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Efeitos de um programa de atividade física e do laser de baixa intensidade no fêmur de ratas osteopênicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-09) Renno, Ana Cláudia Muniz; Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-power laser therapy (LLLT), infrared 830 nm, used in two doses, on femora of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Background data: Osteoporosis has recently been recognized as a major public health problem. Based on the stimulatory effects of LLLT on proliferation of bone cells, we hypothesized that LLLT would be efficient to improve bone mass in OVX rats. Methods: It was used 60 females animals, divided into 6 groups: sham-operated control (SC), OVX control (OC); sham-operated irradiated with the dose of 120 J.cm-2 (I120), OVX irradiated with the dose of 120 J.cm-2 (O120); sham-operated irradiated with the dose of 60 J.cm-2 (I60) and OVX irradiated with the dose of 60 J.cm-2(O60). Animals were operated at the age of 90 day-old. Laser irradiation initiated 8 weeks after operation and it was performed 3 times a week, during 2 months. Femora were submitted to a biomechanical test and to a physical properties evaluation. Results:Maximal load of O120 did not show difference when compared with SC and I120 and it was higher than the O60 group. Wet weight, dry weight and bone volume of O60 and O120 did not show any difference when compared with SC. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that LLLT had beneficial effects on established osteopenia in OVX rats, mainly at the dose of 120 J.cm-2. However, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of different parameters, wavelengths and sessions of applications on OVX rats.
Modelo de referência para estruturar o programa de qualidade seis sigma: proposta e avaliação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-09) Santos, Adriana Barbosa; Martins, Manoel Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
With the growth of customer demand level, at last two decades it appeared quality improvement approach focusing customer satisfaction as the way to the organizations improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their processes. Though this, to get their aim, it was necessary broke some paradigms; to stimulate creativity; to innovate; to intensify the effort to reduce processes variation; and above all to assume customer satisfaction in all operations as a priority. Six Sigma approach has been solidifying as an efficient alternative to organizational growth on the strength of quality levels elevation. But, how can we define Six Sigma? Making a theoretical and conceptual research several definitions founded in literature were rescued and examined with purpose to compose a broader definition which translates better Six Sigma meaning. About structure of Six Sigma Quality Program (PQSS), this thesis became as a link between theory and practice when it aided others theories to Six Sigma context and when it used empirical subsidies to identify and evaluate the essential components to structure the PQSS. The empirical subsidies were obtained from qualitative research (case studies) involving four Brazilian subsidiaries of American multinational companies. After to analyze the empirical evidences, it was possible to formalize a set of arguments to purpose a Reference Model to structure the PQSS. This model is sustained by the followings components: strategic orientation; statistical thinking; performance measurement; Six Sigma methodology; and people graduation and qualification. To evaluate the Reference Model it was developed a quantitative research based in Green belts, Black belts and Master Black belts information. Statistical results showed that each one of these components has a meaningful relevance to compose the minimal structure to the PQSS. As principal conclusions this thesis highlights: (1) the PQSS as an integrator program of strategic and operational objectives; (2) strategic orientation and alignment are fundamental to define Six Sigma projects; (3) the use of performance measures increases the potential of Six Sigma projects; (4) its not clear for many specialists that statistical thinking is a background to PQSS; (5) Six Sigma projects are catalysts of a system which uses these projects to reflect it strategic orientation and customer focus importance to get measurable results; and (6) the Reference Model can be valid and can be utilized to structure or re-structure the PQSS implementation.
Efeitos do peso adicional nos chutes espontâneos de lactentes nos primeiros dois meses de vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-09) Landgraf, Jocelene de Fátima; Tudella, Eloisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
This study aimed to characterize the spontaneous kicking patterns in 1-and-2-monthold infants, as well as verify whether the extra weight of 1/10 and 1/3 of the leg mass can modify such patterns. Eight infants were longitudinally recorded in supine at 1 and 2 months of age. The experiment lasted six minutes and twenty seconds, and was subdivided into five conditions: (1) training: the examiner put the infants right foot, then their left foot, and finally their feet simultaneously on a board three times running in order to make them raise the board and start the mobile. (2) Baseline: while kicking, the infants used their feet to raise the board and start the mobile; (3) Extra Weight 1: the same as the baseline condition, but with the weight of 1/10 of the leg mass on the ankle; (4) Extra Weight 2: The same as the baseline condition, but with the weight of 1/3 of the leg mass on the ankle; (5) Post-weight: the same as the baseline condition. Frequency of kicking, frequency of feet contact with the board when starting the mobile, uni and bipodal movements, and lateralization were verified by analyzing the images. In order to analyze intralimb coordination pattern, kicking duration, mean velocity, and straightness index, the kinematic analysis was applied by using the Dvideow System 6.3. The Chi-Square test indicated a significant increase in the frequency of kicking at 2 months and in the conditions of extra weight 1 and postweight. The frequency of feet-contact with the board decreased in the condition of extra weight 2, and increased at 2 months. Unilateral kicking was predominant in all the conditions and ages, and infants showed no preference for either leg. The Kruskal- Wallis test indicated no significant differences in the intralimb coordination pattern among the conditions or ages. However, hip-knee correlation was shown to be high, indicating that these articulations are in-phase when kicking. The ANOVA for repeated measures showed no significant differences in kicking duration, mean velocity, and straightness index. In summary, kinematic variables were not altered with extra weight or increased age. Therefore, it is possible to suggest that the infants changed the frequency of kicking at 1 and 2 months of age due probably to intrinsic factors (e.g. increased mass and muscle strength, infants behavioral state, maturation of the Central Nervous System) and extrinsic factors (e.g. interest in interacting with the environment and performing the proposed tasks). Furthermore, the infants spontaneous kicking was influenced by the stimulation of the proprioceptive system when bearing the extra weight of 1/10 of their leg mass.