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Análise das estratégias de movimento adotadas durante a realização de manuseio de carga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02) Carregaro, Rodrigo Luiz; Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8631547579695270; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2638841180115631
Despite recent technological advances, occupational activities of manual nature are still essential in many sectors and industries. Such activities impose risky conditions, which are inherent to its nature and can be responsible for musculoskeletal injuries. In addiction, the complexity and the interaction of risk factors, many still not comprehended, that act together during the performance of manual material handlings confer challenges and stimulations to the preventive approach. In this way, two main studies (Studies I and II) and two unfolding studies had been carried through. The main studies contextualized the hamstrings flexibility and its influence on the performance of occupational tasks. The objectives of Study I had been to compare the results of two clinical tests used to evaluate hamstrings flexibility and to evaluate the reliability of the photogrammetric procedure adopted for the analysis. The fingertip-to-floor test and straight leg raise test were applied in 35 healthy male subjects. Based on tests results, subjects were divided into two groups: normal and reduced flexibility. Superficial anatomical landmarks were fixed on bony references by means of manual palpation in order to permit the tracing of the hip, thoracic-lumbar, leg, knee and tibio-tarsal angles. The student t test was applied to evaluate the differences between the two groups, for each variable. Findings showed that hip angle was significant lower at the reduced flexibility group and that the straight leg raise test was more sensible for detecting subjects with reduced flexibility. The aim of Study II was to evaluate the influence of hamstrings flexibility on the movement strategy of the trunk and pelvis adopted by healthy subjects during the performance of the manual handling. Subjects were divided into two groups, based on the straight leg raise test. A JVC digital camera with a sampling of 50 frames/second and positioned perpendicularly to the sagittal plane of the subjects was used to register the activity. The cross-correlation coefficient was used to quantify movement patterns relationship between groups, and the student t test applied to the movement variables in order to determine differences between groups. The results had demonstrated that subjects with reduced flexibility used a lesser pelvic amplitude and bigger amplitudes of the trunk during handling. Still, subjects with reduced flexibility adopted a retroverted movement of the pelvis, without great alterations during the activity. The unfolding studies contextualized the comparison of the strategies adopted by subjects with experience in load handling activities and inexperienced individuals. The Study III had as objective to evaluate the manual handling performed by 16 experienced subjects and 15 inexperienced ones. It was used a flexible electrogoniometer to measure trunk movements and the University of Michigan 3D software to estimate the intradiscal compression in L5/S1 during the handling. The normalized movement patterns were evaluated and the coefficient of variation was applied to quantify the variability of this movement. The student t test determined the differences between variables. Results pointed out to great variability of adopted postures. Smaller amplitudes of flexion had been found, but bigger amplitudes of trunk extension when the loads were deposited, respectively, in low and high surfaces for experienced individuals. Experienced subjects presented lower intradiscal compression during box deposition and the lowering task was characterized by the highest intradiscal compression. Study IV aimed to compare manual handling strategies adopted by experienced and inexperienced subjects with relation to the positioning of the feet and trunk during lowering and inclination of the box during lowering and lifting activities. Ten experienced workers and 10 subjects without professional experience with the handling activity had been selected. The manual handling carried out between different heights was filmed. By means of one edition software, the images referring to the instant of 50% of the task had been selected and used to classify the postures and to measure the inclination of the box. An ANOVA with 3 factors was used to evaluate the inclination of the box with relation to the experience, handled load and type of handling (lifting and lowering). The results had indicated that subjects with professional experience adopted strategies characterized by biggest inclination of the box and adoption of balanced postures of the trunk, with widening of the support base. Professional experience determined the adoption of different movement strategies, when compared to inexperienced ones, in response to task conditions. However, other studies are suggested in order to determine if such strategies were protective or risky ones. The results presented in this dissertation raise the hypothesis that hamstrings flexibility is a risk factor for the increase of trunk overload, during the performance of manual material handling.
Extensões de distribuições quase-homogêneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02) Bonfante, Elaine; Santos Filho, José Ruidival Soares dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6112529384454347
In this dissertation the author proves two results of extensions for IRn of distribution solutions in IRn{0} of the operator Lλ,a = n ∑ i=1 λixi@xi − a, with λ = (λ1, . . . , λn) E Rn + and a E C.
A informatização da biblioteca da UFSCar e o impacto causado nos trabalhadores devido a mudanças nas rotinas de trabalho: um estudo de caso.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02) Rizzo, Sheila Regina; Grün, Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3045571201840558
The work and its organization are suffering continually modifications front to the new requirements from the contemporary society. The insertion of new information and communication technologies in the productive processes directs new studies to better understand the logic behind the transformation process and the work organization. The proposal is to study analytically and qualitatively the transformation of the work generated from the insertion of information and communication technologies in the productive processes, as well as the difficulties experienced by the workers. The focus inside the service sector is realized by the study of the Communitarian Library of the Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar) as organization. By the ethnography descriptive methodology, the analysis is made to identify how the library have changed and continue to modify itself with the introduction of information and communication technologies in its products and services and how the employees have been dealing with the difficulties generated by this process.
Aplicação das técnicas espectroscópicas de RMN e IV e de métodos quimiométricos na quimiotaxonomia de liquens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02) Alcantara, Glaucia Braz; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6408676855110487
This present work describes the chemotaxonomic analysis of lichens through the utilization of NMR spectroscopic techniques, HR-MAS and NMR in solution, and IR allied with chemometrics methods. This analysis were carried out with eleven species set of lichens divided in two families and six genera. The HR-MAS NMR spectra together the chemometric, obtained from intact vegetal material, present the discrimination between the families, genera and species and the classification percentage was much satisfactory (70,8%). The analyzed substances include the carbohydrates class of low molecular-weight, the polyols. The NMR in solution analysis, corresponding to crude extracts, present the discrimination between genera and species and the classification was excellent (88,9%). In this analysis, where the secondary metabolites of lichens are evaluated, was realized the identification of some substances in mixture. The analysis by infrared spectroscopy (IR), also obtained from intact material, was detached by the excellent power of samples classification (100% of correct prediction), with discrimination between genera and species. The comparative application of this techniques confirm the results obtained separately, and point for a great potentiality of IR in chemotaxonomic analysis of lichens, due its quickness and low price, however the NMR techniques are more attractive when desire the circumstantial analysis of spectral profile.
Estudo da classificação não-destrutiva de peças serradas de espécies cultivadas no Brasil para uso em estruturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02) Candian, Marcela; Sales, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7635127820758535
This research had for purpose comparatively to verify the accuracy of the techniques of transverse vibration and ultrasound to the values gotten in static testings, for sawed wood used in structures. With the results gotten in the development of the present research it was possible to calibrate the coefficient of modification (kmod, 3) of NBR 7190:1997, besides increasing the relative knowledge to the nondestructive tests in wood. In the experimental methodology studies with parts of structural members of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus sp and Goupia glabra had been carried through, which had been classified using the techniques of ultrasound and transverse vibration, for the determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed). Simultaneously to the tests with ultrasound they had been carried through the visual grading and tests of static bending (MOE). The values of coefficient of determination for the technique of transverse vibration (R² = 0,75, R² = 0,80, R² = 0,93 and R² = 0,89) and for the technique of ultrasound (R2 = 0,65, R2 = 0,76, R2 = 0,66 and R2 = 0,88), gotten respectively for the Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus sp and Goupia glabra are significant, demonstrating that the techniques of ultrasound and transverse vibration are important tools for nondestructive inference of the modulus of elasticity of wood. The technique of transverse vibration presented better resulted in relation to the ultrasound, therefore it presents one better tack enters the physical model of the phenomenon and the corresponding associated mathematical model. In the determination of the values of coefficient of modification kmod, 3, was verified that the technique of transverse vibration presented superior values of coefficient in relation the ultrasound technique, therefore allows a classification next to the values gotten in the static bending.
Comparação da qualidade de vida de mulheres pós-menopausa acometidas ou não por osteoporose e fratura de quadril
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02) Navega, Marcelo Tavella; Oishi, Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1417328590472858; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1153464448003029
The aim this study was to investigate the quality of life among postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis, sudden or not hip fracture, contribute to better understand about influence of the osteoporosis, hip fracture and institutionalization of the quality of life of the women with osteoporosis. Two studies were carried. The first, to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the post-menopausal women with or without osteoporosis through of the SF-36 and OPAQ questionnaire. Two groups were formed, with 21 volunteers each: Group 1 with women without osteoporosis (64,38 ± 4,24 years); and Group 2 with osteoporotic women (67,81 ± 4,19 years). The components Role Physical and General Health showed significant difference (p <0,05) between the groups, with better score to women without osteoporosis. No other differences were found in the SF-36 questionnaire. In the others 6 components, the values showed by two groups do not were significant difference. This form to conclude that post-menopausal women with osteoporosis and physical active can have a quality of life similar to the postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. In the second study, To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the post-menopausal women with osteoporosis, with or without hip fracture, were formed four groups: Group 1: 16 women without hip fracture and sedentary (67,80 ± 3,93 years); Group 2: 20 women without hip fracture and physical active (67,75 ± 4,29 years); Group 3: 20 women with hip fracture and non-institutionalized (70,65 ± 4,53 years); Group 4: 20 women with hip fracture and institutionalized (77,55 ± 6,8 years). The Results showed that the HRQoL of the post-menopausal women with hip fracture and institutionalized is, in general form, worst than non-institutionalized women with osteoporosis physical active, suggest hip fracture in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis to challenge a deteribration in the health-related quality of life, and the institutionalized of the sudden attack to able to contribute for greater decadence of the quality of life. The results of the ours study showed is possible have a good health-related quality of life after osteoporosis diagnostic, principal don t have hip fractures
A fauna de Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila Densa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02) Nunes, Juliano Fiorelini; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3009645420008438
Keystone species include parasitic wasps, which are natural enemies of phytophagous insects. The Atlantic Rain Forest holds an astonishing abundance of Doryctinae subfamily (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and this study focused on this group due to its potential indicating environmental changes and its understudied diversity. The sampling sites were designed by the project: Richness and Diversity of Hymenoptera and Isoptera along a latitudinal gradient in Atlantic Rain Forest the pluvial eastern forest from Brazil (BIOTA/FAPESP-Process nº. 1998/05083-0). It was employed three sampling techniques: Malaise traps (passive sample method), Moericke traps (attractive one) and sweeping of vegetation (active one). A single sampling pattern was established to allow the comparison among methods. Doryctinae was identified in the generic level; the occurrence frequency and Diversity and Evenness Indexes were calculated to verify the distribution of Doryctinae in Atlantic Rain Forest. Linear and polynomial regressions were applied to the dispersion curves to verify correlations among data and latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Rain Forest. The total specimens captured were 12,249, identified in 41 genera, six recorded as new. Santa Lúcia Biological Station, at Santa Teresa district (ES) showed the highest occurrence frequency of Doryctinae specimens, 13.5% (1.651) and genera richness (23). The highest values of Diversity Index were found at Santa Luzia do Itanhy (SE) and Santa Maria Madalena (RJ) (1.02 nats). São Bento do Sul (SC) was the more homogeneous site (52.15% of Evenness). Heterospilus Haliday was the more abundant genus, with more than 80% of the total specimens captured (10.154). Santa Teresa (ES) was the site with more exclusive genera, six. Two new exclusive genera was identified at Santa Maria Madalena (RJ) (Gênero Novo 2 e Gênero Novo 4), as well as at Santa Luzia do Itanhy (SE) (Gênero Novo 5 e Gênero Novo 6) and at Mata de São João (BA) (Gênero Novo 3). Sweeping of vegetation was the technique with more specimens captured (8,566) and more different genera identified (37). Trends lines obtained by simple linear regressions indicated no association among latitude and analyzed variables. In applied polynomial trend lines, suggested a latitudinal pattern for the Doryctinae, which showed high values of abundance, richness and diversity at median latitudes, between 15ºS and 20ºS. The total number of the Doryctinae valid genera until now is 179; from those, 97 occur in Neotropical region and 80 in Brazil, where the greatest number of genera records is found. 29 new genera from Brazil were confirmed, however not published yet. Diagnose of six new genera from the Atlantic Rain Forest is presented as well as their position on the identification guide of Doryctinae genera from the New World (MARSH, 1997). Although only 7% of its original vegetal cover is left, we verify an abundant and genera-rich Doryctinae community in Atlantic Rain Forest.
Estudo da distribuição das pressões plantares em crianças obesas: efeitos de um programa de intervenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-02-02) Filippin, Nadiesca Taisa; Costa, Paula Hentschel Lobo da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9083349298690934; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917528501000675
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a weight reduction program on the plantar pressure behavior during standing and walking of obese children. Thirty children, divided into three groups (obese experimental group, obese control group and non obese group), both genders, aged between nine and eleven years old volunteered to this study. The data were collected before and after a weight reduction program with duration of three months. The evaluations included static footprints and plantar pressure variables under six areas of the foot during standing and walking using the Pedar System (Novel GMBh). The results revealed that there was a decrease in the pressures under the midfoot area for the experimental group after the training program, but plantar pressure changes were not observed under other foot areas. An increase in the pressure-time integral was observed after training for the same obese group. In addition, the obese children presented greater contact areas and pressures when compared to non-obese, which can indicate increased risk of injuries due to the excessive load supported by the lower limbs of the obese children. However, the body weight was only poorly related to the plantar pressures, indicating that others factors may interfere on pressure distribution patterns. The correlations between the variables in the midfoot area indicated that it is not possible to assess the dynamic function of the feet from static measures, mainly in obese children, since the excess of adipose tissue in the feet and the medial arch changes may not allow the appropriate interpretation of these measures. Because the plantar pressures measured in this study were not sensitive enough to the training program of three months and, therefore were less influenced by it, the planning of weight reduction programs of longer durations and applied as early as possible is recommended, in order to promote important changes in the plantar pressure behavior and, consequently, to prevent structural and functional disorders in the children s feet.