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Um método para modelagem de controle de AMS usando redes de Petri virtuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-29) Araújo, Rodrigo Guimarães; Morandin Júnior, Orides; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8619608525885317
An Automated Manufacturing System (AMS) is a production system where a discrete number of raws is processed and assembled by controlled machines and/or robots. Controlling AMS is a complex task, due to the several sub-systems that compose it and the need for attending strategic production issues and market. The AMS control complexity increases with the necessity of production and technologic resources. The studies related to AMS control normally consider specific features of the system. Some authors propose solutions considering architecture, some others consider approaches by modular nets, others consider mathematic analysis; and so, each study has its contribution in a specific point. This work considers a wider set of features related to the problem of modeling AMS control. It is presented different options of architecture, different ways to concern hierarchically about the problem, the use of Petri Nets as a way to represent graphically the problem conserving the mathematic formalisms, simulation, and the use of a graphic software that treat all the options before. The proposal of this work is indicate a modeling method for AMS control that considers all features related to its control. This method proposes eight elaboration stages of the model. The stands consider the elements in a specification level more generic and, gradually, they are more detailed. In some stands, simulations are applied with the objective of validate what has been modeled. The work ends with the application of the method to a hypothetic FMS. It is considered a production planning for five types of products in determined quantities. The method application is considered effective, since trough the simulation of the model, it can be verified that all the products are produced according to the production plan proposed and that eventual deadlocks and conflicts can be avoided.
Perfil digestivo e metabólico de juvenis de tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818), alimentados com diferentes teores de proteína e lipídio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-29) Almeida, Luciana Cristina de; Moraes, Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9294262709549543
The aim of this work was to investigate the metabolism of juvenile tambaqui (Colosssoma macropomum) fed 4 different protein (35, 30, 25 e 20,5 %) and lipids (4, 8, 11 e 14,5 %) levels in isoenergetic diets. The experiment was carried out in the facilities of the Adaptative Biochemistry Laboratory, located in the Genetics and Evolution Department of the Federal University of São Carlos. Fish growth, hematological parameters, digestives enzymes (unspecific proteases, unspecific lipase and amylase), metabolites (glucose, lactate, piruvate, ammonia, protein, fat acids, triglycerides, amino acids and glycogen), and the enzymes LDH, MDH, GDH, ASAT and ALAT were assayed. The hematological parameters presented no significant alterations. Tambaqui digestive enzymes were responsive to dietary levels of protein and lipids. Fish from the treatments I and II depicted the best growth. In contrast, the lowest one was observed in fish fed with the treatments III and IV. We detected glycolysis, glycogenolysis and lipolysis in livers in accordance the increase of the dietary lipid. It was observed muscular glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis from amino acids and lipolysis to energetic supply in fish fed with high lipid levels. The plasma metabolic profile reflected the function of blood metabolite deliver among the tissues underlining biochemical adaptations due to alterations on the fish feeding. In conclusion, dietary protein and lipid levels induced tambaqui digestive enzymes. The increase of dietary lipid resulted in fish growth decreased, augmented the liver glycolysis and glycogenolysis, increase the muscular glucogenesis and the gluconeogenesis. The fish metabolism seemed to be predominantly lipolitic.
Tanques-rede de pequeno volume instalados em viveiros de piscicultura: uma alternativa para a tilapicultura na região sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-29) Pinto, Cleide Schmidt Romeiro Mainardes; Verani, José Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
Three experiments were carried out at the Aquaculture Section of the Center for the Technological Development of Agribusiness in Pindamonhangaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, whose objective was to test the use of low-volume cages in populated or not populated ponds, aiming for a better utilization of the flooded area, as well as to assess the productivity of tilapia strains. The experiments were brought to an end when the units from at least one treatment reached mean weight value of 500g (commercial size). The first experiment was carried out from March to July 2000 (fall/winter). Three cages populated with Thai tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) male juveniles, and three cages populated with red tilapia Oreochromis urolepis hornorum x Oreochromis mossambicus) male juveniles, at densities of 200, 250 and 300 fish/m³ were placed in each pond. After 126 days of culture, final mean weight and mean biomass were the double for the Thai tilapia than for the red one at the studied densities. The red tilapia did not reach commercial size at any of the densities. Feed conversion ranged from 1.24 to 1.50:1 among the densities, and survival rate was over 90% for all the treatments. The studied abiotic variables, with the exception of temperature, exhibited suitable values for the culture of tilapia. The objective of the second experiment, carried out from February to April 2001 (summer/fall), was to assess the productivity of the Thai tilapia in cages (intensive culture) placed in populated (semiintensive culture) or not populated ponds. Six cages with Thai tilapia males, at densities of 200, 250 and 300 fish/m³ were placed in the two ponds (V1 and V2). V2 was also populated with 4800 free male units of the same species. After 76 days of culture, the tilapia from the cages in P1 reached mean weight higher than 500g. In V2, only the units kept at the density of 200 fish/m³ reached 500g.Apparent feed conversion was around 1.0:1 for the confined fish and 1.3:1 for the free ones; survival rate was over 90% for all the treatments. The net yield in V2 was 2.7 times higher than in V1.The third experiment, carried out between February and June 2002 (summer/fall), examined the productivity of the Thai tilapia, as well as the effect of the amount of cages on the pond carrying capacity. Two ponds (V1 and V2) were populated with 4800 Thai tilapia male units. Six cages with 250 units each were placed in V1, and twelve (also with 250 units each) were placed in V2. After 60 days, the mortality rate in V2 was 35% for the confined population and 15% for the free fish, due to a sharp decrease in the dissolved oxygen concentration, suggesting that the pond had reached its maximum carrying capacity. At the end of the experiment, after 120 days of culture, only the units from the cages placed in V1 reached commercial size.