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Proposta de metodologia para a melhoria contínua: o processo e a gestão.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-19) Freitas, Paulo Augusto de Santos; Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
Organization s management has been sharply developed towards convergent policies, where some core principles are recognized as definitive in the many different managerial approaches, among them process s management, PDCA as method for management, human resources development and continuous improvement (CI). Organization s CI efforts have shown many expressive unsuccessful cases both of implementation and of long term sustaining and evolution. One possible explanation for it is the fact the organizations have not managed CI as a process. For this reason, we focused this work in the issue CI process and its management. Revision of the issue has led us to think that CI, when considered as a process, can be managed towards result s maintaining or improving having as basis the PDCA method for management. And that, among the many bundles of causes acting and producing effects on the CI process s results, the human resources bundle plays a main role by means of developing behaviors connected to CI on organization s people. Those behaviors shared by people and spread out in the organization begin to build up an organization s ability on CI. Inside the issue s revision, we had the perception that organizations can grow by developing stages, also called CI s maturity levels , by means of which organizations have an evolution towards CI capability, also understood as the organization s ability of gaining strategic advantage when expanding innovation to a significant part of organization. This work aims to propose CI management methodologies giving support to managers, expanding CI management context beyond the usage of tools and result s monitoring to include elements related to developing maturity to deal with CI. The proposed methodologies aim to demonstrate CI as a process and its management equal to any other process that can be deployed in managerial actions to maintain and to improve the current results. In managing for maintaining results the goal may be to reach the effectiveness in CI, and when managing for improving results the goal may be the organization s evolution towards CI capability. This work has been developed from the revision of bibliography and may be classified as theoretical research, using aspects of logic and science s philosophy to build up the arguments supporting its proposals. Key words: continuous improvement, production improvement, quality improvement.
Refatoração de sistemas Java utilizando padrões de projeto: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-19) Rapeli, Leide Rachel Chiusi; Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
This dissertation presents a study case on object-oriented systems refactoring. Systems developed according to the object-oriented paradigm may contain reusable code, even though not always have been designed for it. Systems maintenance is not an easy task, even for object-oriented systems. Software design patterns favour the implementation of efficient solutions for recurrent problems, easing reusability and maintainability. In cases of systems not designed using design patterns, it is possible to refactor the system using them, without altering the system functionality. This prospective study refers to the search for guidelines to help the software engineer to conduct this type of refactoring. For that purpose, seven systems implemented in Java, that were available in the Web, have been used. The study has three phases: the first refers to existing system functionality and class model recovery; so that, in the second phase, applicable software design patterns can be implemented; and the class model previously obtained can be updated with the software design patterns applied. In the third phase, the new system functionality is verified by tests, to confirm that the conducted refactoring has not altered it. The refactored system usually presents an increase in the LOC number, but becomes more maintainable due to better structuring and cohesion. Reuse is also eased. One restriction of this research is that the case study has been conducted only for small-scale information systems.
Contribuição relativa do cálcio extracelular e do retículo sarcoplasmático para o desenvolvimento de força de contração cardíaca de jeju, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-19) Zanon, Jacqueline Aparecida Ratto; Kalinin, Ana Lúcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
The present study anlyzed the in vivo and in vitro responses of the ventricular myocardium obtained from Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus acclimated and tested at 25 ºC. The in vivo heart rate (fH bpm) was obtained (ECG recordings at lead DI of the electrocardiography) from electrodes inserted at cardiac region. Recordings of the isometric contraction force (Fc %) and time-dependent parameters (TPT time to peak tension; THR time to half relaxation) were obtainded in vitro from ventricle strips electrically paced in response to changes in stimulation frequency, extracelular Ca2+ and adrenaline concentrations, and ryanodine (blocker of the sarcoplasmic reticulum SR). The species presented resting fH values of 29.3 ± 0.31 bpm. The increase in twitch force following addition of crescent Ca2+ concentrations to the medium evidenced the importance of the extracellular Ca2+ for the heart contraction. Significant changes in the time-dependent parameters after increments in the Ca2+ extracellular concentration were not recorded. The post rest tension was analyzed with and without addition of 10 µM ryanodine to the medium. A significant post rest potentiation was recorded for the control preparations (100 to 168.3 ± 11.44 %). However, this post rest potentiation was inhibited by ryanodine (100 to 108.6 ± 4.7 %). The impact of increases in the imposed contraction frequency caused a decline of Fc, TPT and THR in frequencies ≥ 0.4 Hz. During increases in frequency, the pre-treatment with ryanodine decreased force only at the highest frequency (38 % at 1.2 Hz), while TPT decreased at 0.6 Hz and THR remained constant. The combination of ryanodine and a tonic level of adrenaline (10-9 M) did not prevent the force decline as frequency was increased. Adrenergic stimulation with a high level of adrenaline (10-6 M) after pretreatment with ryanodine caused positive inotropy in a magnitude that ameliorated the negative inotropic effect of ryanodine. In conclusion, H. unitaeniatus seems to present well-developed intracellular stores of activator Ca2+, resembling those of mammals rather than of terrestrial ectothermic vertebrates. As a difference, this species also depends on extracellular sources of Ca2+ which provide more flexibility to modulate the contraction force.
Efeitos da temperatura e manejo do cálcio sobre o miocárdio ventricular do teleosteo neotropical Prochilodus lineatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-19) Costa, Telma Aparecida; Kalinin, Ana Lúcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
The present study anlyzed the in vivo and in vitro responses of the myocardium obtained from Prochilodus lineatus acclimated at 25 ºC and tested at 25 and 35 ºC. The in vivo heart rate (fH bpm) was measured during acute transitions in temperature and subsequent return to 25º C. ECG recordings (lead DI of the electrocardiography) were obtained of electrodes at cardiac region. Recordings of the isometric contraction force (Fc %) and time-dependent parameters (TPT time to peak tension; THR time to half relaxation) were obtainded in vitro from ventricle rings electrically paced in response to stimulation frequency, temperature, extracelular Ca2+, adrenaline and ryanodine (blocker of the sarcoplasmic reticulum SR). The species showed a significant increase in the fH during the transition from 25 to 35º C, showing the importance of the chronotropic adjustments in response to thermal alterations and a great tolerance and adaptation to different thermal conditions. The species did show significant decreases in the twitch force (Fc) development by the ventricular strips during the increases of temperature. The addition of crescent Ca2+ concentrations to the medium evidenced the importance of the extracellular Ca2+ as showed by the Fc increases at both 25 and 35º C. Concomitant increases in in TPT and THR here recorded at 25 ºC while at 35º C, such increases were observed only in TPT. Adrenaline caused positive inotropism only at 35º C, without effect on time-dependent parameters. The post rest tension was conducted with and without 10 µM ryanodine in the medium. A significant post rest potentiation was recorded for at 25 and 35o C These post rest potentiations were inhibited by ryanodine. The impact of increases in the imposed contraction frequency caused a decline of the force and an increase in resting tension (RT) at both temperatures. In conclusion, an important fraction of the activator Ca2+ in P. lineatus seems to derive from intracellular stores (RS). However, this species also depends on extracellular sources of Ca2+, which provide more flexibility to modulate the contraction force.