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Prevenção primária de abuso sexual : avaliação da eficácia de um programa com adolescentes e pré-adolescentes em ambiente escolar.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-30) Padilha, Maria da Graça Saldanha; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7660914735608378
This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a child sexual abuse primary prevention program conducted in the school setting. The first part of the study was aimed at verifying low-income parents' conceptions about child sexual abuse. Sixtythree parents residents of the school's community where the prevention program was done participated of the study. Participants answered a Questionnaire on Child Abuse Conceptions. Results showed that parents where knowledgeable about child sexual abuse, although some of their conceptions could be altered to increase their child protection of at risk situations repertoire. The second part of the study had as a goal to evaluate a child sexual abuse primary prevention program in the school setting of the same community involved in the initial part of the study. Sixty two grade 6 students (30 female and 32 male) of a rural community in the Metropolitan area of Curitiba, Paraná participated o the intervention. The second part of the study had the following sequence: a Pre-Test (conducted one week prior to the intervention), Intervention (12 weekly sessions), a Post-Test (after the intervention), and a Follow-up (conducted 18 months after the program). A Questionnaire on Child Sexual Abuse was given in three of the occasions mentioned above. The 10 intervention sessions of one-and-a-half hour each involved social skills training, discussions on sexuality, discrimination of abusive situations, and self-protection skills training. The repertoire to be installed involved discrimination of risk, responding in an assertive way to the offender, leaving the situation and reporting it to a reliable adult. Analysis of students´ group performance in the three phases of the study indicated an increase after the intervention, which was maintained after 18 months, although with a small decrease. Of the four factors measured by the Questionnaire knowledge on sexual abuse, discrimination of at risk situations, saying no , and leaving the situation quickly, and reporting the abuse to a reliable adult the factor on sexual abuse knowledge had significant increases in Post- Test and Follow-Up. General performance was significantly different, pointing out to the efficacy of the intervention as measured by the Questionnaire. In general, data seems to indicate an improvement in students´ repertoire of self-protective skills in situations at risk of child sexual abuse. The promising results point out to the feasibility of school prevention of child sexual abuse in the school setting.
Um modelo de risco proporcional dependente do tempo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-30) Parreira, Daniela Ribeiro Martins; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7950899123142965
Survival data analysis models is used to study experimental data where, normally, the variable "answer"is the time passed until an event of interest. Many authors do prefer modeling survival data, in the presence of co-variables, by using a hazard function - which is related with its interpretation. The Cox model (1972) - most commonly used by the authors - is applicable when the fail rates are proportional. This model is very flexible and used in the survival analysis. It can be easily extended to, for example, incorporate the time-dependent co-variables. In the present work we propose a proportional risk model which incorporates a time-dependent parameter named "time-dependent proportional risk model".
Otimização das condições de cultivo de Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae para produção de vacina contra erisipela suína
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-30) Silva, Adilson José da; Giordano, Roberto de Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3447469350644179
Swine erysipelas is one of the diseases responsible for the great economic losses in swine-producing areas of the world. The bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of erysipelas, and the vaccines currently available for prevention of this disease are produced with the whole broth culture containing the inactivated microorganism or its live-attenuated form. A surface protein was identified as the main antigen. It can be found in the culture supernatant or attached to the cell wall through interactions with the choline residues from the teichoic and lipoteichoic acids of this structure. Considering the lack of information in the scientific literature about studies concerning the growth pattern of this pathogen, the company Vallèe S.A, a Brazilian industry of veterinary pharmaceutical products, established a partnership with researchers form the Chemical Engineering Department of UFSCar with the purpose of developing the technology required for the production of the cited vaccine. In this context, the objective of this work was to optimize the growing conditions of E. rhusiopathiae to establish a protocol for production of high cellular concentrations, enough to prepare a vaccine against swine erysipelas offering the same or a higher protection level compared to the commercially available formulations. To achieve this goal, the growth kinetics of this microorganism was investigated under different aeration conditions (aerobiosis, anaerobiosis and microaerophilic condition), changes in the medium nutrient s concentration were analyzed, and mice protection tests using the prepared vaccines were performed. The studies about the aeration influence on the microorganism growth and the antigen expression were made using a 4.0 L stirred-tank bioreactor, with an agitation frequency kept between 100 and 400 rpm and air or N2 flow rate of 1.0 L/min. The studies for the improvement of the medium formulation were carried out in flasks incubated at static condition or under agitation of 200 rpm. The vaccines were prepared using medium harvested in both conditions. The temperature was set at 37°C and the initial pH at 8,0 in all experiments. Samples of culture supernatant and from cell extracts made with choline chloride were analyzed by electrophoresis under denaturating conditions (SDS-PAGE) to evaluate the antigen expression. The preliminary electrophoresis results indicated that the antigen production is associated to the cell growth and its expression is favored in the presence of oxygen. Cellular concentrations around 1,8 g/L were reached, in all different aeration conditions employed, using the stirred-tank bioreactor operating with pH automatic control and using the culture medium with nutrients concentrations increased in 50 % from the Feist medium described in literature. The vaccines prepared in aerobic and microaerophilic condition led to higher protection levels in the challenge-exposure tests, and a formulation made from an aerobic culture in bioreactor having a cellular concentration over 2,0 x 109 CFU/mL showed the same immunizing power as the three commercial vaccines used for comparison purposes. Observations about the inhibitory effects of metabolites accumulation and substrate saturation on the microorganism growth pointed the fed-batch as a promising operation mode to produce larger amounts of biomass. Cellular concentrations reached in the experiment ran under these condition were increased around five times.
Eletrodos voltamétricos e amperométricos para a determinação de espécies de interesse farmacêutico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-30) Marcolino Junior, Luiz Humberto; Fatibello Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0495683068319877
The development of modified electrodes by insoluble metal hexacyanoferrates have attracted wide spread attention due to their interesting chemical and electrochemical characteristics. In the first developed work, 20% (m/m) of copper(II) hexacianoferrate was incorporated to a carbon paste for the voltammetric determination of dipyrone. The analytical curve showed a linear response in the concentration range of 9.9 x 10-6 to 2.4 x 10-4 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 8.1 x 10-6 mol L-1 in acetate buffer solution at pH 7.3. In a second work, an anionic exchange resin modified with hexacianoferrate(III) ions was used as modifier material in an MCPE that later was applied in the amperometric determination of paracetamol. The analytical curve was linear in the paracetamol concentration range of 2.0 x 10-5 and 6.5 x 10-4 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 1.6 x 10-5 mol L-1. The use of vanadium complexes has been also intensified in the last years, mainly for its importance in diverse biochemist processes in the human body. In this work, two other methods had been proposed employing an EPCM with VO-Salen complex for the voltammetric determination of dipyrone and ranitidine in pharmaceutical products. The analytical curves for dipyrone and ranitidine were linear in the concentration ranges of 9.0 x 10-6 to 2.8 x 10-4 mol L-1 and 9.9 x 10-5 to 1.0 x 10-3 mol L-1, respectively, with a detection limit of 7.2 x 10-6 mol L-1 for dipyrone and 6.6 x 10-5 mol L-1 for ranitidine. Finally, the use of carbon paste electrodes, modified or not, coupled to the FIA system with amperometric detection has been also widely explored due to be an extremely versatile alternative. In this work, a procedure for the captopril quantification in pharmaceutical formulations was developed using an amperometric flow cell connected to the FIA system. The method was based on the reaction of the captopril oxidation, under action of an applied electric potential. Parameters such as pH and support electrolyte, and the FIA system parameters had been evaluated in order to get the best results. The analytical curve was linear in the captopril concentration range from 2.0 x 10-4 to 7.5 x 10-3 mol L-1, with a detection limit of 9.6 x 10-5 mol L-1 and a sampling frequency of 42 h-1.
Influência das condições operacionais na formação e remoção de tortas de filtração de gases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-30) Tognetti, Érica Rodrigues; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3499359795098626
The present work aims to evaluate the influence of some operational variables on the filtration process and cake detachment, and also the patchy cleaning phenomenon. The studied conditions were maximum pressure drop, 20, 40 and 60 cmc.a., filtration velocity, 5 and 10 cm/s, cleaning velocity, 10 and 15 cm/s and thickness of the cake. Phosphoric rock dust with Stokes diameters of 4,5 µm was used as powder material. The filter medium used was acrylic, polyester and polypropylene needlefelt. To characterize the cleanness of the fabric, it was used the technique to take a photograph of the filter after each cycle of cleanness, getting images of the partial detachment of the cake. These images of cycles 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 had been studied and analyzed through analytical software of images, the Image-Pro Plus. The efficiency of regeneration and the size of the regenerated areas of the filter had been analyzed. The results showed that the residual pressure drop was higher for thicker cakes. The higher cleaning velocity was not necessarily the one that offers better cake removal. Concerning the patchy cleaning phenomenon, total area removed did not present a defined behavior with the number of cycles. The results also showed that acrylic needlefelt is the best one to this process. This filter medium requires regeneration less frequently as it presents a lower pressure drop tax. As consequence the process is more economic and the filter medium can me used for longer periods of time.
Caracterização metabólica e cinética do cultivo de três hibridomas para produção de imunoglobulinas com especificidade e antígenos eritrocitários para uso hemoterápico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-30) Ferreira, Douglas; Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6716019534474825
In the last two decades mammalian cell cultures have been broadly used for the industrial production of pharmaceutical, proteins, in particular the monoclonal antibodies by cultures of murine hybrid cells (hybridoma). The development of bioprocess for industrial scale of monoclonal antibodys (MAbs) depends on the determination and optimization of several physiological and metabolic parameters. In this work are shown preliminary development results of the bioprocess for production of three MAbs for blood typing through the ABO system, with is of great interest for Brazilian public health. Experiments with three lineages of murine hybridomas which were able to secret three different immunoglobulins with specificity to ABO human blood antigens were accomplished in Spinner flasks using RPMI 1640 medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) in concentrations of 20 and 10 % vv, temperature of 37 ºC and pH 6.8 7.4 .The three hybridomas showed very different growth patterns in these culture medium The cultivation with 20 % v/v of FBS as much as the cultivation with cells adapted to 10 % v/v FBS showed the necessity of a better balance of the amino acids formulation in the culture medium in order to improve the specific maximum grow rate (µmáx) and maximum cells density (CXmáx).
Avaliação de programas de treinamento de professores para promover habilidades sociais de crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-03-30) Molina, Renata Cristina Moreno; Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1634522709499780
Although the importance of learning disabilities has been recognized since many years, the high rates of failure in various series of fundamental teaching still preoccupy researchers of several areas. Recognizing the importance of the establishment and maintenance of social interactions between students and their environment, and highlighting the relations between the teacher and student as an element that constitutes the foundation of teachinglearning process, had as objectives initial (Stage 1): (1) to elaborate and to apply a social skills training program concerning in-service teachers, aiming at the promotion of interpersonal development in their students who have learning disabilities; (2) to evaluate the possible effects of this program on the academic and social repertories of these students. This stage was done under a near-experimental delineation, made up of an intervention group (SA1) and two non-equivalents control groups (SA2 e SR), with evaluations of students social and academic repertories, before and after the intervention. In order to monitor the formation program, evaluations about SA1 teacher s conceptions and performances were done. The intervention s objective led the teacher to understand the role of social skills to students social and academic performance, to perceive the relations between her behavior and students behavior, and to increase her social skills repertoire promoting interpersonal development in the classroom. The results obtained after intervention have shown: (a) teacher s difficulty in identifying and evaluating her strategies of interpersonal relations promotion, and reduction of inadequate behavior in the classroom; (b) gains in SA1 social s repertoire not equivalents to SR s and less expressive than the SA2 s. These data led to the planning of the second stage (Stage 2), which had as objectives: (1) to elaborate, apply and to evaluate a social skills training program concerning teacher's acceleration classrooms (in group), aiming at the promotion of their competence to establish facilitating conditions of social skills promotion in their students, and reductive conditions of interpersonal conflicts in classroom; (2) to evaluate possible effects of this program about the social skills repertoire in students who have learning disabilities, about the occurrence of interpersonal conflicts in the classroom, and about the teacher s social-educational skills repertoire. The eight involved teachers evaluated the social repertoire of their students before and after the intervention. In order to monitor the formation program, evaluations were accomplished about teacher s conceptions and performances. The intervention, configured with the same objectives as Stage 1, also aimed on emphasizing the teacher s analytical capacity. The intervention program generated gains in teachers social repertoire and in their students who had learning disabilities, confirming the benefits of Social Skills Training about the interpersonal repertoire of educators and pupils. Some considerations about Stages 1 and 2, such as participants motivational characteristics and the application of the procedures, are shown in order to explain the difference in results that were found. Discussions about implications of results for the Special Educations were showed too.