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Estudo químico de Spiranthera odoratissima e atividades biológicas em formigueiros de Atta sexdens rubropilosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-25)
Terezan, Ana Paula
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Fernandes, João Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2664450414569031
This work describes the biossay-guided the phytochemical study of Spiranthera odoratissima (RUTACEAE), with test against the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa and pectinases enzymes of the faecal fluid of leaf-cutting ant. The phytochemical study of actives extracts allowed the identification of 15 substances: lupeol, lupenone, sitosterol, estigmasterol, campesterol, dictamine, ã-fagarine, esquimianine, 4,8-dimetoxyfuro[2,3-B]quinoline-5-7-diol, 1-methyl-2-phenyl-4- quinolone, 1-methyl-8-methoxy-2-phenyl-quinolin-4-one, limonine, limonexic acid, iso-limonexic acid e 23-hidroxy-21-oxo-dihydroodoratine. The compounds 1-methyl-8-methoxy-2-phenyl-quinolin-4-one, iso-limonexic acid e 23-hidroxy- 21-oxo-dihydroodoratine are described for the first time in the literature. 4,8- Dimetoxyfuro[2,3-B]quinoline-5-7-diol, 1-methyl-2-phenyl-4-quinolone, limonine and limonexic acid were isolated for first time from the Spiranthera genus. The branch extracts of the S. odoratissima were active against the L. gongylophorus fungus , inhibiting 100% of its growth and showed insecticide activity against leaf-cutting ants in survival biossay, with significant reduction leaf-cutting ants lifetime (5,5 days) when compared with the control group (25 days). The antimicrobial tests showed low activity of S. odoratissima against the The flavone biotransformation studies carried out with the symbiotic fungus L. gongylophorus on YNB liquid medium, solid medium and on the ants nest of the A. sexdens rubropilosa showed degradation of flavone. This degradation probably is done by the enzymatic system of the symbiotic fungus L. gongylophorus and others microorganisms presents on waste of ants nest.
Habilidades sociais e desempenho acadêmico : processos cognitivos como moderadores e mediadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-26)
Feitosa, Fabio Biasotto
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1926451232944635
The general goal of this work was to examine the role of analogous mechanisms of information processing required for social performance (social perception, assessed on the basis of facial expression recognition) and academic performance (cognitive processes, assessed via a general reasoning test) which could contribute to theoretical explanations of the relations that have been empirically identified between social skills deficits and learning disabilities. In Study 1, the subjects were 49 children (average age=8,65 years old), from one public school in the north region of Sao Paulo city. In Study 2, which was a replica of the first, the subjects were 32 children (average age=8,22 years old) from a public school on the outskirts of Cacoal-RO city. The study design was ex-post-facto, associated with the correlational method. The most significant results have shown the mediation function of general reasoning (cognitive processes) in the correlation between social skills and academic performance in children aged equal to eigth and a half years old, or older. The social skills more closely related to general reasoning and facial expression reading were cooperation and responsibility. These results have contributed to the Social Skills Training theory, giving more support to social skills development in infancy for preventing learning disabilities.
O comportamento respiratório e a cascata de O2 no cascudo de respiração bimodal Pterygoplichthys anisitsi (Teleostei, Loricariidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-26)
Cruz, André Luis da
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861151975882619
The condition of poor oxygen, called hypoxia, can affect aquatic environments. Their cause can be natural or, more frequently, a consequence of anthropogenic action. Among fish, the Siluriformes group (catfishes and armoured catfishes) contains hypoxic-tolerant species, being considered interesting experimental models. This study utilized the air-breathing armoured catfish Pterygoplichthys anisitsi, with the objective to analyze its respiratory physiology, at aquatic and air respiration, submitted to experimental conditions of hypoxia and air exposure to compare its respiratory behaviour and oxygen transport cascade steps (ventilatory, morphofunctional, haemoglobin and metabolic aspects). From all these experiments it can be concluded that gills respiratory surface is much more developed than stomach s surface, which indicates dependency on aquatic respiration. Furthermore, the air-breathing organ serves as an air reservatory that can assure the tolerance to reduced oxygen availability in the water. It was verified that the air-breathing behaviour is continuous, in non regular periods, but not obligatory and, even in normoxia, its more frequently occurs at night and in synchronic episodes, probably consisting in an antipredatory behaviour. In exposure to hypoxia and without access to atmospheric air, the reduction in metabolic rate and O2 extraction, the stomach supports the oxy-conformist behaviour that is characterized by apnoea with the gradual reduction of oxygen tension. The association among a stomach air reservatory, the continuous, but non-obligatory air breathing, an oxy-conformist behaviour characterized by apnoea, the presence of an haemoglobin cathodic component, and a higher haemoglobin-oxygen affinity in hypoxia perform necessary adjustments to hypoxia conditions. Moreover, the haematological parameters increase hypoxia tolerance, since hemoconcentration contribute to the enhanced capacity of O2 transportation in response to the increased demand and, therefore, result in a higher haemoglobin-oxygen affinity. With the decrease of metabolic rate and O2 extraction, there is the activation of anaerobic metabolism by fermentative process to maintain the energetic supply. Differently from hypoxia condition, the gills do not seem to be functional during air exposure, given that it was not observed a water flow through branchial filaments and, thus the stomach surface can be considered the respiratory organ in this condition. When exposed to air, periods of intermittent inspiration and expiration behaviour through the mouth are verified in order to supply air to the stomach. Additionally, haemoglobin-oxygen affinity is similar to that observed in normoxia and, in the same way, there is not alteration on haematological parameters. These observations indicate the functionality of stomach as a respiratory surface and the maintenance of aerobic metabolism. However, air exposure is a stressful condition, as it can be proved by the reduction of hepatic and muscular glucose and, the increase of plasma glucose, and may, as a consequence, be utilized by species only in emergence situations.
Transformações urbanas na cidade de São Carlos: condomínios horizontais fechados e novas formas de sociabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-27)
Ferreira, Francisco Barnabé
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
;
The present work aims to analyze the recent growing process of the city of São Carlos - SP and its social relations net in terms of urban occupation, which has been under substantial changes since the end of the 20th century, especially after the implementation of private horizontal residential areas in the suburbs of the city. These transformations are intrinsically connected to the changes in use and meaning of the central areas and its implications for the municeps. As it is possible to observe along the work, the concept of mixed land-use has different meanings. For some authors downtown, which has started to be occupied by commerce and service industry, has also been struck by the incidence of social conflicts found in mid-size cities, due to problems stemming from unwanted interactions, traffic, heterogeneity, violence, fear and unpredictability of the streets, thus changing both the public and private spaces, especially those earlier linked to the activities of the wealthiest social classes. For other authors, on the other hand, the mixed land-use in central areas presents positive features, such as the increase in cooperation and sociability, thanks to the creation of a net of relations among the inhabitants, which tends to boost the trust of the population. In order to make an analysis of these transformations possible, we have used interviews carried out with dwellers, workers and home help of two private residential areas in the city of São Carlos: Parque Faber I and Parque Fehr , chosen according to their particularities, which will be exposed in this study. Besides, we have included an ethnography of Parque Faber I , as well as pictures taken in these places, because they bring to light aspects not always explicit in the interviews. It is important to highlight that we consider the interpretation of marketing material on this new dwelling concept relevant so as to analyze the sales appeal of entrepreneurs and construction firms involved in the projects of the private residential areas. The consequences of such transformations in the urban fabric affect directly the life of its inhabitants, who tend to occupy the urban land in a more segregated way, in an attempt to get rid of the problems arisen by the swelling of downtown. This attitude also creates new conflicts and inequalities around unique sociabilities, such as those found in private horizontal residential areas, object of this research.
Como sair da ilha da minha consciência: Gilles Deleuze e uma crítica à subjetividade transcendental em Edmund Husserl
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-27)
Jardim, Alex Fabiano Correia
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Marques, Silene Torres
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5574950503189991
Le travail a comme théme la présentation d une critique à la phénoménologie d Edmund Husserl, à travers la pensée de Gilles Deleuze. Tout le parcours philosophique de ces deux auteurs a été remarquable, étant donné le fait que chacun à sa propre manière, a parlé de la problématique du sujet de façon différente, tous les deux possédant le problème de la genèse ( tantôt active, tantôt passive) comme champ conceptuel pour l établissement d une « image de la pensée ». Une série de conversations a possibilité le développement du théme, par exemple, l importance de la philosophie de Gilbert Simondon, pour que Deleuze structure sa critique par rapport à la notion de champ transcendantal ou une philosophie du sujet, des propos précieux pour la phénoménologie. Simondon présente une philosophie « des moyens d individuation » au lieu de n importe quelle idée de principe originaire (ou synthèse subjective). Donc, le complet intérêt de Gilles Deleuze vis-à-vis l uvre de Simondon, en tant que « traversée » du concept de subjectivité au concept d hecceité. Clôturant, la recherche se penchera sur l uvre de Michel Tournier : « Vendredi ou les limbes du Pacifique », et sur l importânce de ce texte pour qu on puisse présenter le personnage « Robinson » de Tournier comme exemple net de deux perspectives : la phénoménologique husserlienne où il y a un procés constitutif de donation de sens à l île de Speranza, voie conscience originaire, et la contre-phénoménologique deleuzienne à partir de la dissolution de la forme-je commo synthèse unificatrice du sens, et de l éablissement de l île de Speranza comme champ d immanence pur, absolu et non-subjectif.
Origem e diferenciação do sistema de cromossomos sexuais ZZ/ZW em Triportheus (Characiformes, Characidae): citogenética, mapeamento dos genes ribossomais e microdissecção cromossômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-04-27)
Bezerra, Débora Diniz
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Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0358338345257495
Chromosomes of distinct species of Triportheus (Characiformes, Characidae) from different hydrographic basins in Brazil, as well as in Argentina, were analyzed in the present work. Triportheus nematurus, from Piracicaba River (São Paulo State, Brazil), was analyzed for the first time, using conventional cytogenetic techniques, base-specific fluorochromes and physical mapping of 18S rDNA and 5S rDNA. The diploid number found in all species was 2n= 52 chromosomes, in both males and females. Females presented a pair of quite differentiated heteromorphic chromosomes, characterizing a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. The Z chromosome is the largest in the karyotype, bearing constitutive heterochromatin at pericentromeric and telomeric regions. The W chromosome is mostly heterochromatic, showing a heterogeneous heterochromatin, composed of GC- and AT-rich regions The Ag-NORs were equivalent to 18S rDNA sites detected through fluorescent in situ hybridization. The 5S rDNA is syntenic and adjacent to 18S rDNA site, characterizing an uncommon situation amongst fishes. The results obtained in T. nematurus agree with previous studies in this group, reinforcing the basal condition of the system ZZ/ZW in the phylogeny of this genus, prior to speciation events. Besides T. nematurus, other seven species/populations of Triportheus were analyzed by FISH with 18S and 5S rDNA probes. The results confirmed the presence of 18S sites on the W chromosome in all Triportheus species herein studied, even when Ag-NORs showed to be inactive. The 5S rDNA sites, not reported in this group so far, were always located on short arms of a single chromosomal pair, close to centromeres. The only exception was T. auritus, which presented ten 5S rDNA sites. Two distinct T. nematurus populations (Piracicaba River SP and Paraná River Argentina) presented synteny between 18S and 5S ribosomal genes, located on short arm of a NOR-bearing chromosomal pair. A probe for whole chromosome painting (WCP), specific to the Z chromosome of T. nematurus (Piracicaba River), was obtained by microdissection, followed by unspecific amplification via DOP-PCR (Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed-PCR). Fluorescent in situ hybridization with such probe was performed in Triportheus species, as well as in other Characidae species belonging to genus closed to Triportheus. In male specimens of Triportheus, both Z chromosomes (1st large metacentric pair) presented conspicuous marks over their whole extension. In females, the Z chromosome showed the same pattern observed in males while the W chromosome bears only a subtle signal on the short arm, or on the long arm close to centromere, according to species. Therefore, the region of the W chromosome with homology to Z chromosome is relatively small. All the other Characidae species analyzed presented no positive signals after hybridization using Z chromosome of Tirportheus nematurus as a probe, even in those apparently closely related to this genus. Thus, these results stress out, positively, that the ZZ/ZW system should actually correspond to a synapomorphy shared by Triportheus species, likely to be unique to this Characidae group.
A ambientalização da formação do arquiteto : o caso do Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (CAU, EESC-USP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-02)
Pavesi, Alessandra
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Freitas, Denise de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4881218657062080
This research focused on the process of greening undergraduate curricula. It aimed to construct a theoretical and methodological procedure to investigate the components of such processes. The procedure used is based on an interpretation of the epistemological positions of a group of teachers responsible for the Architecture and Urbanism course of the Engineering School of São Carlos (EESC-USP, SP, Brazil): their values, experiences and practices, and the problems they have encountered in including environmental subjects in the curriculum. Within the wider debate on the greening of higher education, whose repercussions are manifested in Brazilian policies as well as academic discourse and research, the present analysis of the participating teachers concepts was based on writings by specialists in educating architects and constructing optimized curricula. The results reveal the complex, problematic nature of greening curricula, a process requiring more than the inclusion of environmental themes and content. Decisions and initiatives profoundly affecting curricula will also be necessary, entailing changes in their structuring and content organization and, therefore, in the dynamics of educational institutions, the courses offered by them, and the social web of which they are a part.
O ensino de filosofia da educação nos cursos de pedagogia na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-02)
Silva, José Carlos da
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Nosella, Paolo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256
The teaching of philosophy of the education in the courses of pedagogy in the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the period from 1999 to 2003, is the object of inquiry of this work, and it was structuralized in two parts. In the first , we made an approach to this object of study, showing the historical root of the relation between philosophy and education, the ways of the teaching of philosophy in Brazil and the relations between philosophy, politics and education in the thought of Antonio Gramsci. In the second part, we carry through the analysis of the study object. On the basis of the found concrete data we describe how professors teach philosophy of education. After knowing the professors academic profiles, the documents found and the testimonials collected through interviews with professors and pupils were appreciated and analyzed. In this manner, we exceed the common sense, revealed the estimates and theoreticalmethodologicals referentials that have based this practice of teaching. The research disclosed that, although inserted in an economically, semi-industrialized farming State, at a moment of world Wide hegemony by the globalized neoliberal capitalism, the professors, in its majority, have acted influenced, direct or indirectly, by the marxist theoretical-methodological referential, especially by the historicism of Antonio Gramsci. The research has put in evidence the motivations that have taken the professors to adopt this referential, its advances and contradictions existing in the pedagogical practice, its mistakes, its limits that can be surpassed so that this academic praxis my be more coherent with the adopted referential and the goals assumed.
Algumas contribuições para um Programa de Estudos Afro-Brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-02)
Rodrigues, Andrea Barreto
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Silva, Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3828146239558369
This research is of an exploratory nature and it searches for some contributions for Afro- Brazilian Studies Program, which has by objective to revise the production of knowledge and the appreciation of History and Afro-Brazilian and African Culture. The question to be investigated concerns to the black professional people from different areas, and committed with the fight against racism and discrimination that propose as fundamental in their respective areas of knowledge and / or work for consisting an Afro-Brazilian Studies Program. For that were interviewed five professionals in the following areas: Chemistry, Biology, Dance, Music and Journalism. It was made some interviews, consisting by fifteen issues. In these analyses, we sought for identify what knowledge, values and attitudes that a program should encompass. Among others aspects, all participants believe that a program like this is very important for the black population feel included and valued not only in school curriculum, but also in the society, and with that occurs an increasing in the self-esteem and strengthening of the ethnicracial identity of this group.
O problema dos fenômenos de dirupção e de reação zonal no sistema Pb/PbSO4/H2SO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-03)
Fernandes, Fabio Plut
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D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4836435433244717
Determinação da cinética de cristalização em diferentes escalas visando o projeto de cristalizador em batelada utilizando o sistema monopentaeritritol-água como modelo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-04)
Bernardo, André
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Giulietti, Marco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7703659740618915
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
Previous studies on crystallization as an industrial process have been frequently limited to just one aspect of the process. They usually study parameter optimization or a method for monitoring solution or suspension, frequently not taking into account the several aspects that compose the quality of crystalline product, or the fact that the studied process is such more important when can be applied in industry. From this point of view, this study proposes to go forward to the evaluation of feasibility of industrial application of its own results. Initially, it was determined the solubility of the model-system monopentaerythritol in water to infer from this result some thermodynamic parameters, specific heat and heat of crystallization, which are necessary to a possible crystallizer design. Afterwards, it was done the optimization of the crystallization parameters in seeded cooling batch of the model-system, by monitoring suspension tubidity, and refractive index of solution and chord length distribution of the crystals, in three different scales: 0,35 L in reactor of 0,6 L, 1,05 L in reactor of 2L, and 6,2 L in reactor of 9L. In-line monitoring of system properties, as well as the measurement of crystal size distribution and measurements of optical microscopy of seeds and final product, allowed the optimization of kinetic parameters, considering the existence of agglomeration in two of the three studied scales. With the obtained kinetic parameters, the extrapolation of them to other scales was tried. This scale up was not possible, but it was utilized the kinetic parameters obtained in the 9 L reactor to design a crystallization system, considering two crystallizers: one larger of 40 m³ suitable to product an intermediate chemical as pentaerythritol, and a smaller one of 2 m³ considering the system as a specialty chemical. The simulations carried out, utilized in the design of the crystallizers, allowed to verify that there is limitation in heat exchange of the larger designed crystallizer which hinders the imposition of non-linear cooling profiles, normally indicated in scientific papers as adequate solution to improve the performance of produced crystals. This limitation does not exist in the smaller designed crystallizer, which allows imposing non-linear cooling profiles and maximizing the performance of crystalline product, by obtaining larger crystals with narrow size distribution.
Composição e distribuição de coleoptera aquáticos (insecta) em córregos de baixa ordem no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-04)
Segura, Melissa Ottoboni
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Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5081348804259676
The beetles are an important part of the insect fauna of most aquatic ecosystems. However, with the exception of the Elmidae, they have not been used extensively for water quality evaluation. This is due in large part to the fact that most water beetle adults and larvae, with the exception of the elmids, some adult Dryopidae and larvae Psephenidae, are air-breather and do not depend on dissolved oxygen in water for respiration. However, many beetles appear to live and reproduce in restricted aquatic habitats, thus can colonize the smallest water bodies, and the loss of those habitats may mean a loss of those species. And, if a high diversity of species is indicative of good water quality, then the high diversity of beetles in an aquatic environment is certain important. The main goals of this study were to evaluate and to compare the impact on the beetle fauna from small streams in reference (Conservation Areas), sugar-cane agriculture and Eucalyptus plantations and pasture areas. The main question addresses here was: which are the main consequences for diversity and abundance of beetles with deforestation of riparian vegetation. In this study were visited six Conservation Areas where 20 streams were sampled and three landscape impacted areas by sugar-cane agriculture and Eucalyptus plantations and pasture, where 14 streams were studied. The results showed a high diversity of Coleoptera have been identified 49 genera, of which 44 genera were collected in reference areas and only 17 genera were registered in impacted areas. The family Elmidae comprised 83.47% of the 1506 specimens from conservation areas. However in the impacted areas the family Hydrophilidae was more abundant, it represented 34.8% of the 87 specimens collected in these locations. The results of physics an chemistry of the water variables did not show much differences between both situations (Conservation and impacted areas), however the deforestation of the riparian vegetation was a determinant factor in the alteration of the composition, diversity and abundance of beetles in the studied streams.
Adoção da tecnologia da informação na pecuária de corte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-10)
Machado, João Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz
;
Nantes, José Flávio Diniz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1900976112613026
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648672926501949
Information Technology (IT) starts to play an important role in the day-by-day, changing the way the cattlemen manage their properties. IT affects business management as it allows for search, access, storage and dissemination of information, improving the decision-making process. Besides softwares and agribusiness websites, IT includes electronic devices for storage of sanitary, nutricional and genetic information; television channels and telecommunications structure. This research aimed to study the use and the diffusion of IT in the beef cattle breeding, from the analysis of the factors that have influenced its adoption; to describe resources, procedures and necessary actions for IT operation; to segment (classify) rural enterprises by their technological level; and to elaborate suggestions to intensify the IT uses in the cattle breeding business. The research was performed in two stages, quantitative and qualitative. In the first stage, a survey with producers was performed. Information concerning the different technologies adopted and the attitudes taken with IT, enabled to identify the level of innovativeness of producers. It was possible to classify them by the similarities of the technological position. The second stage analyzed experiences, opinions and perspectives regarding the technology integrated to the productive system. Two properties were analyzed by each category, totalizing ten case studies, by personal interviews. The results indicated the reasons of the adoption or rejection of a certain IT by the producers, allowing for the identification of the reasons why some producers have adopted it more quickly than others. It was possible to understand the modifications in the rural organization due to IT adoption, as, for example, improvement in managerial skills. Altogether, the processes have been improved and became easier, with positive consequences in several areas, including human resources and the enterprise s image in the market.
O professor de matemática e seus saberes e suas necessidades em relação à sua disciplina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-11)
Neves, Marcos Rogério
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2520482268922110
This work is a result of the research about the characteristics of the knowledge related to specific content of mathematics matter that a teacher is developing/reworking throughout his professional career. This is a case study, which the participant has the characteristics to be egress of the university course of the education of mathematics teachers; to have sought specific training in mathematics after three years of the professional practice and have a positive relationship with math and with their work. The design of teacher s knowledge that served as the basis emphasizes the social and discursive dimension of knowledge, proposing consider it as an expression of the practical reason, which belongs more to the fields of argument and the trial, than the fields of cognition and of information. We associate to the concept of knowledge the notion of relationship with knowledge, which guides us to consider the contexts and practices, in which the teacher is mobilizing to learn, or mobilize their knowledge in their interaction with students, the school team, with teaching materials and with the circumstances and demands of the profession. Through interviews, investigate how these contexts and practices influenced the construction of logical structure (requirements of rationality) of the teacher's way of thinking, over his career, especially considering the content of mathematics with which he works. Among the results of the research, we noticed that extent, the consistency, organization, the mechanisms for selection and improvement of knowledge of the teacher, concerning to the content of mathematics, are very influenced by the nature and function of their activity and, thus, for his practice in different situations and contexts linked to school. Throughout his career, he presents an authentic (and enviable) mobilization to learn that feeds the process of acquisition and updating of their knowledge, from their professional needs. However, in their experiences into the course of the education of mathematics teachers he found little support to reflect and improve their knowledge and their practices. Considering that the requirements of rationality are the conditions of intelligibility that a person need for the speech and its action their and the other make sense and are acceptable as evidence of a coherent dialogue, we noticed that the experiences of this subject in the universitary course little nurture the dialogue between the higher-level math and its knowledge, leaving, one hand, of to contribute in a meaningful way with their problem and thinking about the content, on the other, working to consolidate perspective in which their knowledge had been constructed to from their practice.
Caracterização limnológica e inventário de diversidade das comunidades de macrófitas em cinco lagos tropicais: composição florística, biomassa e macroinvertebrados associados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-11)
Tavares, Katia Sendra
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
In the present study five tropical lakes located in Minas Gerais State were studied. The methodology followed the scheme of rapid inventories of aquatic diversity as used in the AquaRAP Program. Four lakes belonging to the Lacustrine System of the Middle Rio Doce Valley (Carioca, Verde, Águas Claras e Almécega) were sampled in the rainy (December 2003) and dry (May 2004). Tropeiros Lake located in the wetlands of Piumhi River backwaters, a River formerly belonging to Rio Grande basin, but that had its course changed to São Francisco basin, was sampled in October 2006, at the beginning of the rainy season. The lakes of the Middle Rio Doce Valley had high water transparency (Secchi Disk readings varying from 2.0 to 2.9m), low water conductivity (20 to 38 µScm-1), pH slightly acid to slightly alkaline (6.2 8,4) and well oxygenated (3.9 to 7.8 mg/L). All lakes were mesotrophic in December, 2003 (Total P varying from 17.38 to 21.62µg/L), but oligotrophic in May, 2004, except Lake Carioca which was mesotrophic. Tropeiros Lake was found to be mesotrophic at the sampling time. Total P varying from 23.2 a 45.4 µg/L) pH varying from neutral to alkaline (7.0 to 9.2), moderate water conductivity (39.6 to 54.7 µScm-1) and oxygen concentrations varying from low to moderate (1.5 a 6.1mg/L). The occurrence of a El-Niño event in the years of 2002 and 2003 altered the regional pluviometric regime in the region of the Valley of the Middle Rio Doce, MG, causing almost 40% reduction of the total annual precipitation, with a marked decrease of the lakes water level. As a consequence, macrophyte communities richness was low, with a total of 20 species of macrophytes only. On the other hand a high species richness was observed in Tropeiros Lake, with a total of 28 species registered. Among the studied lakes in the Middle Rio Doce Valley no relationship was found between the biomass of macrophytes per unity area and the size of the lakes nor between the amount of biomass and the trophic state of the lakes. In all five lakes studied the macroinvertebrates communities associated with macrophytes were mainly constituted by Chironomidae (Diptera) a pattern found in freshwaters world wide. A linear positive relationship was found between the macrophyte biomass and the associated macroinvertebrates biomass in Tropeiros Lake. Tropeiros Lake, although inventoried once had a higher macrophyte taxa richness, higher macrophyte biomass and higher associated macroinvertebrates biomass, probably representing a hot-spot of diversity for both, macrophytes and associated macroinvertebrates communities.
Pesquisa participativa no Rio São Francisco, região de Três Marias-MG: contaminação ambiental e comunidade pesqueira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-12)
Silva, Erida Ferreira Araújo
;
Mozeto, Antonio Aparecido
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6594211224864538
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7837125898429377
The increasing public recognition of environmental degradation and inequitable use of natural resources drives the search for environmentally sustainable and socially equitable resource utilization. In this search context is recognized the necessarily considers different spheres that make up a complex environmental problem including environmental, social, economic and cultural questions. This recent change in perspective and paradigm allows scientific knowledge to authoritatively trump other types of knowledge, such as traditional knowledge developed from the culture and way of life of traditional extractive communities. To develop a scientific research project that considers popular knowledge was used the action-based research perspective on the metal contamination evaluation in the Sao Francisco River trough the water, sediment and muscle fish metals evaluation. The results were compared with the specific environment quality criteria and indicated that the waters of the Sao Francisco River in the area influenced by VM are primarily contaminated by zinc and manganese, at levels that violate the resolution 357/05 of the Brazilian National Environment Committee (CONAMA) in two points during the dry season. In the rainy season, contamination is more serious, as more violations of the CONAMA Resolution 357/05 are found for a variety of metals (Cd, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu e Fe). This is probably due to run-off from soils with residual deposits, increased percolation from retention ponds, and increased quantity of suspended material in the water with potential to aggregate metal contaminants. For sediments in the study area, there are worrisome metal concentrations that exceed this tabulated Severe Effect Limits (SEL) by up to 16 times, indicating a strong probability that the sediments are causing an adverse effect on the biota and contributing significantly to the degradation of water quality. With respect to contamination of fish, of the 54 fish analyzed, only one showed concentrations of metals above the limits for human consumption established by decree 685/98 of the National Agency for Health Vigilance (ANVISA). Another results were multi-stakeholder involvement in an environmental problem through participative tools, promoting the exchange of different types of knowledge, fosters dialogue between different actors involved in the same socio-environmental context, and promotes the insertion of research into the context of the complexity in which the demand for it developed. Science is thus applied in favor of the community in search of sustainable livelihoods and environments.
O processo de capacitação para a produção enxuta: estudo de caso na Volvo do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-14)
Meirelles, Helena Teixeira
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Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5866457906977135
Most companies attempting to implement Lean Manufacturing have focused only on the manufacturing process (tools and techniques) and have ignored the cultural aspects, essential to the change management process. This explains the partial success they have experienced in their efforts to become lean and is largely related to an inefficient qualification process, which were not enough to develop the competencies demanded by this production system. In order to understand better and to analyze how companies are qualifying their employees, this work has the objective to characterize and to analyze the qualification process developed by a company that has been going through a comprehensive lean transformation process. The characterization accomplished help us to understand how companies can qualify their employees in Lean Manufacturing System and how they can structure their qualification process in order to develop the competencies demanded by this paradigm. The analysis of the field research s results consisted in positioning the qualification process found against the studied theory, providing important insights about the direction future qualification activities should be addressed or about the way they should be drived. In the theory field, it is important to emphasize the contribution of the framework developed, which gathered and related different dimensions (critical elements) of Lean Manufacturing System, helping the investigation and analysis of the guidelines to the qualification process for this Production System.
Fases geométricas e invariantes dinâmicos em mecânica quântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-16)
Duzzioni, Eduardo Inácio
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Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828776012924524
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7783163368484914
The increasing interest to understand the geometric phases (mainly due to the possi- bility to achieve geometric quantum computation robust against some kind of errors) and the search for new techniques to solve time-dependent problems in Quantum Mechanics, are the topics approached in this thesis. i) Within nowadays technology, it is presented a scheme to control and measure the nonadiabatic geometric phases in cavity quantum electrodynamics. In this context, it is possible to generate superposition states of the cavity mode which acquire relative phases of purely geometric character, termed the geometric Schrödinger cat-like states. ii) For two interacting Bose-Einstein condensates in the two-mode approximation, modeled by a Hamiltonian whose parameters are time dependent, the nonadiabatic and noncyclic geometric phase acquired by the state of the system is analyzed. For this purpose, analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation are obtained in di¤erent regimes of parameters. Connections between the constants of motion associated to each solution and the geometric phases are established. The e¤ects of the time-dependent parameters on the geometric phase as well as the population imbalance and relative phase between the two condensed components are analyzed. iii) Starting only from the parallel transport condition, it is presented a general de…- nition of the geometric phase acquired by the basis states of a system. The de…ned phase generates gauge invariant observables which apply to a general scenario of adiabatic or nonadiabatic, cyclic or noncyclic, and transitional or nontransitional evolutions of pure or mixed states of the system. Several results presented in the literature are recovered. iv) Finally, together with some considerations about the dynamical invariant tech- nique, it is presented an alternative method to obtain the density operator of two level systems. Preliminary results show that this method can be extended to dissipative as well as interacting two level systems, such as spins-1=2 chains
Uso de métodos clássicos e bayesianos em modelos de regressão beta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-18)
Reitman, Diomedes Pael
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0290791444723891
This work involves a study of a regression model appropriated for situations which the response variable is measured in a continuous scale in the (0, 1) interval, as, for instance, taxes or proportions. The developed inferences were based on the Classic and Bayesian methodology. A discussion about the application of the beta regression model is presented.
Síntese de ácidos anacárdicos e análogos, candidatos a inibidores da enzima gliceraldeido-3-fosfato desidrogenase glicossomal de Trypanosoma cruzi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-05-18)
Pereira, Junia Motta
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6882588789482791
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in 15 countries in Latin America, including Brazil, and it is estimated that about 16 million people are infected by this protozoan. The enzyme glyceraldehyde-3- phosphato-dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) is one of the nine enzymes involved in the T. cruzi glycolysis and experimentally it was proved that inhibition of this metabolic pathway causes the elimination of trypanosomes in the bloodstream. Among several natural products that have presented interesting inhibitory activity against this enzyme are the anacardic acids, isolated from cashew-nut shells. Many biologic and/or pharmacologic properties have been described for this class of compounds. In this work a serie of anacardic acids and analogues were synthetized and their biological activity evaluated . In total, 23 compounds were prepared and evaluated against T. cruzi gGAPDH and Schistossoma mansoni purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enzymes. In both cases the most active compound was 6-n-decylsalicylic acid with IC50 of 55 and 30 M respectively. Through the analysis of the experimental results together with the molecular dock studies, it was possible to observe that the size and substituents of alkyl side chain in these compounds can influence the inhibitory activity and the free hydroxyl groups in the ring are essential for the activity.