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Behaviorismo radical e subjetividade.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-10) Lopes, Carlos Eduardo; Abib, José Antônio Damásio
In radical behaviorism, subjectivity is studied, generally speaking, in terms of the theory of private events. The theory of private events has its roots in the problem of accessibility in the thesis, that is, that a person has privileged access to certain events that occur under his skin (privacy). If we examine the origins of this thesis, we will find that it reaches radical behaviorism via the paths of dualism and logical positivism (through methodological behaviorism). However, if we interpret radical behaviorism on the basis of a relational metaphysics, the influence of dualism and logical positivism can be overlooked. This opens the possibility that radical behaviorism can do without the theory of private events. Nevertheless, if we abandon the theory of private events, what will be the consequence for of the study of subjectivity? The main objective of this work is to answer this question. Here, we uphold the thesis that the study of subjectivity in radical behaviorism, without reference to the theory of private events, can be fruitfully pursued. This can be achieved through the concepts of body and world , and through the construction of a theory of the self compatible with radical behaviorism. Thus, this work seeks to offer an interpretation of radical behaviorism, based on a relational metaphysics, which separates subjectivity from privacy. This interpretation also considers the possibility of productive dialogues between radical behaviorism and other psychological and philosophical theories (such as James psychology, Gestalttheorie , and analytic philosophy). According to this interpretation, subjectivity is related to the products of discriminative verbal behavior (identified as the I). As this product depends on a verbal community (which arranges discriminative contingencies), subjectivity comes to be considered social. Moreover, the person-verbal community interface renders the defense of a pure subjectivity not viable, as well as that of an unmitigated objectivism. Because of this, radical behaviorism may be capable of deconstructing the objective-subjective debate: these terms are subordinated to the relation of behavior. It is concluded that the radical character of radical behaviorism is not due to its dealing with private events, but to the study of behavior without resorting to non-behavioral instances.
Comparação entre diferentes metodologias para detecção do limiar de anaerobiose durante exercício físico em cicloergômetro de homens saudáveis e com infarto do miocárdio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-10) Novais, Luciana Duarte; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
The objectives of this study were: to determine AT of healthy (HI) and coronary disease (CD) men by ventilatory visual method (gold standard) and by means of Hinkley statistical method applied to heart rate (HR), carbon dioxide output ( CO2) and surface electromyography (sEMG) root mean square (RMS) data, and to compare both methods in each studied group; to evaluate and to compare the heart rate variability (HRV) responses in resting supine and sitting positions in HI and CD groups; to compare the responses of cardiopulmonary and muscle variables between HI and CD groups at effort peak and at anaerobic threshold (AT); to correlate HRV indexes obtained in resting conditions to oxygen uptake ( O2) obtained at AT and at effort peak. Twenty middle-aged men were studied (10 HI and 10 CD), during three protocols: I) Cardiologic and clinical evaluations; II) Resting conditions: HR and R-R intervals (R-Ri, in ms) were collected during 900s in supine and sitting positions; III) Ergoespirometric test: the protocol consisted of 1 resting min, 4 min of warm-up and 15W/min increments until physical exhaustion or reaching maximum HR predicted by age. The ventilatory and metabolic variables were collected on a breath-by-breath basis, HR was collected on a beat-to-beat basis and vastus lateralis sEMG signal was collected all over the test. For the analysis of resting conditions (PII) RMSSD index of R-Ri (ms) was used for time domain data analysis; for frequency domain analysis, an auto-regressive model was used to obtain very low (VLF), low (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands; LF and HF bands were expressed as absolute and normalized units and as the LF/HF ratio. No statistically significant (p>0.05) interaction was found among the different groups and studied positions. In the exercise condition (PIII) AT determination was realized by gold standard method, identifying the loss of parallelism between O2 and CO2 responses, and by means of Hinkley statistical model applied to CO2, HR and sEMG RMS index, and the two methods were compared. The cardiopulmonary and muscles variables values at AT (gold standard) and at maximum effort were compared between the two studied groups. No significant differences were found among the different AT determination methods. In inter-groups analysis, significant differences were found in O2 (mlO2/kg/min), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen ( E/ O2) and for carbon dioxide ( E/ CO2) values at AT and at maximum effort and in O2 (ml/min) values at maximum effort. We found weak and median correlations between HRV indexes obtained in resting conditions and O2 obtained at AT and at effort peak. Although HRV is an important index of heart rate autonomic modulation evaluation, we concluded that we cannot use it to estimate aerobic power and capacity of these subjects, due to the weak correlations. IM individuals presented lower aerobic power and capacity in comparison to SA individuals, and the statistical model studied showed to be effective for determining AT in both groups age- and diseaseindependently, which allows the safe prescription of physical activity for healthy individuals as for individuals with old myocardial infarction.
Avaliação de um programa de comunicação alternativa e ampliada para mães de adolescentes com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-10) Walter, Catia Crivelenti de Figueiredo; Almeida, Maria Amélia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061818490832341
Considering the communication deficit and the behavior desorder as a symptom present in autism, it would be logic to rationalize that these factors are all interconnected. The literature has been showing that families, that have a familiar with autism, have difficulties using the methods of Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) with people with severe communication deficit. Therefore, the objective of this study was to apply and to analyze the effect of an AAC program in the context of a family that has a member with autism. The program named ProCAAF, was applied according to the real necessities of the families to establish an effective communication among their children according to the necessities presente in the family context. The study analyzed the effects of the the AAC application and recorded the communication behavior changes within family members and their children. There were 3 participants in this study: (Pfs), representing mothers and their respective children. (Pas), representing students diagnosed with autism with no verbal communication or functional speech. A multiple probe design accross the Pfs and Pas was employed to verify the the effects of the ProCAAF program and envolved two phases: baseline and intervention. The Pfs performance in the application of the AAC in the family context, was the independent variable of the study and the Pas performance in the utilization of CAA in the family context was the dependent variable. The quantitative data was analyzed through the level of support received from the Pfs during the application of the AAC offered by the researcher and by the performance of the Pfs soliciting their needs and desires utilizing the AAC. The results showed that the Pfs learned how to apply the AAC in the family context and achieved the communication priorities determined previously. Furthermore, significant changes in the communication behavior from the Pas occurred in relation to the request of the items non-present inside the houses and the expression of their feelings such as: pain and homesickness. The qualitative data was analyzed from the answers, which were obtained from a questionnaire applied pre and pos intervention period indicating significant change in relation to the communication ability of the Pas, such as: a reduction of the non desired behavior, clarity in communicative situations, increases in the communicative act. One of the Pas, was able to emit words with communicative function. The study concluded that the use of AAC in a family context corroborated to the benefits in the interpersonal relation with people with autism and it suggested new research and extension of the program in a different context.
Coordenação da qualidade em cadeias de produção de alimentos: análise de práticas adotadas por grandes empresas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-10) Monteiro, Simone Borges Simão; Toledo, José Carlos de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
In view of the demands established by the market for more adequacy to consumer needs and against the challenging competitiveness worldwide, companies are obliged to offer quality products with competitive prices. The products that arrive in the consumer market are the results of a series of activities in the production and supply chains. The coordination of such activities looks for, among other factors, to improve the quality of products, by means of an improved information flow among the chain links. Thus, this is one of the challenges found in the food production chains. Since coordination is an important factor to assure the quality of a productive chain, and because this is a relatively recent practice, the objective of the present work is to identify the degree of quality coordination in the food production chain, from the analyses of quality practices adopted by large companies in the segment of milk and derivatives, derivates of meat, oil and fat, juice and biscuit , in the sense of main raw-material suppliers and final distributors/consumers. Case studies were chosen as the research method, using semi-structured interview techniques as data collectors, by applying questionnaires in large-sized companies of the food segment previously mentioned, in main raw-material suppliers, as well as distributors and retail. An investigation concerning quality coordination was performed in the chains where such companies are incorporated, thus identifying and analyzing the adopted practices for this coordination As a result of the outcome, recommendations were elaborated to improve the activities of quality coordination in these chains. In a general manner, it is observed that the applied quality practices in retail by the processing companies are incipient, that is, the quality assurance activities are carried out by the processing companies until the center of distribution, and from the moment the products are shipped to retail, the responsibility for preserving quality is transferred to them. A lack of more vigorous activities by the processing companies was observed, in the sense of promoting formal auditing at the sales areas and also more governmental control regulation regarding sanitary aspects in retail, in order to guarantee preservation of the food products. Because refrigerated products are more perishable, they require more quality control than those that are not refrigerated, and, according to the research, these are the products that present more quality practices from and to the chain, with a higher degree of quality coordination.
Processamento do compósito LDPE/Al proveniente da reciclagem de embalagens cartonadas e desenvolvimento de suas modificações com fibras de madeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-10) Cerqueira, Mario Henrique de; Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
The urban solid waste problem has been one of the biggest environmental challenges these days. The solution to this problem lies in integrated waste management, the objective is to minimize volumes sent to landfills. Recycling is a big part of this waste management process which involves the reprocessing of materials to obtain alternative uses for these materials in every day life. One of the solid waste materials sent for recycling is the carton package, which is made of paper, polyethylene and aluminum. In conjunction with this, the search for new plastics compounds reinforced with cellulose fibers has been appointed as a market demand, thanks to the high number of possible applications of these materials, for instance, in the car manufacturing industry, civil construction, etc. In this study the modification of the low density polyethylene/aluminum from carton packages reinforced with cellulose fibers is investigated, and the addition of the grafted copolymer with maleic anhydride, acting as a compatibilizer, whose main target is to add value to the material produced, making them more attractive from a market point of view. Grafted copolymer was added to the LDPE/Al composite and the posterior extruded. Cellulose fibers, in different percentages and particle sizes, were mixed with the resulting material from the first extrusion, and the posterior extruded in sheets, with different properties and aspects. After processing, the obtained materials were applied to thermical and mechanical characterization, infrared spectroscopy and surface eletronic microscopy to verify the efficiency of the modifications. This research showed us that by increasing the cellulose fiber percentages in the generated composites incremented mechanical properties and thermical stability in comparison to the original composite, and indicated a subtle action of the compatibilizer in the used experimental conditions.