Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2007-06-11"

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Ecologia trófica de aves de sub-bosque em duas áreas de Mata Atlântica no Sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-11)
Manhães, Marco Antônio
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6353914519446994
Investigando a capacidade de comunicação e o consumo de bateria de PDAs em redes Bluetooth e Wi-Fi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-11)
Lopes, Roberto Rigolin Ferreira
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Guardia, Hélio Crestana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1889092865795289
This work presents an investigation about the behavior of PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) in wireless networks, focusing on the communication capability and battery consumption. Our hypothesis consists that hardware features of a PDA influence the communication capability and battery consumption; therefore, they are relevant in the access selection. This hypothesis is pertinent because the automatic access selection is still a challenge in the next generation of wireless networks. These networks aim the interoperability among the various technologies of access to allow users to be connected always using the best possible network environment (ABC - Always Best Connected). With the objective of verifying the hypothesis, we have developed an application called PDA Stress which, through experiments, makes the quantitative evaluation of the communication capability and battery consumption of PDAs. In our experiments, we have used two PDAs with different processing capabilities in three different networks: Bluetooth, infra-structured Wi-Fi and ad hoc Wi-Fi. The results of this work confirm the presented hypothesis. As the ABC concept is still a subject of research, we believe that the choice of the mobile device and the communication technology should be done during the project phase of an application. To help this choice, we have developed an application called PDA Chooser, which is a Decision Support System (DSS) that supports selecting an appropriate PDA and communication technology to an specific scenario. The knowledge basis of the DSS was created based on the results we collected in the case studies.
Efeitos do cloreto mercuroso sobre o desenvolvimento do tecido ósseo : propriedades físicas, químicas e biomecânicas do fêmur de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-12)
Vidal, Fernando D´avila
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7711249418825579
Because of the lack of data about the mercury influence on bone metabolism it is important to investigate the bone parameters that can be affected by its effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and biomechanical bone alterations in adult rats contaminated with mercurous chloride during their development. The animals were separated in experimental and control groups: 9 male rats treated with saline 0.9% (0.1 ml/100g BW) and 16 male rats treated with mercurous chloride (1.25mg/kg BW) during 60 days, 5 days/week, by the stomacal gavage. After that, the animals were sacrificed and the right femur was dissected. The body weight, femoral length and thickness of femoral diaphysis were measured. The mechanical properties (maximum and failure forces, stiffness and yield) of femurs were evaluated by the tree-point bending test using the universal machine Instron model 4444. The bone volume was estimated by the Archimedes Principle. The wet and ash weight were also determined. The weight, length and major and minor diameters of the femurs were not different between the groups; however the length and the major diameter showed tendency to decrease. There was an increase (p=0,0460) of bone density of the contaminated animals. The mineral density and the mechanical properties were not different between the both groups. The dose of mercurous chloride used had little effect on bone development. It was observed a tendency of higher values of bone biomechanical properties and a decrease of the biometric values of the contaminated group. This would characterize a more resistant bone in spite of a lower mineral content.
Alterações no desenvolvimento de Lactuca sativa L. e Dalbergia miscolobium Benth. produzidas por extratos de folhas de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. e Melinis minutiflora Beauv
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-13)
Bonfim, Daniela Cristina
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Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9790013207172196
The present study objected to appraise in vitro the kind of interference that is produced by addicion of leaves extracts Brachiaria decumbens Stapf and Melinis minutiflora Beauv. (exotic species, alien weeds) collected in raining season (12/01/2006) and dry season (10/08/2006) over germination and initial development of Lactuca sativa L. (bioindicator species) and Dalbergia miscolobium Benth. (native species of savanna). It were verified also that pH and osmotic potencial of both B. decumbens and M. minutiflora extracts did not cause interference in seed germination indices. The germination of D. miscolobium was not affected by leaves extracts obtained of material collected in dry season and raining season. The germination speed was more sensitive to action of extracts than germination percentage of L. sativa. The total length of the seedlings was reduced in practically all treatments when, compared with the control group, however significative statistical differences were observed just in above-ground part of the seedlings of L. sativa treated with leaves extracts of B. decumbens collected in dry season. The L. sativa root was stimulated when leaves extracts of M. minutiflora collected in dry season was added in Petri dishes. For seedlings of D. miscolobium the leaves extracts of B. decumbens collected in dry season decreased the length of the above-ground part and the root, and the same was observed for leaves extracts of M. minutiflora collected in the raining season. Anatomy studies of root-tip cells carried of D. miscolobium e L. sativa showed that the extracts of B. decumbens e M. minutiflora cause damage on the root cells of seedlings with different intensities, but the root cells of D. miscolobium, showed alterations most emphasized.
Nos nervos, na carne, na pele : uma etnografia sobre prostituição travesti e o modelo preventivo de AIDS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-13)
Silva, Larissa Maués Pelúcio
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Cardoso, Marina Denise
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5018385548495872
This dissertation looks at the discussion that unfolds within the official STD/AIDS prevention model set up to provide attention to travestis involved in prostitution in the city of São Paulo. Using ethnographic methods, I have attempted to investigate how preventive discourse circulates through the travesti universe and what logic presides over the process, from the point of view of the particular ethos of this clientele. The concerns within the field have turned toward how AIDS is signified by travestis, the meanings of illness and suffering, as well as the care that is given to the body and thereby, to the construction of personhood. The project Tudo de Bom!, housed within the public health organ STD/AIDS City of São Paulo which belongs to the Municipal Secretariat of Health, provided empirical bases for my study of how the preventive model was operationalized. My point of departure is the notion that the adopted preventive model - notwithstanding the specific and differentiated connotation it is given in the case of particular segments - can be characterized by a scientific and technical rationality and universalizing normative values that are not necessarily compatible with the social logic that prevails in the organization of the pertinent social networks and the differentiated values upon which they are based. I go on to suggest the hypothesis that recent public policies devoted to this segment have focused their attention on bearers of deviant sexualities as a target population - among which travestis are included - without any greater consideration of the relationship of the latter to the men with whom they relate sexually. Since these men fall within normalized categories, they become invisible for hetero-centered health policies that choose their target groups through criteria based on epidemiological references rather than considering the social and cultural dimensions of relationships in the different contexts in which these populations act.
Entre a solidariedade e o risco: sindicatos e fundos de pensão em tempos de governo Lula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-13)
Jardim, Maria Aparecida Chaves
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Grün, Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1100188232208602
The social inclusion projects of President Lula s first term accordingly proceeded through the market, as for instance: the Microcredit project, Banco Popular do Brasil (Brazil s Popular Bank) and especially the pension funds. Social inclusion by way of market is part of PT s political policies, which surveys have provisionally considered as moralization and/or domestication of capitalism, seeing that it strives to apply the money from speculation into productive activities that are capable of generating employment and income for workers. The moralization and/or domestication of capitalism is perceptible in the creation and management guidelines of the pension funds, which became consolidated as a great concern in the Federal Government s program, the three central unions of the country (especially CUT) and the labor unions, especially in the banking and electricity federations. The interaction among the syndicalists and former syndicalists in the Lula Government, businessmen from the pension funds sector and the Federal Government, bespeaks the complicity of interests and the convergence of the elite around the precise configuration of the pension funds. Thus, supported by the discourse of social responsibility, ethical investment, democratic management of the funds, protection of workers savings and the fight against capitalism, by means of their own instruments (domestication of capitalism), the Brazilian syndicalists have expanded accumulated legitimacy to the financial area in the workers scope. Therefore, their argument on management/protection of workers savings is justified as morally legitimate. Taking into account the aforementioned context, the present doctorate thesis set out to understand the social convention changes that the Brazilian syndicalism undergoes, the ambiguities and contradictions of such syndicate actions and the factual role and power our syndicates command. By the same token, it sought to comprehend the social inclusion policies by means of the market of the Lula Government. Lastly, it placed emphasis on the international ideas regarding the pension funds project, as well as the new institutionalizations created by the market s consolidation of pension funds in Brazil. The present work was theoretically influenced by Bourdieu, Mary Douglas, Marcel Mauss, Robert Castel, among renowned professionals of the Brazilian and international Social Sciences. Empirically, interviews were conducted with syndicalists, members of the Lula Government and those who oppose the pension funds project, in addition to observation participation in the events of this sector. Moreover, field work was carried out in central unions in France
Sobre o emprego de tijolos e blocos de vedação com função estrutural em edificações de pequeno porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-14)
Noboa Filho, Salvador
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Furlan Júnior, Sydney
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1588911302230944
The small and medium size, ground or one floor constructions in the inner São Paulo state, specially the residential ones, are predominantly build with massive ceramic brick or structural function closure blocks without structural concrete (beam or columns). This is known as resistant masonry. This building way is not standardized in Brazil. It shows one similarity to structural masonry: the resistant masonry concept, or the masonry besides the closure function, is also the main structural element. Nevertheless, it does not attend to others construction process characteristics, like dimension and detail process (project), material and execution technological control. In this kind of work, the masonry resistance specification is empirical determined, largely supported by the local workers professional experience and, eventually, by an engineer, documented solely by a city hall standard This study is focused on the resistant masonry building. The usual techniques are discussed ant the main criterion witch may be applied to the wall s dimension according to the Brazilian, British and European community rules. Using representative examples, find out calculations requested by walls are estimated according to different hypothesis of vertical loads distribution, the resistant capacity according to the dimension criterion applied by the Brazilian (adapted if necessary), British and European rules are determined; this values are then compared with the resistance of prism of varied material kinds used in this constructions (brick and blocks) obtained in tests. Based on these results, the structural viability is assessed. One of the many conclusions is the potential suitable use of the massive brick and the relevance of the international standard adoption to the dimension process, to fulfill the small building Brazilian structural masonry standard omission.
O processo de Poisson estendido e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-14)
Salasar, Luis Ernesto Bueno
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5464564215528609
Abstract In this dissertation we will study how extended Poisson process can be applied to construct discrete probabilistic models. An Extended Poisson Process is a continuous time stochastic process with the state space being the natural numbers, it is obtained as a generalization of homogeneous Poisson process where transition rates depend on the current state of the process. From its transition rates and Chapman-Kolmogorov di¤erential equations, we can determine the probability distribution at any …xed time of the process. Conversely, given any probability distribution on the natural numbers, it is possible to determine uniquely a sequence of transition rates of an extended Poisson process such that, for some instant, the unidimensional probability distribution coincides with the provided probability distribution. Therefore, we can conclude that extended Poisson process is as a very ‡exible framework on the analysis of discrete data, since it generalizes all probabilistic discrete models. We will present transition rates of extended Poisson process which generate Poisson, Binomial and Negative Binomial distributions and determine maximum likelihood estima- tors, con…dence intervals, and hypothesis tests for parameters of the proposed models. We will also perform a bayesian analysis of such models with informative and noninformative prioris, presenting posteriori summaries and comparing these results to those obtained by means of classic inference.
Sustentabilidade ecológica de empreendimentos urbanísticos : estudo de caso na cidade de São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-15)
Foschini, Regina Célia
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6971166476750854
The action of the Human Being about the environment has promoted alterations in the natural characteristics which resulted in the resources degradation and a problem related to the quality of the present and future life in the city. The pressure of the growth of urban population and the difficulty of the city to supply, in the same velocity, the substructure demand, have created a disqualification of some urban spaces, and even an implication to the natural environment. On the other hand, in the last decades has appeared the sustentability concept that brings a perspective of a human action more responsible, concerning to the natural environment and to the future generations. Under these points, the propose is to analyse the tendency of the ecological sustentability in urbanistic undertakings projects of São Carlos City / SP, with the objective in helping with the definition and the development of Public Municipal Politics, mainly in small and medium ones. The analysis has been done since the collected data in iconographic material like maps and photos, visits in loco and investigation in some Public Organizations Processes. Besides, historical, cultural and spatial approaches have been done. In order to analyze the sustentability of the select undertakings, specific variables related to environmental aspects were adopted. In this way, a lot of causes of disadvantageous tendencies were detected and it results from the lack or inappropriation of the projects of different parts of the undertakings, and even more, the incorrect use of them, and besides that, because of the necessity of incorporation of sustentability principles in the society action. In this investigation were possible to compare the undertakings, to evaluate the grade and difficulty of use, the behaviour of the used subcomponents, and do some suggestions.
Intervenção: suporte para cuidadores de doentes crônicos através do ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-15)
Altafim, Letícia Zanetti Marchi
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Toyoda, Cristina Yoshie
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5872141115382552
Considering the highest increasing of the elderly population in our country and simultaneously the increasing of morbidity rate of chronic-degenerative disease, in general, there are people seeking to be in attendance, at day centre or hospital; these people are dependents on and when come back home, need familial caregivers. The caregivers are the fundamental importance to keep the patient in his community, to prevent and treat the problems caused by the stress factors among them must contribute to reduce or to postpone the hospitalization of caregivers. Besides, the improvement on quality of life could give the caregivers do better help to patients by influencing positively on the chronic disease course. So, this research try to undestand the reality of the caregivers lifes who s relatives are chronic illnesses pacientes. With this knowlege, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention proposal with caregivers. The objective of this intervention is to attenuate the happened stress conditions of the care activities. The research will use interview with caregivers at USE, at Federal University at S.Carlos; this interview will be taped and latter, a transcription to analyze the content of answers and to elaborate the intervention plan, in that case, a course. The course will consist of informative aspect about disease and daily life activities, as well as, formative aspect about self knowledge. A quality of life instrument named Caregiver Burden Scale will be given to caregivers. After the intervention (course) the Scale will be give once more to verify the date and to check the efficacy of intervention.
Parcelamento irregular do solo como forma de produção de periferia : o caso de Jundiaí/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-15)
Reani, Regina Tortorella
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Francisco, José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0608531937465120
A influência de eventos exógenos no aumento de rentabilidade das empresas privatizadas na fase manufatureira do PND
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-15)
Soares, Selene de Souza Siqueira
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Pinho, Marcelo Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1373686436888322
Privatization policy spread out worldwide in the last decades on the 20th century. The process that was initiated in the 1970s during the Thatcher Government in Britain grew rapidly. In Brazil, between 1991 and 2000, over 130 public companies were sold to the private sector resulting in US$ 87,2 billion revenue. This dissertation intends to discuss and evaluate in a quantitative way how phenomena which were considered exogenous to the ownership exchange influenced the financial performance of the privatized companies at the manufacturing phase of the Brazilian Privatization Program. One of the most frequent arguments in favor of private ownership is the increase in profits. In Brazil, most companies sold at the manufacturing phase of the Brazilian Privatization Program experienced expressive improvement in their financial performance in the 1990s. Several authors attribute the positive results that privatized companies achieved to the increase in their internal efficiency associated with new management pattern. This work shows that apart from these elements, other events exogenous to the exchange in the ownership highly contributed to improvement on their economical performance. This work focus on the main companies privatized at the manufacturing phase. This selection is important and necessary. It is important because it refers to companies that play relevant roles in the national industrial complex in terms of production, as well as in revenue and assets. On the other hand, this selection is necessary because it assures a homogenous sample. All of them present the same manufacturing characteristics and faced a rather fast exchange ownership process under similar institutional apparatus. The results indicate that around 73% of the profits increas were due to exogenous factors for the analyzed companies. The steel industry was the sector that relied on the largest share in this type of events, scoring 80% of participation on the total variation of the operational cashflow between 1990 and 1994, followed by oil sector for which exogenous factors represent almost 36% of the explained total of variation in operational cashflow between 1991 and 1995. The aeronautic material sector presented values around 16% of share in exogenous events in the results between 1993 and 1998.
Entre a lei e o desejo: antecedentes à abordagem lacaniana do problema da ética em "Kant com Sade"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-15)
Mello, Emmanuel Nunes de
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Monzani, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036732603638197
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0030063227209343
Kant with Sade represents an important moment of Lacan s theoretical trajectory and the way he understood the relevance of psychoanalysis as a discipline of modernity. According to Lacan, Freud promoted the foundation of a pioneer way to the problem of subjectivity, which, as it included the concept of unconscious, revolutionized all the approaches to ethics until that moment. It would not be possible, after Freud, to understand ethics without the imaginary dimension of fantasy. On the other hand, Kant with Sade is revealed as the symptom of an important impasse at Lacan s theoretical trajectory, especially concerning the relations among law, jouissance, and desire. This work intends to indicate the antecedents of the problem of ethics in Lacan s work that culminates in the production of the article in 1962.
Gestão de portfólio de produtos/projetos e processo de desenvolvimento de produtos : diagnóstico em uma empresa de autopeças.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-15)
Schelp, Mathias Xavier
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Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1243386992986288
To choose the right projects, to develop them fast, achieving high quality patterns, and respecting the costs pressures. These are no questionable demands in the actual market conditions. The utilization of Product Development Processes and Portfolio Management are some of the main manners to achieve these goals. The Product Development Process adopted in a specific organization should be essentially aligned with the product-life-cycle. In addition, companies need to evaluate and make decisions on the products / projects based in an overall view provided by the Portfolio Management systematics and tools. This research focuses in these issues. The main objective is to analyze the integration between the Product Development Process and the Portfolio Management in a company from the automotive industry aimed at identifying the best practices and improving opportunities. The research methodology is the realization of a literature review followed by a case-study. The main result is the proposal of a Portfolio decision model, and the realization of a case-study based on this model proposal. The main contribution is to detail the Portfolio decisions, based in a PDP model, along the product-life-cycle.
Componentes para manipulação de objetos multimídia utilizando o padrão MPEG-7
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-18)
Figueira, Leandro Donaires
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Biajiz, Mauro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8331600770992494
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2028379941404223
This work presents a layer for the manipulation of media based on the multimedia content description interface, MPEG-7. This layer realizes some parts of the MPEG-7 MDS (Multimedia Description Schemes), and being built by components, makes a base for the implementation of any application that has media manipulation requisites that range from the simplest ones to a database multimedia system. In this last case, it can be a system that have many operations being executed in a database, like multimedia data mining and indexing by low level features, all supported by MPEG-7. This layer was built to unify the necessities on manipulating media of many applications, integrating them and acting as a mediator. It provides interfaces so that the insertion of media together with their semantic annotation is possible, along with queries based on these semantic metadata derived from these annotations. A simplified model for the semantic annotation and queries for the ease of use of these interfaces was proposed, being the annotations and queries made in a similar manner. Finally, this layer allows the exporting of the query metadata on the format used by MPEG-7 for interchange between systems.
Ambiente institucional e a responsabilidade social empresarial na indústria calçadista de Franca: o caso do Instituto Pró-Criança
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-20)
Alves, Elvisney Aparecido
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Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4711787711855422
The present work approaches the subject of the social responsibility of businesses, considering the implications that the institutional environment exerts on business practices. The business world has increasingly emitted signals acknowledging its social duties, and with regards to Brazil, this has mainly occurred during the last decade of twentieth century. During this period, while taking the shoe industry of Franca as an object of study, the factories social responsibility is manifested in the creation of the Pro-Child Institute as a reaction taken by the local entrepreneurs against allegations of the use of child labor in the productive chain. The transformations verified in the national institutional environment are analyzed in the space of the four classic dimensions of the business social responsibility (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic), aiming to understand the determining institutions for the phenomenon studied from the point of view of the actors. The perception of the footwear manufacturers associated with the Pro-Child Institute is obtained by means of interviews and survey of the historical declarations registered by the media. The content analysis is made by use of a matrix of thematic categories compatible with the treatment given to the subject of business social responsibility according to the influence of the institutions. The results reveal the preponderant force of economic interests associated with the international market, and the national fragility in the application of the legal measures, in the field of external social obligations, as well as the moral complacency of the actors involved and the restricted contribution of the governing structures toward philanthropic action to transform the local values relative to the use of child labor. The legitimacy of the businesses intermix with the economic interests in the reduction in the costs of transactions and its social representation, as to the relative weight of the institutions that conform to the environment.
Uma arquitetura de proxy com prioridades de serviços para chamadas remotas de procedimentos de tempo real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-21)
Nobile, Pedro Northon
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1286000431921559
During the last few years is possible to observ an significant increase of real time applications, , mainly of multimedia applications (e.g. video and voice streamming). Factors such as the popularization of broadband (e.g. XDSL) and wireless (e.g. 802.11 familiy and 802.15 pattern) networks, associated to the appearance of better devices and the increase of user s communications need, have contributed. Currently, with the appearance of new concepts of communications like home networks, it is possible to predict that real time applications will be part of user s daily. Anticipating a solution to that predict, this work proposes a proxy architecture with priorities of services for real time remote procedure calls, that uses the earlier amount of tra_c to predict the future occupation network, and choose the most appropriate policy to adapt the proxy to the environment future states.
Protocolos de roteamento cientes de QoS para redes de sensores e atuadores sem fio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-21)
Villas, Leandro Aparecido
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9830590737740134
Wireless sensor networks are increasingly being deployed for fine-grain monitoring of physical environments subjected to critical conditions such as fire, leaking of toxic gases and explosions. A great challenge to these networks is to provide channels that satisfy the necessities of the applications for events propagation, even in the presence of emergency conditions that can lead to node failures and path disruption to the sink that receives those events. Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms can be applied that meet application requirements such as: low latency and packet delivery reliability, fast path repair in the presence of faults and network longevity with uniform energy dissipation. This work presents QoS-based routing solutions, which aims to meet, simultaneously, the main requirements mentioned above. The proposed solutions were implemented and simulated in the NS-2 simulator. Important metrics, such as end-to-end delay, packet loss rate, control messages overhead and energy consumption, were evaluated. The results show that the proposed solutions can be a potential alternative to the supervision and control of physical environments subject to emergency situations
Função de intensidade Poisson perturbada pelo número de ocorrências para dados de eventos recorrentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-22)
Caetano, Sabrina Luzia
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2340330162391128
Atenção à saúde nas pequenas e médias empresas de São José dos Campos: estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-06-22)
Costa, Denise da Conceição da
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5929039577875606
Building actions related to health and safety in small and medium enterprises are not easy tasks, since these enterprises need to deal with poor information, lack of available resources and methodologies developed according to big company characteristics. Based on Case Studies techniques, the present study investigated in four SME not only the way health and safety interventions are carried on, but the reasons why they are conducted that way as well. This investigation made us conclude that lack of available resources, poor information access, the firm culture and management model exert clear influence on the way Heath and Safety actions are conducted. Ergonomics, if conducted in the small firm, will be guided by perception and based on informality, either for changes or measures of the changes. We can conclude that some rules and laws, as well as ergonomic tools, should be developed according to the limitations and needs of the small and medium firms, and so be used to help improve health and safety into them.