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O traçado das redes: etnografia dos grafiteiros e a sociabilidade na metrópole
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21) Ferreira, Lucas Tavares; Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
This dissertation presents a panorama of the graffiti s universe in São Paulo, analyzing the sociability between these street writers, know as grafiteiros , such as between these and other agents that are, some way, connected to the graffiti s webs. From de transgression in the streets, realized by the same way that the pixadores do, ways are throwing up, bringing professional perspectives, the entrance in art galleries and in the publicitary world, partners with public power and the graffiti s recognizing such a part of the contemporary urban imaginary. From historic elements, life s trajectories, the different techniques and styles, tensions and negotiations, this ethnography presents the graffiti s dynamics interacting through their webs, with spaces and the metropolis dinamism.
As percepções dos professores de Ciências e Biologia, atuantes em telessalas, no uso e no processo de leitura de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21) Sartorato, Eliana Giro; Hartwing, Dácio Rodney; http://plsql1.cnpq.br/sigef_imp/PRC_HIST_PROC?F_COD_RH=K4133268P3
In this work, we tried to think about the perceptions of science and biology teachers about the use of audio-visual resources, starting from the view of the specific reality from the Telecurso 2000 project. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted with the theorical referential presented at the second chapter from the current dissertation, taking as a base elements from Vygotsky s studies, in a historical and cultural perspective, and how it is inserted on the Semiotic field, as the research had the primordial hypothesis that the act of image reading is an important tool for the teaching and learning process. The major objective was to identify the teachers perspectives about the use and process of image reading, to describe how the activities that use the image are developed as well as to analyze these perspectives. For that, the starting point was the question: What are the perceptions of the active Science Teachers, in the used and process of image reading? . The chosen research method was an exploratory descriptive one, using questionnaires as the instruments for the data gathering. These questionnaires were specially done for these meanings and were given to active teachers of the Science and Biology Modules from the State Teaching System of São Paulo and from the SESI and SENAI systems. For the data analyzes, we proceed using the qualitative perspective way of research, being the answers grouped by topics and exposed in tables showing these topics which indicates the interviewed options by frequency and your percentual representation. According to the facts studied in this research our conclusions was that even if teachers considers the image as a pedagogic tool, presenting relevant and important of their aspects, there are still some major facts to be studied on the formation from the teachers regarding the audiovisual resources.
Fatores de risco e de proteção: um estudo de acompanhamento em pré-escolares com comportamentos agressivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21) Picado, Juliana da Rocha; Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de
The interest of studding aggressive behaviors in preschoolers was justified because of the evidences related to these children s tendency to follow through disruptive behaviors pathways, marked by academic problems, grade retention and school drop-out, approach with antisocial peers and improvement of antisocial behaviors. One known protective factor that seems to minimize these risk factors and tend to reduce aggressive behaviors is the development of positive relationships between teacher and child. This research intend to study 11 preschoolers, with 7 years old, that had been pointed, when they were 5 years, as presenting aggressive behaviors in high frequency and intensity. The objectives were 1) to characterize this group in aggressive behaviors, other behavior problems, academic skills and school adjustment; 2) to verify the stability of these behaviors along two years; 3) Identify possible risk factors in which these children are exposed; and 4) evaluate if the relationship between teachers and students contains protective elements. The instruments used with teachers were: Teacher's Report Form TRF, which evaluate externalizing and internalizing problems; the Academic Skills and School Adjustment Interview, and the Teacher's Relationship Interview. The mothers answered the Adverse Events Scale as well as an interview about educative practices. Results indicate that 63.6% of the children remain aggressiveness indications according to current teachers, and the other children also have problems as hyperactivity, insecurity, and low self-esteem. TRF indicates the presence of problems in all of the studied children. Ten of eleven cases (90.9%) present externalizing problems, two (18.1%) internalizing problems, and nine of them (81.8%) indications for total problems. In the individual scales of TRF, five children received clinical indication for aggressive behaviors. The academic skills of 54.5% of the children were considered satisfactory, while school adjustment were instable in all of the cases. It is verified that all children are exposed to many risk factors, in special those related to financial problems and family context, through educational practices used. The results of teacher-child relationships pointed that two teachers (18.1%) were considerate able to represent protective factor to their students. Both present high sense of discipline, represent secure base for their students, have empathy, are able to talk about negative events related to the student or to the relationship, feel effective in teaching and also feel capable to reach and to modify student's behaviors as well as demonstrate positive feelings in relation to them. Four teachers (36.3%) showed less presence of these characteristics, and other five (45.4%) seems not to be able to represent protective factors to theirs students. All of these children are exposed to risk factors, and the majority of them do not seem to have protective factors enough to minimize the risk effects in their lives. Possible aggressive pathways to be followed by these children are discussed. The prevention and reduction of aggressive behaviors in preschoolers seems to be the most appropriate alternative to interrupt the evolution of early conduct problems. It is emphasized the needed to develop special competences in teachers, making them able to manage with aggressive behaviors or other behaviors problems, becoming protective factors to those children.
Criação de empresas como mecanismo de cooperação universidade-empresa: os spin-offs acadêmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21) Costa, Lucelia Borges da; Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2741400963698629
Nowadays, the countrys development is based on science, tecnology and inovation. Because of this, the society is demanding that the university, one of the most important sources of that resources, acts transfering the results of its researches to the market. There are several ways to transfer the tecnology from university to the industry. One of them, that is emerging as an important mechanism, is the creation of firms from results of researches generated in the university (the academic spin-offs). Therefore, in Brasil there are few studies about this mechanism of university-company cooperation. Indenting to improve this situation, the present study mains to exihibit the profile of academic spin-offs from Brazil, showing its characteristics, motivations, difficulties and the opinion of spin-off owners. The methodology used was the quantitative research and the data was collected through questionnaires sent to 33 spin-offs companies from 9 universities. One important result obtained shows that just three companies have university s patents.
Programa informativo sobre deficiência mental e inclusão: efeitos nas atitudes e concepções de crianças não-deficientes.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21) Vieira, Camila Mugnai; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
In order to realize a real inclusion, besides politics, structural and educational aspects, it is also essential to consider the subjective and relational aspects involved in the process. The lack of information and daily contact among people without disabilities with people with disabilities can contribute to the construction of preconception and difficulties in the social interactions between both. The present research describes conceptions and social attitudes of children without disabilities concerning mental retardation and inclusion, and analyzes the effects of an informative program about these aspects. The participants of this research were forty children from two the first grade classrooms in one public elementary school localized in Marília, State of São Paulo. One of the classrooms participated as a control group. Every child was submitted to a pre and a post-test in the form of individual interviews about the issue. They also participated in the application of childish scale on social attitudes in respect to the inclusion. The experimental group participated in the informative program, composed of thirteen weekly meetings of one hour and thirty minutes duration each in which it were discussed limitations and possibilities of people with mental retardation, specialized assistance, their scholarization and familiar and social aspects, utilizing a variety of ludic and educational strategies. The data collected during the interviews were categorized and analyzed in its content. From the scale, it was obtained individual scores. Statistics calculations were realized to verify the significance of the differences among groups. The results indicated that the informative program favored a higher understanding of the mental retardation, including a more realistic view of the possible limitations and abilities of people with disabilities as well as their needs of support and the environment transformation. Moreover, the perception of similarities among people with and without disabilities, social acceptance and favorable attitudes towards inclusion increased. The results also indicated the necessity to develop research and intervention about this issue along with the community, which leads to the construction of more appropriate conceptions, attitudes, positive feelings and inclusion facilitators since the childhood.
Análise da interação profissional-paciente no atendimento odontopediátrico como requisito para a capacitação do dentista para o trabalho com pacientes especiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21) Rolim, Gustavo Sattolo; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
The dental treatment and all its components (behaviors and the clinical environment) frequently acquire aversive functions. The objective of this study was to describe strategies used by the dentist and its effects on children s escape or avoidance behaviors during the dental treatment. Participants were a dentist and six children with previous history of traumatic dental treatment. Two studies were carried out. In first study the procedure consisted of eight sessions separated by two Experimental Conditions. In the First Condition, treatment should be conducted at the first 4 sessions with an explicit requirement of not using children s Physical Restraint. This requirement was suspended for the Second Condition. In the other study, two dental treatments were carried out without any special requirement, separated by an interval of two years. For both studies, all the sessions were recorded in VHS and behavioral events sequentially analyzed. Children and professional s behaviors were recorded in a formal protocol. The treatments were analyzed session by session and in each dental routine. Records were made by independent observers. Results showed that children with a history of non-cooperative behaviors when exposed to the same type of situation presented a reduction in the frequency of non-cooperative behaviors, what can be supposed to be a result of an extinction process. Extinction also occurred concerning dentist´s interactive responses. Dentist used Physical Restraint to manage dental treatment. Participant 1 showed cooperative behaviors during almost all treatment sessions. When the dentist used Physical Restraint, this child emitted escape responses. For Participant 2, Physical Restraint worked as punition, because it suppressed non-cooperative behaviors. Considering the treatment of Participants 3, 4, 5 and 6 data reveals the possibility of an extinction process of non-cooperative behaviors. Results suggest that the dentist and child learn with each other during dental treatment, and this situation is important not only for the dental health, but also for the promotion and development of coping repertoires with situations that involve aversive events.
Rutenioporfirinas: síntese e aplicação como catalisadores de reações de oxidação de ciclo-hexano, adamantano e Z-cicloocteno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21) Guimarães, Christian Alexander; Moraes, Margarida de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9834619417892713
The porphyrin ligands, mesotetraphenyl-21H, 23Hporphyrin, meso-tetrakis(2-bromophenyl)-21H, 23H-porphyrin, meso-tetrakis(4- bromophenyl)-21H, 23H-porphyrin, meso-tetrakis(2-chlorophenyl)-21H, 23Hporphyrin, meso-tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)-21H, 23H-porphyrin and meso-tetrakis(2,6- dichlorophenyl)-21H, 23H- porphyrins, were synthesized by the condensation reaction of pyrrol with aldehyde, under reflux in acetic acid. After purification and characterization, ruthenium was inserted into these ligands. A solution of ruthenium trichloride was added to a solution of the ligand in 2-metoxymethanol and/or 2,2- metoxyethoximethanol under reflux and under a constant flow of carbon monoxide. The complexes of first and second generations were obtained: (carbonyl)(methanol) mesotetraphenylporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol) meso-tetrakis(2- bromophenil)porphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis (4- bromophenyl)porphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(2- chlorophenyl)porphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)porphyrinateruthenium(II) and (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(2,6- dichlorophenyl)porphyrinateruthenium(II). Using these complexes as starting reagents, a new methodology was developed for the direct synthesis of third generation rutheniumporphyrin complexes, which are not yet reported in the literature. This methodology consisted of the reaction of the compounds of first and second generations with N-bromossuccynamide and/or N-chlorossuccynamide. The poly-chlorinated and poly-bromated compounds: (carbonyl)(methanol)mesotetraphenyl-β-octachloroporphyrinate ruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(2-bromophenyl)-β-octachloro-porphyrinate ruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)-β-octachloro porphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(2-chlorophenyl)-β- octachloroporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(4-chloro phenyl)-β-octachloroporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis (2,6-dichlorophenyl)-β-octachloroporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol) mesotetraphenyl-β-octabromoporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)mesotetrakis(2-bromophenyl)-β-octabromoporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol) meso-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)-β- octabromoporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl) (methanol)meso-tetrakis(2-chlorophenyl)-β-octabromoporphyrinateruthenium(II), (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)-β-octabromoporphyrinate ruthenium(II) and (carbonyl)(methanol)meso-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-β- octabromoporphyrinateruthenium(II), were obtained using this new synthetic method and sometimes using the conventional literature method. All the ligands and complexes were characterized by UV-VIS and Infrared spectrometry, elemental analysis CHN and nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen. After the characterizations, all the compounds were used as catalysts in oxidation reactions of ciclohexane, adamantane and Z-ciclooctene with iodosylbenzene, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite as oxygen donors. The effect of the aging of the catalysts was investigated. Rutheniumporphyrins recently-prepared and stored for two years were used in catalyzed reactions. For all the complexes significant results for the yields and selectivity of the formed products were obtained for almost all of the systems and for all of the used oxidizers.
Comparação de diferentes métodos para determinar o limiar de anaerobiose de idosos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-21) Pozzi, Luis Gustavo; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
Some studies have been conducted with the objective of applying mathematical models to the data of HR, CO2 and RMS of myoelectric signal to determine a shift point on their behaviors during exercise and characterize metabolic changes which occur at the anaerobic threshold level (AT), saving time and optimizing the conventional analysis process which, by financial reasons, has become restricted to few research centers. The objective of the present study was to determine the anaerobic threshold applying two mathematical models, Heteroscedastic and Hinkley, to a set of HR, RMS and CO2 data. Methods: 9 active elderly subjects were studied (61,4 ±1,8years) during continuous physical ramp load test on cycle ergometer, with power ranging from 10 to 15 Watts/min. FC data was collected beat to beat and ventilatory variables breath to breath. After the application of mathematical models to these variables and the identification of the behavior shift points, the power levels, HR and O2 were registered, compared and co-related to those obtained by the graphic visual model. Statistic methodology: The Friedman test was used to make multiple comparisons and the Spearman co-relation test (5%) to verify the adjustment of the models to the variables. Results: no significant differences were found (p>0,05) in relation to the gold standard, between the power levels, O2 and HR during the LA shift identified by the different models. Significant correlated data were found between the HR values identified by the mathematical models applied to the HR and O2 data, between the values of O2 when identified by the HR, and between power rates only when identified by the Hinkley model applied to data of RMS of the myoeletric signal. Conclusion: in the sample study, the mathematical models appeared adequate in determining noninvasive AT. Both models adjusted better to the HR data, followed by CO2 and RMS.