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Estudo da infestação de fêmeas bovinas de corte pelo Rhipichepalus (Boophilus) microplus, Haematobia irritans e Dermatobia hominis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-10-31) Silva, Ana Mary da; Alencar, Maurício Melo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2851558159128989
In tropical regions, resistance of cattle to external parasites is an important factor determining efficiency of the production systems. The objectives in this study were to evaluate the degree of resistance of Nelore (NE), Canchim x Nelore (CN), Aberdeen Angus x Nelore (AN) and Simmental x Nelore (SN) females of several ages to cattle tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus), horn fly (Haematobia irritans) and beef-worm (Dermatobia hominis), and the possibility of selection to increase resistance of beef cattle to these parasites, through the estimation of genetic parameters of the degree of natural infestation, in order to furnish information to beef cattle breeding programs in Brazil. Two experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, 16 NE, 18 CN, 16 AN and 16 SN 16.5 months old females, were artificially infested with 20,000 larvae of cattle tick, four times 14 days apart each, were done, and from day 18 to day 22 of each infestation the number of engorged female ticks (≥ 4.5 mm) was counted on the left side of each animal. In this experiment, data were analyzed as the percentage of return (PR = percentage of ticks counted relative to the number infested), transformed to (PR)1/4, using the least squares method with a model that included effects of genetic group (GG), animal within GG (error a), infestation number (I), GG x I, and the residual (error b). In experiment 2, from six to ten cattle tick, horn fly and beef-worm countings on NE (184), CN (153), AN (123) and SN (120) naturally infested females of several physiological states (calves, pregnant and open heifers, primiparous cows with and without a calf and pluriparous cows with and without a calf), from July 2003 to December 2004, were done. In this experiment, data, transformed to log10 (n + 1), were analyzed by the least squares method with a model that included effects of genetic group (GG) of female, animal within GG (error a), year-season of counting (YS), physiological state, and GG x YS interaction. Besides that, genetic parameters of the degree of infestation by the parasites were obtained by the restricted maximum likelihood method, using models that included fixed effects of contemporary group (genetic group, year-season of counting) and physiological state, and additive direct, animal s permanent environmental, and residual random effects. In artificial infestation, despite the GG x I interaction, in general, NE animals were more resistant, followed by CN, and, at last, by SN and AN ones, which showed, respectively, the following percentage of return: 0.35 ± 0.06, 0.54 ± 0.05, 0.89 ± 0.06 and 0.85 ± 0.06. In natural infestation, the difference among genetic groups depended on year-season of counting, however, in general, NE females were less infested by ticks than females of the other genetic groups, while AN females showed higher infestation by horn flies and beef-worm than females of the other genetic groups. Heritability and repeatability estimates based on one-trait analyses were 0.12 and 0.12, 0.30 and 0.30, and 0.04 and 0.12, for infestation by cattle ticks, horn flies and beef-worms, respectively, indicating that it is feasible to obtain genetic progress for infestation by horn flies. The genetic correlations among these traits were low, except that between infestations by horn flies and beef-worms (0.60).
Quem são os extrativistas? Perfil dos pescadores e da atividade pesqueira na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Corumbau - BA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-10-31) Siqueira, Andressa Marques; Nordi, Nivaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
The Extractive Reserve was initially created as a handling category proposal around 1989, and in 2000 became a direct use conservation unit with the creation of SNUC (National System of Conservation Units). Since then, it has been possible to observe an increasing rise in the number of conservation units of this category, for whom the handling plan must consider - at first instance human population and its exploitation forms. In regards to this, the present work proposes to give an answer to the question who are the extraction workers of the REM (Marine Extractive Reserve) of Corumbau , aiming at granting and directing the above unit s Handling Plan And Multiple Use restructure. To so proceed, social-economic and fishery aspects of the extraction workers were identified, by means of structured and semi-structured questionnaires and analyses based on Shannon- Wiener diversity, Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indexes, as well as Levins niche breadth and overlap. Gathered socio-economic aspects allowed to verify that REM of Corumbau fisherman is within the standards of Brazilian artisanal fishermen. His profile can be defined as: professionally informal fisherman, male, indigenous color and descent, between 21 and 40 years of age, few school years and fishing as main activity. In what concerns the characterization of fishing occupation, the canoe should be mentioned as the most used form of navigation; the main fishery tackles were lines/hooks, gill nets and harpoons. The Bray-Curtis index allowed the division of fishermen communities into three groups, defined in a similarity decreasing order. Fishery activities diversity values varied from medium to high. Nevertheless, niche measures showed tendencies towards specialization and high overlap, due to the predominance of fishing tackles such as lines/hooks, gill nets and harpoons in all studied communities.
Mapeamento da fragilidade ambiental na Bacia do Ribeirão do Monjolinho - São Carlos - SP - utilizando ferramentas de geoprocessamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-10-31) Cereda Junior, Abimael; Röhm, Sergio Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042428262927249
The environment dimension was not considered in the most process of urban and regional planning. The global process understanding and the interconnections between elements and dynamic character of the landscape have to be reached, going beyond this model. The landscape should be understood not across its issues, but by its comprehension of dialectic relation existent between the elements themselves. So, the Maps of Potential Fragility and Environment of Ribeirão Monjolinho Basin, situated in São Carlos SP Brasil, were made and methodological discussed, based in cartographic systemic methodology. This methodology is structured on ecodynamic, based on General Theory of Systems, the most logical instruments used to study the environmental problems itself. Using a Geographic Information System associated to a methodology, was possible to realize the landscape elements evaluation and modeling, in other times only described and analyzed in a qualitative way. The theoretical bases of ecodynamic mapping have fundamental value in the understading of the complex game of natural and antropic forces, helping and incrementing the planner s work in the cartographic and methodological way. This study demonstrated the importance of this methodology to the planners, since it is base don inventory detailed-specific data, but also fundamentally based on methodological theory sanctioned philosophical schools.