Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2007-04-02"

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Justificando intervenções: a política externa norte-americana e a América Latina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-02)
Merendi, Izaura Peghim
;
Villa, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2211983389134451
This study aims to demonstrate that the United States of America have always tried to dissimulate their interventions in Latin America. Ever since the independence of Latin-American colonies, the U.S. have been trying to justify their expansionism in the region. To the end of the Cold War , the interventions were justified by the rhetoric of the contention of external threatens European recolonization and Soviet communism with the end of the bipolar conflict, the domination has won a new justification, i. e., the necessity of keeping the order and promote democracy. Thus, hegemony began to be exerted through the North-American capacity of imposing its values democracy and free trade in the region.
Novos mecanismos de coordenação no mercado do trigo brasileiro no período de 1990/2005.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-02)
Perosa, Bruno Benzaquen
;
Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7008340716950413
The wheat chain, as most of Brazilians agri-food chains, has had deep changes on the institutional environment since 1990, when the Brazilian economy was open and most of the industry sectors were deregulated (the State diminished the regulation). The effects of those changes were amplified by the MERCOSUR agreement. As a consequence, a complete change of the ways coordination on the Brazilian wheat market takes place was noticed. The relations between wheat producers and milling units, which before 1990 was intermediated by State agencies like Banco do Brasil and DTRIG, where totally transferred to the private sector. The cooperative system and the representative associations, which used to focus on the political representation, had to adapt their work and offer different services for their members. The analysis of the new forms of relationships on this market after 1990 shows that the regulatory framework which shaped the activities of the sector for many decades had a strong influence on the new dynamics of coordination after the State reduced the intervention. This study aims to analyze how the Brazilian wheat market was regulated before and after 1990, highlighting the impact of institutional environment at different times on the dynamics of the relationships and coordination among those actors playing on the market after 1990. With this goal, this study will refer to theoretical approaches linked to the neo-institutionalism, as the Transaction Cost and Measurement Economics, the Network Analysis, and the Policy Networks. These references will support the preparation of indicators to explore the vertical coordination (among actors of different tiers) and horizontal coordination (among actors of the same tier).
Efeitos da abertura do mercado externo em arranjos produtivos locais de base agroindustrial: o caso dos produtores de mamão do Espírito Santo.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-02)
Santos, Fabio Lyrio
;
Nantes, José Flávio Diniz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1900976112613026
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6210663527994961
In the last years, public and private agents have concentrated efforts and placing resources in action programs to the local productive arrangements (LPAs), organizational formations that allow the micro and small-sized enterprises (MSEs) survival and growth. The rescue of the MSEs role in the regions and countries development process happens in a time of resetting of the economic, social and political systems evolution spaces, remodeling of the production systems with the collective valuation, globalization and local protagonism. One of the main goals of these action programs is the insertion of MSEs in the international markets. Thus, the economic growth of firms and the sustainable development along the production chain should be bigger. The object of study of this research was the enterprises of the Espírito Santo State LPA of papaya, mainly centered in Linhares city. This region has little more than 200 producing properties and a set of linked entities that include education, research and technical institutions, financing agencies, trade associations, category entities and others support institutions. The aim of this research was to identify the collective benefits generated to the arrangement after the opening of the United States market, in 1998, and to verify how these benefits were individualized and absorbed by the local firms. The research was carried out under qualitative approach and the used method was the case study. Twenty five interviews were carried out, being fifteen with MSEs and small farm households, five with larger companies, and others five with support institutions. The results evinced that the exportations stratified the firms in two groups: one with the medium and large-sized exporting firms and another one with the non-exporting MSEs and farm households. Despite this, the generated benefits were not restricted to the exporting firms group, being spread to the other firms and links of the arrangement. The exportations increased the economic, social and environmental sustainable of the local papaya cultivation and stimulated the adoption of product and processes innovations, improving the competitiveness of firms and profiting its economic growth. The planted area, the production volume and the amount of companies enlarged, as well as the job offer and the income.
Desenvolvimento de eletrodo de filme de bismuto depositado sobre cobre para aplicações eletroanalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-04)
Nunes, Luiza Maria da Silva
;
Faria, Ronaldo Censi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8902366511280689
On this work is described the development of bismuth film electrode deposited over copper substrate for electroanalytical applications. The bismuth film electrode was deposited ex situ over a copper substrate. The electrodeposition of Bi was carried out applying a constant potential of -150 mV during 300 s. The plating solution was composed by 0.02 mol L-1 Bi(NO)3 in 1.0 mol L-1 hydrochloride acid with or not 0.08 mol L-1 sodium citrate, the electrodes obtained from these solutions were nominated Bi-Cit008 and Bi-HCl, respectively. The bismuth film characterization was carried out by Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (MEV-EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction analysis. The FEG-SEM and MEV-EDX analysis of bismuth film showed that the morphology of the deposits were strongly dependent of the plating solution composition. X-Ray diffraction analysis showed a single rhombohedral and cubic phase for the two bismuth film electrodes analyzed. The Bi-HCl and Bi-Cit008 electrodes showed a good cathodic potential window from -300 mV to -1200 mV. Both electrodes, exhibited a good analytical response for cadmium and lead by means of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry technique. For the lead determination, Bi-HCl and Bi-Cit008 electrodes showed a detection limit of 2.8 x 10-8 mol L-1 and 2.5 x 10-8 mol L-1, respectively in a concentration range from 9.6 x 10-6 to 5.7 x 10-5 mol L-1. For the cadmium determination, Bi-HCl and Bi-Cit008 electrodes presented a detection limit of 1.1 x 10-6 mol L-1 and 6.3 x 10-8 mol L-1, respectively in the concentration range from 1.7 x 10-5 to 12.3 x 10-5 mol L-1. Both electrodes, presented analytical response with good resolution without baseline dislocation, therefore, Bi-Cit008 had best analytical performance.
Monitoramento da qualidade do ar de ambientes internos: bibliotecas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-09)
Ito, Lissandra Xavier
;
Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9281937561272804
The main objective of this study was to monitor and to characterize the particulate material (PM) with equivalent diameter between 2,5 and 10 µm (PM2,5-10), particulate with equivalent diameter smaller than 2,5 µm (PM2,5), particulate with total suspended particles (TSP), and some pollutant gases (ammonia, chlorine, carbon dioxide, ozone, benzene, carbon monoxide and toluene) presents in the indoor environments of public Libraries. Two libraries located in the city of São Paulo were chosen, the Chemistry Buildings Library of the University of São Paulo (CQ USP), and the Library Monteiro Lobato, and two libraries located in the city of São Carlos, the Library Amadeu Amaral and the Communitarian Library of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). It was used a Small Volume Sampler (APV) which captured the particles using a glass fibre filter and nuclepore hydrophobic membranes, and a chip monitoring system (CMS) which measured the gases concentrations. The experimental essays were followed in the indoor and outdoor environments of the libraries, working with a flow of 16 L/min and sampling time of 1 hour, once a week, varying in relation to the day of the week and the schedule of sampling. After the collection, analyses of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) were done to quantify the chemical elements with atomic number superior of 13 g/mol. The chemical elements found in the particulate material of those indoor environments were: Al, Ca, Fe, Cu, Br, Rb, Cl, K, Ti, V, Sr, and S. The results showed that the particulate concentrations between PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 in the indoor environments of the libraries were always greater than in the outdoor ones. The Libraries located downtown São Paulo and São Carlos (Amadeu Amaral and Monteiro Lobato) presented greater concentrations of indoor particulate in the two fractions, PM2.5 and PM2.5-10, justified by the pollution of vehicles, industries, soil resuspension and burning of sugarcane.
Catalisadores à base de Mo, NiMo e CoMo suportados sobre y-Alumina ou Al-MCM-41 - Avaliação na hidrodessulfurização do dibenzotiofeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-13)
Baston, Eduardo Prado
;
Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1277176561519941
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
The effect of the γ Al2O3 synthesized by Sol-Gel method and Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves used as supports in the preparation of Mo, NiMo and CoMo catalysts was studied. The activity and selectivity of the catalysts were evaluated through the HDS of DBT using a batch reactor operated at 300 ºC under 6,9 MPa of H2. TG/DTG, chemical analysis, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, DRS-UVVIS and H2-TPR were used to sample characterization. XRD and N2 adsorption/desorption data showed that the method used to synthesize Al-MCM-41 allowed the preparation of solids with well ordered mesoporous array, high specific surface area and mean pore diameter of 2,87 nm. Otherwise, the γ Al2O3 prepared via Sol-Gel procedure presented a higher specific surface area than a commercial γ Al2O3. After the Mo, Ni or Co impregnation, the supports preserved their structural properties, however a diminution in their specific surface are was observed. The effect of the metal impregnation was more pronounced in the catalysts supported on γ Al2O3, leading to a more diminution of the area and in the mean pore diameter. XRD, H2-TPR and DRS-UVVIS data evidenced the presence of MoO3, NiMoO4 or CoMoO4 species in prepared catalysts, which are the precursors in the obtention of the active phase after sulfidation. The catalysts were highly actives in the HDS of DBT, with the bimetallic ones (Mo and Ni (or Co)) presenting high conversion values (higher than 70 %) after 8 hours on stream. That behavior confirmed the important role of Ni and Co as promoter in the HDS of DBT. The occurrence of the cracking reaction was influenced by the specific surface area of the support and the nature, strength and distribution of the acid sites, with Al-MCM-41 being more active. Cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) produced by DBT hydrogenation/desulfurization (HYD) or Biphenyl produced by direct desulfurization (DDS) were the main reaction products. Nevertheless, the Mo and NiMo catalysts favored the HYD route, due to the more hydrogenation capability of the Ni. On the other hand, the CoMo catalysts were more effective in the DDS route.
Desenvolvimento de um método para quantificação simultânea de sulfametoxazol e trimetoprima em ovos de galinha utilizando a cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência bidimensional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-13)
Paula, Fernando Campos Costa Rodrigues de
;
Cass, Quezia Bezerra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0385617953338357
This work reports the investigation of a series of bovine serum albumin (BSA) restricted access media columns (RAM) for on-line egg samples deproteinization. High exclusion percentage of egg s proteins were obtained with the three RAM BSA columns prepared (C8, C18 and phenyl) using only water as eluent. However, an increase of pressure of the chromatographic system was observed at each injection, which made unfeasible the use of these columns for direct injection of the egg samples. To prolong the life-time of the RAM-BSA columns, acetonitrile was used as a protein precipitate agent. This clean-up procedure allowed the repetitive injection of 300 µL of whole egg samples. For the simultaneous quantification of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) in eggs samples, RAM-BSA columns, in different lengths (10 and 5 cm) sizes and different chromatographic conditions were thoroughly evaluated. A bidimensional higher performance liquid chromatography configuration having a RAM C18 BSA column in the first dimension, and a C18 analytical column in the second dimension were used for simultaneous quantification of these antibiotics. The developed method showed good selectivity, accuracy and precision with limits of quantification 80 ng/mL for both compounds. Thus, the validated method is reliable and sensitive for monitoring residues in whole eggs samples.
A construção da subjetividade nacional no movimento "o melhor do Brasil é o brasileiro"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-13)
Polonio, Maristela
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Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5747038186720459
What does it means to claim to be brazilian? How nationalist campaigns promoted by the State may affect the subject? To answer these questions and to take off from the evidence principles as of the nation and to problematize the construction of the subject of the nationality, we developed the present work. Based on the discoursive theory derived from Michel Pêcheux and Michel Foucault, this research intends to understand how is materialized the control of the national subjectivity, observing the discoursive event where is constructed the publicity movement called: The best of the Brazil is the brazilian , produced in 2004, under the current president administration. Concepts formulated in the scope of the french Discourse Analysis, as discoursive event and memory guide the analysis about the verbal materiality of the texts that integrate the referred movement, and the results reveal the existence and the functioning of one kind of power the governability , described by Foucault (2004) that happens to the subjects, standardizing a certain way of being, identified to the brazilian nation. We noticed that there is in the official publicity pro- brazilian auto esteem the construction of one national subject produced in the patterns of the democratic nation profile, that the globalized capitalism proposes. This deals with the production of a brazilian subject identified to one nation, which singularity resides in the congregation of globalized traces.
Futebol se aprende na escola : novas práticas de sociabilidade esportiva no contexto urbano.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-18)
Santos, Claudemir José dos
;
Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200966011362523
Our aim is to investigate the complex process of learning football in Brazil. The focus of our analysis will be an average size city in São Paulo countryside. Usually, this learning process is related to essential factors which are linked to the representations of playing typically brazilian football, that means a natural gift. Which is completely different from the process that is symbolically and materially built. We will focus our discussion in the phenomenon of the football schools , both the public and the private ones, as an example of co-participation in this process. The origin of these football schools in the seventies and eighties brought different conceptions about the way of playing, learning and representing football in the country. On the other hand, it increased the investments in social policies of leisure related to the youth. While we tried to understand this process, making use of theoretical instruments of Social Science, we could comprehend an important part of the sport sociability spread in some brazilian urban centers.
"Vida Universitária": política, esportes e festas. Uma análise antropológica da sociabilidade estudantil contemporânea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-18)
Costa, Carlos Eduardo
;
Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366260223109463
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7801748517236931
Initially, the objective of this research was to carry out an ethnography of the “tournaments universities”, events that bring together students from different institutions of higher education around parties and sports competitions. The expansion of the empirical scope, however, came in the sense of showing that the tournaments, for in addition to the sporting enjoyment and sociability they instill, they are deeply intertwined with a university ethos with developments in various spheres, from the domestic one, and the analysis of the republics attests to this fact, even the public universe of clashes typical of student politics. The research intends to renew, in a certain sense, the works on the manifestations students insofar as they link them to a broader university symbolic system, revealing a dynamic of its own where the ethos of the game, the party and the sport are not outside the political decision-making. It is, in fact, a system that does not end in the object “university sport” itself. In the analysis of “republics”, for example, the notion of house proposed by Lévi-Strauss for kinship studies proved to be quite fruitful, since the affinity regime defined in these student houses, as revealed by the native categories operationalized there, such as friendship, arrival, “brother”, intertwine and dialogue with regimes of affective, ideological affinity. Without an ethnography of these practices that permeate this intense sociability, visible in the games and tournaments, but which is also important in the everyday sphere, in the domestic, returning to the public sphere from the student claims movements, it is not would understand the more universal training process of these young university students in Brazil.
Inovação democrática no interior paulista : um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento dos casos de orçamento participativo em Araraquara e São Carlos, gestão 2001-2004
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-19)
Morais, Danilo de Souza
;
Silvério, Valter Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4526442820479337
Modelos de resposta ao item com função de ligação t-assimétrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-20)
Pinheiro, Alessandra Noeli Craveiro
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Rodrigues, Josemar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4359114733394761
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9648496455683542
The Item Response Theory (IRT) is a set of mathematical models representing the probability of an individual to take a correct response of an item and its ability. The purpose of our research is to show the models formulated in the IRT under the skew-normal distributions and to develop flexible alternative models. With this goal in mind we introduced the t-skew distributions (Azzalini et al. 1999) and results similar to Bazan s results are obtained. Some applications using Bayesian methods are also considered.
Diagnóstico de apreensões de aves, répteis e mamíferos no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-24)
Figueira, Cassio José Montagnani
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4442973331236427
The illegal trade of fauna in Brazil is characterized by the lack of wide and systematic data from official or scientific sources and it's difficult to evaluate the real dimension and impacts of such activity on Brazil, São Paulo State or other Brazilian State. This research was made intending to collaborate with the changes necessary to alter the present panorama of lack of data and information. A total of 8.925 documents about fauna apprehension by the Polícia Ambiental of São Paulo State from 1999 to 2003 were surveyed. The results counted a total of 45.444 wild animals apprehended belong to 341 species, comprising 41.884 (92,17%) birds with 263 (77,13%) species, 2.156 (4,74%) reptiles with 27 (7,92%) species and 1.404 (3,09%) mammals with 51 (14,96%) species. The apprehended birds were related to 23 Orders and 56 Families with approximately 24% of the species considered threatened of extinction, 13% with no geographic range in São Paulo State, 4% exotic, 1% invaders and 0,4% hybrids. The species responsible for up to 50% of the apprehended specimens of birds were: codorna (Coturnix coturnix), canário-da-terra (Sicalis flaveola), coleirinha (Sporophila caerulescens) e pássaro-preto (Gnorimopsar chopi). With regard to the mainly destinations of the 41.884 birds apprehended, approximately 38% was categorized as No Declared Destinations, 25% as Other Destinations and 10% as Releases. The apprehended reptiles were related to 4 Orders and 14 Families with approximately 50% of the species considered threatened of extinction, 8% with no geographic range in São Paulo State and 7% invaders. The species responsible for up to 50% of the apprehended specimens of reptiles was: tigre-d'água (Trachemys dorbignyi). With regard to the mainly destinations of the 2.156 reptiles apprehended, approximately 72% was categorized as No Declared Destinations, 8% as Releases and 4% as CETAS. The apprehended mammals were related to 9 Orders and 22 Families with approximately 67% of the species considered threatened of extinction, 2% with no geographic range in São Paulo State, 6% exotic, 4% invaders and 2% vagrants. The species responsible for up to 50% of the apprehended specimens of mammals were: capivara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris), gambá (Didelphis albiventris) e tatu-galinha (Dasypus novencinctus). With regard to the mainly destinations of the 1.404 mammals apprehended, approximately 35% was categorized as Discarded, 25% as Releases and 18% as No Declared Destinations. The lack of data about apprehended species and their destinations in São Paulo State become evident in the fact that there are no data (from scientific or official sources) to provide a direct comparison with the results showed by this research. So, the construction of a wide and systematic database about these issues and the planning of environmental public policies, truly focused on the conservation of the biodiversity in São Paulo State, are a necessity that can't be postpone any longer.
O campo da História da Educação no Brasil: um estudo baseado nos grupos de pesquisa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-24)
Hayashi, Carlos Roberto Massao
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Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9136586124586219
This study is about the field of the History of Education in Brazil and it was based on the analysis of the research groups that integrate the Directory of Research Groups in Brazil/CNPq, in order to verify its contribution for the consolidation of this research area in the country. The criterion for the recognition of group integrant of the critical mass in History of the Education was the development, at least, of a research line in this area, as defined for the group leader. The methodology was developed in the following stages: 1) literature review on the research in education in Brazil with focus on the History of the Education; 2) data retrieval in the Directory of Research Groups in Brazil/CNPq for identification of the research groups and in the Lattes Platform Résumé for recovery of the scientific production of the research groups leaders; 3) description and categorization of the retrieved data and 4) analysis and interpretation of the results achieved through the bibliometrical approach. For the development of the methodology, a software of bibliometrical analysis was used, and that had as objective to identify the characteristics of the research groups of the area of Education, consisting of the following aspects: a) area of knowledge; b) year of creation; b) leadership; c) research lines; d) composition (researchers, students and technicians); e) repercussions of the group activities; f) scientific and technological production; g) region; h) institutional entailing; i) scientific collaboration. The results achieved in the censused base 2004 of the Directory of Research Groups/CNPq had identified the existence of 108 groups and 317 research lines. The analyses allowed to delineate the scientific activities of the research groups in History of the Education, its geographic and institutional distribution, the subjects of research, the standards of the spreading of results of the researches and the social relevance of the realized researches. The retrieved data were collated with the theoretical review objectifying to guarantee validity and fidelity in its interpretation.
O Sistema de Inovação em São Carlos sob uma abordagem sistêmica e a análise de redes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-24)
Piekarski, Ana Elisa Tozetto
;
Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805611498433082
São Carlos City comprises a set of organizations that have some kind of relationship (formal or informal, rare or intense) among themselves and with local companies, thus being one of the São Paulo State Technology Pole. In the city, there are actors responsible for the knowledge production: the scientific institutional environment is responsible for 5.3% of national scientific production. Edquist (2004) defines an Innovation System (IS) from the determinants of innovation process: all important economic, social, political, organizational, institutional, and other factors that influence the development, diffusion, and use of innovations (p. 182). Considering the dynamic of the set of organizations existing in São Carlos as an innovation system, this thesis characterizes the articulation between the parts of this system. The analysis framework includes IS concepts with locational (national, supra-national, regional) or sectorial basis, searching for topics in the systemic approach proposed by Edquist and in the social network theory to map the relationship among the agents of the innovation process. The main contribution of this work is the quantitative and qualitative characterization of the innovation process activities in São Carlos, in a systemic approach, including: research and development, education, manufacturing, articulation and support, generating of new enterprises, and institutional conformance.
Análise das diretrizes da biodiversidade em programas de uso público em cinco unidades de conservação de proteção integral do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-24)
Parra, José Airton Salazar
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9357790204758644
Having seen to crescent seeks for the Protected Areas (Units of Conservation in the Brazilian Sistems) for the practice of the ecotourism and environmental education, this work looked for to identify aspects of importance to the conservation, lifting information on as the manage plans they contemplate the Program of Public Use and being analyzed the conservation of the biodiversity is considered in the elaboration and implantation of this program. Information were analyzed obtained through applied questionnaires to the managers of twenty-six Protected Areas of Integral Protection of the state of São Paulo (Brazil). It was verified that is important to define and to monitor impact indicators to subsidize the definition of programs of public use, because these activities can bring impacts to the Protected Areas. The variety of existent ecosystems in the Protected Areas and the interface of these with several remainders propitiates conditions for larger diversity. Several units shelter endemic species, threatened of extinction, besides they be landing points, feeding and reproduction of migratory species. This way, the ecological relationships they should be contemplated in plans to avoid the negative effects of the public visitation.
Estudo químico de Spiranthera odoratissima e atividades biológicas em formigueiros de Atta sexdens rubropilosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-25)
Terezan, Ana Paula
;
Fernandes, João Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2664450414569031
This work describes the biossay-guided the phytochemical study of Spiranthera odoratissima (RUTACEAE), with test against the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa and pectinases enzymes of the faecal fluid of leaf-cutting ant. The phytochemical study of actives extracts allowed the identification of 15 substances: lupeol, lupenone, sitosterol, estigmasterol, campesterol, dictamine, ã-fagarine, esquimianine, 4,8-dimetoxyfuro[2,3-B]quinoline-5-7-diol, 1-methyl-2-phenyl-4- quinolone, 1-methyl-8-methoxy-2-phenyl-quinolin-4-one, limonine, limonexic acid, iso-limonexic acid e 23-hidroxy-21-oxo-dihydroodoratine. The compounds 1-methyl-8-methoxy-2-phenyl-quinolin-4-one, iso-limonexic acid e 23-hidroxy- 21-oxo-dihydroodoratine are described for the first time in the literature. 4,8- Dimetoxyfuro[2,3-B]quinoline-5-7-diol, 1-methyl-2-phenyl-4-quinolone, limonine and limonexic acid were isolated for first time from the Spiranthera genus. The branch extracts of the S. odoratissima were active against the L. gongylophorus fungus , inhibiting 100% of its growth and showed insecticide activity against leaf-cutting ants in survival biossay, with significant reduction leaf-cutting ants lifetime (5,5 days) when compared with the control group (25 days). The antimicrobial tests showed low activity of S. odoratissima against the The flavone biotransformation studies carried out with the symbiotic fungus L. gongylophorus on YNB liquid medium, solid medium and on the ants nest of the A. sexdens rubropilosa showed degradation of flavone. This degradation probably is done by the enzymatic system of the symbiotic fungus L. gongylophorus and others microorganisms presents on waste of ants nest.
Habilidades sociais e desempenho acadêmico : processos cognitivos como moderadores e mediadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-26)
Feitosa, Fabio Biasotto
;
Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1926451232944635
The general goal of this work was to examine the role of analogous mechanisms of information processing required for social performance (social perception, assessed on the basis of facial expression recognition) and academic performance (cognitive processes, assessed via a general reasoning test) which could contribute to theoretical explanations of the relations that have been empirically identified between social skills deficits and learning disabilities. In Study 1, the subjects were 49 children (average age=8,65 years old), from one public school in the north region of Sao Paulo city. In Study 2, which was a replica of the first, the subjects were 32 children (average age=8,22 years old) from a public school on the outskirts of Cacoal-RO city. The study design was ex-post-facto, associated with the correlational method. The most significant results have shown the mediation function of general reasoning (cognitive processes) in the correlation between social skills and academic performance in children aged equal to eigth and a half years old, or older. The social skills more closely related to general reasoning and facial expression reading were cooperation and responsibility. These results have contributed to the Social Skills Training theory, giving more support to social skills development in infancy for preventing learning disabilities.
O comportamento respiratório e a cascata de O2 no cascudo de respiração bimodal Pterygoplichthys anisitsi (Teleostei, Loricariidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-26)
Cruz, André Luis da
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861151975882619
The condition of poor oxygen, called hypoxia, can affect aquatic environments. Their cause can be natural or, more frequently, a consequence of anthropogenic action. Among fish, the Siluriformes group (catfishes and armoured catfishes) contains hypoxic-tolerant species, being considered interesting experimental models. This study utilized the air-breathing armoured catfish Pterygoplichthys anisitsi, with the objective to analyze its respiratory physiology, at aquatic and air respiration, submitted to experimental conditions of hypoxia and air exposure to compare its respiratory behaviour and oxygen transport cascade steps (ventilatory, morphofunctional, haemoglobin and metabolic aspects). From all these experiments it can be concluded that gills respiratory surface is much more developed than stomach s surface, which indicates dependency on aquatic respiration. Furthermore, the air-breathing organ serves as an air reservatory that can assure the tolerance to reduced oxygen availability in the water. It was verified that the air-breathing behaviour is continuous, in non regular periods, but not obligatory and, even in normoxia, its more frequently occurs at night and in synchronic episodes, probably consisting in an antipredatory behaviour. In exposure to hypoxia and without access to atmospheric air, the reduction in metabolic rate and O2 extraction, the stomach supports the oxy-conformist behaviour that is characterized by apnoea with the gradual reduction of oxygen tension. The association among a stomach air reservatory, the continuous, but non-obligatory air breathing, an oxy-conformist behaviour characterized by apnoea, the presence of an haemoglobin cathodic component, and a higher haemoglobin-oxygen affinity in hypoxia perform necessary adjustments to hypoxia conditions. Moreover, the haematological parameters increase hypoxia tolerance, since hemoconcentration contribute to the enhanced capacity of O2 transportation in response to the increased demand and, therefore, result in a higher haemoglobin-oxygen affinity. With the decrease of metabolic rate and O2 extraction, there is the activation of anaerobic metabolism by fermentative process to maintain the energetic supply. Differently from hypoxia condition, the gills do not seem to be functional during air exposure, given that it was not observed a water flow through branchial filaments and, thus the stomach surface can be considered the respiratory organ in this condition. When exposed to air, periods of intermittent inspiration and expiration behaviour through the mouth are verified in order to supply air to the stomach. Additionally, haemoglobin-oxygen affinity is similar to that observed in normoxia and, in the same way, there is not alteration on haematological parameters. These observations indicate the functionality of stomach as a respiratory surface and the maintenance of aerobic metabolism. However, air exposure is a stressful condition, as it can be proved by the reduction of hepatic and muscular glucose and, the increase of plasma glucose, and may, as a consequence, be utilized by species only in emergence situations.
Transformações urbanas na cidade de São Carlos: condomínios horizontais fechados e novas formas de sociabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-27)
Ferreira, Francisco Barnabé
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
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The present work aims to analyze the recent growing process of the city of São Carlos - SP and its social relations net in terms of urban occupation, which has been under substantial changes since the end of the 20th century, especially after the implementation of private horizontal residential areas in the suburbs of the city. These transformations are intrinsically connected to the changes in use and meaning of the central areas and its implications for the municeps. As it is possible to observe along the work, the concept of mixed land-use has different meanings. For some authors downtown, which has started to be occupied by commerce and service industry, has also been struck by the incidence of social conflicts found in mid-size cities, due to problems stemming from unwanted interactions, traffic, heterogeneity, violence, fear and unpredictability of the streets, thus changing both the public and private spaces, especially those earlier linked to the activities of the wealthiest social classes. For other authors, on the other hand, the mixed land-use in central areas presents positive features, such as the increase in cooperation and sociability, thanks to the creation of a net of relations among the inhabitants, which tends to boost the trust of the population. In order to make an analysis of these transformations possible, we have used interviews carried out with dwellers, workers and home help of two private residential areas in the city of São Carlos: Parque Faber I and Parque Fehr , chosen according to their particularities, which will be exposed in this study. Besides, we have included an ethnography of Parque Faber I , as well as pictures taken in these places, because they bring to light aspects not always explicit in the interviews. It is important to highlight that we consider the interpretation of marketing material on this new dwelling concept relevant so as to analyze the sales appeal of entrepreneurs and construction firms involved in the projects of the private residential areas. The consequences of such transformations in the urban fabric affect directly the life of its inhabitants, who tend to occupy the urban land in a more segregated way, in an attempt to get rid of the problems arisen by the swelling of downtown. This attitude also creates new conflicts and inequalities around unique sociabilities, such as those found in private horizontal residential areas, object of this research.