food industry in the São Paulo State. It can be concluded that the ERP supports the operational and managerial activities related to supply management in the researched companies, mainly when the company consider the purchase function as a competitive resource. It was observed, however, that its functionalities aren t totally used by the researched companies.
Estratégias para a determinação de minoxidil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-25)
Sousa, Rogério Adelino de
;
Cavalheiro, Éder Tadeu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4745280891704797
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0037305904937204
Methods for the determination of minoxidil in commercial samples are presented. The minoxidil is a pharmaceutical whose dilation blood vessel property is used in the treatment of the Arterial Hypertension and in the treatment of the Alopecia Areata. Two commercial samples were analyzed, the Regaine® (Pharmacia, U.S.A.) and the Neoxidil® (Galderma, Brazil) both are solutions of topical use containing 2% of minoxidil (20 mg mL-1) in a mixture of ethanol and propilenoglicol as vehicle. Four proposals for the determination of minoxidil in commercial samples were considered. The first one was the titrimetric determination of minoxidil in pharmaceutical formulations using potassium permanganate in which it was possible to quantify the amount of minoxidil in the commercial samples by classical titration. In other method it was used a spectrophotometric titration for the determination of minoxidil in pharmaceutical formulations using potassium permanganate, in which the decrease in the absorbance at 550 nm. The third method was the use of the flow injection analysis (FIA) for the determination of minoxidil in pharmaceutical formulations using potassium permanganate as redox reagent, in which the decrease of the absorbance of the carrying potassium permanganate solution in acidic media was monitored spectrophotometricaly at 550 nm under controlled temperature at 50 OC. Finally it was considered a method that consists in a potenciometric titration of minoxidil with potassium dichromate, in which the potential difference between is monitored a platinum electrode (working) and a saturated calomel electrode (reference) at 60 OC.
Processamento viscoplástico e conformação cerâmica por rolos a frio a partir de suspensões concentradas de alumina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-27)
Pardo, Arturo Rodrigo Ferreira
;
Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
Plastic forming, followed by roll-pressing, allows to shape ceramic bodies with thickness that are useful for electronic and pavement ceramics. This work introduces an alternative route to processing ceramic plastic mixes. The first step comprehended the selection of suitable raw materials with the aim of assure the best packing of particles, followed by decreased porosity and water consumption. Theoretical porosity of distinct calcined alumina was calculated with data obtained by measuring some properties of the raw materials: density (picnometry), specific surface area and particle size determination by the sedimentation technique. Deflocculants with distinct molecular design and plasticizer adequate to the route proposed were selected. The proposed route involved processing a ceramic suspension as most concentrated as possible with pseudo plastic rheological behavior. This behavior was determined by viscosimetry of the suspension. Alumina plastic mix was processed by mixing an alumina suspension using a mechanical mixer, followed by adding the plasticizer with a helix mixer and finally became homogeneous by knife milling. Drying and firing settings were chosen with the aim of avoid thermal stresses that would damage the ceramic bodies. Rheological behavior of plastic mixes was also measured. Physical, mechanical and microestrutural characteristics of the ceramic bodies were also measured after roll forming. The influence of some processing parameters was also evaluated: roll velocity, thickness of the ceramic bodies and de-airing of plastic mix. Results allowed deducing that viscoplastic processing is an interesting alternative, low cost one, of forming ceramic substrates with low water (12% wt) and organic additive (2% wt) content.
Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para determinação de Cu, Cr e As utilizando microeletrodos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-27)
Zimer, Alexsandro Mendes
;
Mascaro, Lucia Helena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0191836345044086
Using carbon fiber microelectrode modified with a film of Hg. The employed techniques were differential pulse voltammetry coupled to the adsorptive cathodic stripping for the As and Cr and the differential pulse voltammetry with anodic stripping for the Cu. The film of Hg on carbon fiber was obtained in the potential of -1,2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) from a mercury nitrate solution 10 mmol L-1 with 1,0 mol L-1 of KNO3 and pH 1,0. The behavior voltammetry of the microelectrodes with and without film of Hg they were tested in potassium hexacianoferrate solution. The metals were analyzed individually in a first stage. In this case the pre-concentration time was of 60 s, in the potentials of -0.7 V for Cu2+ and -0.4 V for As3+ and Cr3+ and the electrolyte was KCl 1.0 mol L-1. Other step involved is the simultaneous determination of these metals, where a pre-concentration was made in -0.4 V by 60 s with cathodic sweep in KCl 1.0 mol L-1. In these experiments it was possible the determination of Cu2+ and of the species As5+. According to the literature As5+ is no eletroactive in the cathodic sweep, being necessary her reduction for detection for electrochemistry techniques. However, in this work a stripping peak was observed, in a cathodic sweep in the potential of -1,2 V, when only this species was added. These results showed that in the studied conditions, the species As5+ can be analyzed by electrochemistry techniques. Other experiments, with the addition of an agent reducer, Na2S2O4 and Cu2+ were performed for the determination of As5+ in the reduced form, in other words, like As3+. The interaction among the species of interest was also evaluated and it was observed that the determination of the pairs of As/Cu and Cr/Cu was possible, but there was interference if As was added with Cr. For all analyzed species, separately or together, the values obtained for the recovery factor, the detection limit and the quantification limit showed that the methodology can be employed in the determination of the species of interest. A test was accomplished for Cu and Ass in wood samples treated with cromated copper arsenate (CCA), and it was obtained a good correlation when it is compared with the results obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy and pulse polarography techniques.
Estimativas ótimas para certos teoremas generalizados de Borsuk-Ulam e Ljusternik-Schnirelmann
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-28)
Amaral, Fabíolo Moraes
;
Barros, Tomas Edson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5442017085057925
The classic Theorems of Borsuk-Ulam and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann have many generalizations, among which we point out that given by C. Schupp [12] and H. Steinlein [14]. Schupp generalizes the Borsuk-Ulam Theorem by replacing the Z2-free action on the n-sphere by a Zp-free action, where p is any prime number. In the generalization of the Ljusternik-Schnirelmann Theorem maden by Steinlein, the n-sphere is replaced by a normal space M on which Zp acts freely. We explore in this dissertation the subsequent results of Steinlein [15] in which is proved that the estimates of the Schupp s Theorem are the best possible and the estimates for the Steinlein s Theorem can be improved in certain cases, furthermore a sort of converse of the Steinlein Theorem is valid. The concept of genus of a Zp-space is fundamental for these theorems and the genus of the n-sphere is n + 1 independently of the prime number and the Zp-free action on Sn. We realize that the method employed in the proof on this result can be used to estimate an upper bound for the genus of a topological n-manifold that admits a Zp-free action.
Estudo do desempenho de um alimentador de sólidos tipo válvula-L de pequeno diâmetro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-07-29)
Feltran, Marina de Barros
;
Ferreira, Maria do Carmo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
A controlled and uniform solids feeding in process equipment is important for a good performance operation, and distinct work conditions may be obtained depending on the feeding systems characteristics. In this work, a solids feeding system was studied aiming to have its performance characterized and analyzed. The solids feeder is a non-mechanical valve known as L-valve. The experimental apparatus used in this study is composed by an acrylic L-valve with a 23 mm inner diameter and a vertical pneumatic conveying line, made of stainless steel with 23 mm inner diameter and 1,90 m length. The equipment have altogether 18 pressure taps distributed along of it, two orificeplate flow meters to measure the air flow rates and the aeration flow rates, and a sample collector to measure the solids flow rates. In this work were used glass spheres with average diameters ranging from 260 µm to 1 mm. The measurements of solids flow rates, air flow rates, and pressure profiles allowed the solids feeder characterization and the analysis of its performance in conveying operation. The runs accomplished with the L-valve operating isolatedly showed different flow patterns depending on aeration flow rate range and indicated that the particle diameter influences the minimum aeration flow rate required to conveying. The runs with L-valve operating in pneumatic conveying line showed the same tendencies of solids flow rates and pressure drops in L-valve that those obtained in L-valve characterization runs. The operation with 23 mm diameter inner L-valve was more efficient for smaller diameter particles.
Efeito do SiC na microestrutura e propriedades de rolos cerâmicos de Al2O3/mulita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-01)
Faria, Júlio César de
;
Kiminami, Ruth Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643216999108223
This dissertation discusses the effect of the addition of silicon carbide (SiC) on the microstructure and properties of Al2O3/mullite ceramic rolls obtained by the extrusion process. The purpose of adding SiC was to render the material more heat-resistant without affecting its mechanical properties, thereby increasing the range of the end product s industrial applications. The starting materials used here were the commercial powders used by Refratários Paulista Indústria e Comércio Ltda in its production of Al2O3/mullite ceramic rolls, and the addition of SiC resulted in Al2O3/mullite/SiC products with higher thermal shock resistance, and greater mechanical strength and heat resistance. The consistency of the mass and the extrusion samples were carefully controlled to maintain the characteristics of constant flow. The processed samples were structurally characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to determine their thermal expansion coefficient, apparent density and porosity, flexural strength, and resistance to thermal shock. The industrial performance of Al2O3/mullite/SiC ceramic rolls and their thermal shock resistance were compared with samples of Al2O3/mullite ceramic rolls.
Impactos do EDI e da Internet na logística de empresas da indústria de alimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-02)
Ferreira, Karine Araújo
;
Alves, Maria Rita Pontes Assumpção
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7007815940337701
Operations management in the global economy has induced food industry s companies to promote a productive reorganization which can be verified by the technological, organizational and commercial changes in their activities. The adoption of integrated logistics contributes to cost reduction and flexibility gains in means of outputs production and circulation. Information sharing amongst companies and their business partners makes possible the coordination of new forms of relationships and their efficient logistical management. Several information and communication technologies have presented wide use in logistics, such as the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and the Internet, both being analyzed in this work. These technologies support the decisionmaking process of technical and organizational relationships between the productive actors, through fast and form-requested information exchange. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the impacts carried through EDI and Internet s usage as a follow-up framework related to the performance and organization of sweet-foodprocessing companies logistical activities, aiming the electronic information exchange with their partners of the immediate chain. Nevertheless, three logistical activities are evaluated in this work: transport, inventory management and order processing; being the first two responsible for logistics cost and the last one representing the most timeconsuming activity in order cycles. The theoretical basis of this analysis was encrusted with bibliographical revisions of related subjects, such as: Logistics, Information System, Communication and Information Technology, EDI, Internet and Food Industry. The empirical research was carried through three case-studies within the candy food s companies. The results shed light on how the logistical activities are organized into companies supplying and physical distribution areas, as well as the reasons and willingness for EDI and Internet s adoption on certain activities and their overall benefits. Several results from using electronic information exchange to coordinate and improve logistics activities were verified, such as: better knowledge of transport planning and vehicles programming; better inventory visibility; greater agility in the reception and order processing; errors, cycle time and additional freights reduction.
Proposta de metodologia para elaboração de carta de conflito de uso baseado em banco de dados geográfico como subsídio à gestão territorial aplicada no município de Poços de Caldas - MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-02)
Mendonça, Misael de
;
Lorandi, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
This work presents the research plan the methodology proposal for implementation of the Use Conflit Chart based on geographical database, as a subsidy to the territorial administration based on study of case of the Municipal district of Poços de Caldas MG. The application of the dynamic cartography, obtained through operations on maps the use of Geographic Information Systems, using attributes collected in order to represent all the municipal territorial extension, objectives to make possible the constant charts update with the new attributes implementation, supplying an up-to-date contribution for the territorial administration. The final Use Conflit Chart, obtained with the proposed described in this work, is a product of the procedures guided by a methodological flow data acquisition and operations using maps algebra techniques.