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A influência do material didático na motivação de aprendizes da língua inglesa em contexto de ensino público
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-12)
Campos-Gonella, Cristiane Oliveira
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Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906
The aim of this work is to verify the motivation of students to study English in the beginning of their first year right after primary school (5Th grade in Brazil), as well as to analyze the influence of teaching materials adopted in the students motivational disposition. We have confirmed, through our analyses, the hypothesis that students are motivated in the beginning of the foreign language teaching and learning process and, based on authors such as Augusto-Navarro (2007), Barbirato (2005), Stipek (2002), Dörnyei (2001), Peacock (1997), Pintrich e Schunk (1996), Almeida Filho (1994), Viana (1990), Krashen e Terrell (1983), and others, we discuss some characteristics, which if guaranteed in the teaching material, may help the teacher to maintain students motivation. This study may contribute for a better comprehension of the frequent demotivation process observed among English language students in Brazilian public schools. It also presents the characteristics of highly motivating, as well as demotivating, EFL teaching activities.
Caracterização ótica de poços quânticos de GaMnAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-12)
Holgado, Danny Pilar Araucano
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Gobato, Yara Galvão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035102451161467
In this work, we have studied GaAs/AlAs/Ga1-xMnxAs quantum wells (QWs) with low Mn concentration ( 0 < x < 0,2%). The samples were grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) in high temperature (450 C). The growth conditions were chosen to reduce the incorporation of As and interstitial Mn resulting in samples of good optical quality. We have studied samples growth in (311B) and (001) GaAs substrates with different manganese concentrations, x = 0.0%, 0.07%; 0.1%;. We have performed measurements of polarized resolved photoluminescence for magnetic field up to 15T in Faraday configuration. We determined the degree of circular polarization and the excitonic spin-splitting for the QW emission as function of magnetic field.
Refratários para o transporte de alumínio líquido: fundamentos, simulação e prática industrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-13)
Miyaji, Dan Yushin
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4150977564959773
Not only for the development of their products, the aluminum industry has engaged its efforts in services for their customers. One of them is the molten aluminum delivery (7 to 8 t) in crucibles for long distances (over 100 to 200 km). This is an advantageous practice for the customers because it allows saving energy in the melting process, and the suppliers can add value to the metal purchased. Because the process demands great amount of molten metal, a high thermal and mechanical performance of the crucible lining is needed. Thus, a systemic analysis involving design, thermodynamic, microstructure, thermal conductivity and thermo-mechanical aspects must be considered. This work aims to match these fundaments, the industrial results, the laboratory characterization of materials and the computing simulations using a software recently developed by the working team. This software is able to predict the thermal behavior of the heated containers even under operation. Therefore, based on the three pillars named theory , simulation and industrial results a new commercial refractory lining were selected improving the net volume of the crucible and saving the energy required for its pre-heating. As a second step of the resent work, one of main weak points of this refractory, the erosion resistance, was minimized
Desenvolvimento de nanocamadas e nanocristais de Óxido de Zircônio aplicados a catálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-14)
Santos, Valdemir dos
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1070760903014158
This work investigate the synthesis and characterization of a catalytic support of -alumina with a nanolayers and nanocrystals of ZrO2. The incorporation of the platinum began during and after the formation of the catalytic support. The technology is based on the Pechini method. The nanolayer was applied to cover the surface of the γ-alumina, avoiding a direct contact with the active phase (Pt). The structural and morphologic properties of these materials were analyzed through X ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electronic microscopy and zeta potential among anothers. It is found that surface reaction of alumina with zirconium (polimeric resin) leads to high dispersion of Zr. Degree of dispersion depends on several parameters such as heating treatment , zirconia cotent. Zirconia on alumina is atomically dispersed and forms only one phase in the range 10-25 wt% ZrO2. After this concentration level of ZrO2 crystallite are formed. Was observed that Pt present on catalytic support maintain high disperssion degree, this feature is independent of route used. The data analysis suggest that catalytic surface properties are different. Therefore, a particular catalytic behavior for these catalysts are expected.
Avaliação da resistência à corrosão da liga 2024-T351 soldada por FSW Friction Stir Welding
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-14)
Busquim, Thaís de Paula
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Kuri, Sebastião Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8532573164336075
The corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy can be impaired due to intermetallic precipitation during thermal treatment to improve mechanical properties. This work investigates the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy 2024-T351 and the joint welded by FSW. Microstructural analysis and microhardness tests were made. Intergranular corrosion tests according to ASTM G110-97, exfoliation corrosion tests according to ASTM G 34-01 and stress corrosion cracking in 3.5% NaCl according to ASTM G 129-00, were carried out. Anodic behavior was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution. It was not detected intermetallic precipitates by electron and optical microscopy. It was also detected that the joint was more severe attacked than the base metal by intergranular corrosion and exfoliation tests. The welded joint was susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in tests carried out with low nominal strain rate of 10-7 s-1. Base metal and the joint in tests carried out in air and in 3.5% NaCl at strain rate of 10-6 s-1 showed ductile behavior, while the joint with strain rate of 10-7 s-1 showed fragile behavior. The polarization test in chloride medium of aluminum alloys didn t show passive breakdown what make difficult to determinate the pitting potential. Polarization curves indicated that the welded joint had lower current density and higher potential than the base metal. In lower potentials pitting was formed majoritary at grain boundaries
Programa computacional de ensino de habilidades auditivas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-19)
Nascimento, Leandra Tabanez do
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1028716927053854
There is a great need to guarantee more access of the hearing impaired to hearing rehabilitation, specially their participation in auditory training programs (teaching of hearing behavior). Teaching computer programs which can be utilized by professionals, to guide and support the rehabilitation, and by the hearing impaired themselves and their family members, to perform home activities, are an alternative. This study aimed at applying and assessing a teaching program for the hearing recognition of words and sentences in the speech-to-noise ratio (SNR) of +10 dB. Four children with profound neurosensorial hearing impairment and one child presented mild to profound neurosensorial hearing impairment with neuropathy/auditory dyssynchrony, in the age range 7-9 yrs, able to read and write, all with pre-lingual hearing impairment and users of cochlear implant with full insertion of electrodes, presenting some ability in open-set speech recognition, were selected. The teaching procedure utilized the task known as matching to sample, that is, during the teaching tasks, a dictated word or sentence was presented as a model stimulus, and three written words or sentences were presented, as a comparison stimulus. The recognition of a set of 45 words and 45 sentences in the +10 dB SNR was taught, and to present the tasks, a modification of software Mestre and a notebook were used. The hearing recognition of dissyllabic words and sentences in silence and in the +10 dB SNR was assessed before and after the teaching. Four out of the five participants presented an increase in the indexes of words and phonemes recognition in silence and all participants presented an increase in the indexes of words and phonemes recognition, in the +10 dB SNR and in the indexes of sentence recognition, in silence and in the +10 dB SNR, after participating in the teaching program. Based on matching to sample, this program favored the emergence of the hearing behavior to recognize words and sentences, in the +10 dB SNR, in those participating in the program. The teaching program showed to be effective for the teaching of hearing abilities to children presented with pre-lingual hearing impairment, users of cochlear implant.
Entre terra e mar: história e política na narrativa oficial das forças armadas brasileiras – os casos do Exército e da Marinha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-19)
Mancuso, Amanda Pinheiro
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Martins Filho, João Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0883829798601245
This research consists of an analysis of Army and Navy history development presented on the official history publications História do Exército Brasleiro and História Naval Brasileira, aiming at the comprehension on how public and private aspects of those two forces intercrossed for the construction of a historical speech compatible with both, the maintenance of their self-image and the reality of their intersection on nation history. By reproducing and sustaining a military ethos, this speech materializes one of the resources that can be used to understand important aspects of the military identity
Efeitos dos treinos físico e mental no ensino do rolamento para a frente em alunos com deficiência mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-20)
Tonello, Maria Georgina Marques
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6187227604454019
People with mental retardation usually present motor development delays. Nevertheless, these delays seem to be more often related to cognitive factors such as attention and comprehension than to motor or mental deficits. Strategies have been developed to teach motor skills to this population. One of the existing strategies is mental training, which is based on imagining the movement to be executed without the presence of the physical movement. The general objective of this doctoral dissertation was to apply a procedure based on physical and mental training to the teaching of rolling forward, a basic skill for artistic gymnastics practitioners, and to verify its effects in mentally retarded students. In experiment 1 there were two subjects (P1 and P2) aged 15 and 20 respectively, enrolled in a school for the mentally retarded. A single-subject experimental design with alternating treatments was applied. The rolling forward skill was divided in four phases. The results showed that P1 learned all the phases of forward rolling, whereas P2 learned partially phases I and II of the skill taught. We believe that the difficulty found by this participant was due to his motor difficulties, once he also presented an associated physical handicap. The purpose of experiment 2 was to apply the mental training procedure and verifying their effects in the forward rolling learning process in three students aged 12, 12 and 16, respectively, all of them with mental retardation. The experimental design applied was of the single subject in a multiple baseline design. The participants of this study learned all phases of forward rolling, and even though they presented different performance levels, all of them benefited from the strategy used. We realized that the mental training elicited other behaviors from the participants like: following rules, self-conversation, attention, concentration and relaxation. To understand the aspects that affect the use of mental training and to establish experimental designs to investigate this strategy were some of the contributions of this work.
Caracterização elétrica, dielétrica e anelástica de transições de fase em cerâmicas de Pb (Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-20)
Fraygola, Bárbara Maraston
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Eiras, José Antônio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6653223814715498
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337081921331056
El Niobato de plomo y hierro Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 es un material multiferroico: es ferroeléctrico a temperaturas inferiores a 383K y antiferromagnético a temperaturas inferiores a 143K, presentando propiedades magnetoelétricas abajo de esta temperatura. Existen en la literatura controversias en cuanto al número de transiciones de fases para este material, y en particularmente, sobre la existencia de dos transiciones entre fases ferroeléctricas entre la temperatura de Curie y 250K. En este trabajo fueran medidas la atenuación y la velocidad ultrasónicas, la resistividad eléctrica, el coeficiente piroeléctrico y la permisividad dielétrica en cerámicas de PFN. Las medidas inelásticas presentan anomalías a 353K, 315K, 250K e 172K que pueden asociarse a la transición para-ferroeléctrica, a las dos transiciones de fases entre fases ferroeléctricas propuestas en la literatura, y a la transición para-antiferromagnética. La permisividad dieléctrica solamente registra anomalías en la región de transición para-ferroeléctrica, mientras que el coeficiente piroeléctrico registra el mismo comportamiento que el observado para las constantes elásticas. A través de medidas eléctricas observamos un cambio en la energía de activación alrededor de la temperatura de ordenamiento magnético, mostrando a altas temperaturas un comportamiento diferenciado para muestras sinterizadas por caminos distintos. Correlacionando los resultados en la región de transición de fase paraantiferromagnética proponemos que el acoplamento magnetoelétrico envuelve necesariamente contribuciones elásticas (acoplamiento via strain). Proponemos además que este acoplamiento entre la magnetización y el strain es del tipo piezomagnético. La diferencia en temperaturas en anomalías correspondientes a la transición para-antiferromagnética obtenidas experimentalmente con la temperatura de Neél está prevista en la literatura y está asociada al desorden en la red cristalina. Esta dependencia con el desorden fue comprobada al obtener-se anomalías a temperaturas diferentes en la región de ordenamiento magnético para muestras tratadas térmicamente en atmósfera oxidante. Encontramos una anomalía adicional a 115K, ya reportada anteriormente en medidas magnéticas, asociadas a una nueva transición debida a la interacción magnetoeléctrica.
Contribuição ao estudo termodinâmico das soluções de ácido acetilsalicílico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-20)
Maia, Gustavo Dias
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Giulietti, Marco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7703659740618915
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804133304643228
As one of the most regularly traded-in medicines in the world, the acetylsalicylic acid has been scarcely researched when in solution. This study is aimed at determining the thermodynamic equilibrium parameters for thermodynamic models such as Margules, Van Laar, Wilson, NRTL, UNIFAC, Regular Solution Theory, and Nývlt for acetylsalicylic acid solutions in ethanol, acetone, propylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol, in addition to comparing their solubility values with the expected from an ideal solution and with some solutions of solvent diluted in water to evaluate the effect of the water addition in the solvent Moreover, the study of the solubility parameters became to compose the sphere of solubility of the acetylsalicylic acid with some solvents adds the used ones to determine the solubility curves. We also do the study of the decomposition of the acetylsalicylic acid became during the procedure for the determination of its curves of solubility. Through djustments it is possible to conclude that the Nývlt model presented the best correlation rate (0,999) for the adjustment of its parameters. Moreover, it was the best model to represent the experimental data with an average percent deviation of 1%. The NRTL model also presented good adjustment rates when compared with other experimental data. It is an interesting tool to predict the activity coefficient of the acetylsalicylic acid solutions for all the solvents under study. The UNIFAC model presented an inadequate prediction of activity coefficient values with average percent deviations of up to 70%. The solubility sphere was determined in satisfactory way, once the solubility parameters of acetylsalicylic acid is in compliance with the solvents parameters. The assays for the determination of the decomposition of the acetylsalicylic acid had demonstrated that it does not have significant degradation of acetylsalicylic acid throughout the experiments for ethanol, propylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol.
A relação entre percepção e memória no pensamento de Henri Bergson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-24)
Andrade, Warley Kelber Gusmão de
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1095407574148827
Caracterizações da compactificação de Poincaré de campos polinomiais do plano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-25)
Carrocine, Roberta Camelucci
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Santos Filho, José Ruidival Soares dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6112529384454347
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2412567497307494
In this work, we describe the Poincaré Compactification of polinomial vector fields and present two characterization of it.
Os curumins da terra brasílica : a educação da criança no século XVI e a pedagogia jesuítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-26)
Pereira, Erika Carolina
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Bittar, Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8023047694099214
This presentation is intended to examine the actions of the priests of the Jesus Society with the indigenous children called for them curumins in Brazil s colonial-sixteenth century. In addition to that, the study of the primary sources were analyzed the priests reports, present in the letters, documents that indicate the assumptions and philosophical teaching of the Jesuits, and secondary sources of the national historiography great names, in order to contextualize the scene of Brazil in the period under question. The information from the records of priests themselves contributed to demonstrate that the Jesuits ended by developing a pedagogy related with the convertion of the Indians. Understood as "educational laboratory" , the period showed a prominent Jesuit practice in the development of strategies for the conversion of gentio . These tools contributed to the indigenous catechesis through the participation of curumim as mediator in the process of Catechesis. The child was seen by Indian priests as a shallow tabula , blank paper for whom everything could be taught. Through the curumim, the priests tried to win the adults. Therefore the strategies developed with the Indian children were the teaching of the language, the theater, music and Christians rituals coupled to the mnemonico education. In addition to religious teaching, the instructions of the reading skills, writing and counting were present in the so-called Houses of bê-á-bá or Confrarias of boys. Thus, the work intends to cooperate in filling some gaps in the historiography of Brazilian children.
Present perfect: uma questão de aspecto : um estudo sobre o contexto na compreensão da noção de aspecto subjacente ao present perfect simples em inglês.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-27)
Espino, Sabrina de Paula
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Silva, Ademar da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9028512631572133
This study approaches the present perfect simple (PP) in English, a verb structure that does not have a semantic equivalent in Brazilian Portuguese language. This fact brings out teaching and learning issues that one occasionally tries to answer. Frequently taught through out of context sentences and treated in grammar and language teaching books in a fragmented way, through confusing and haphazard explanations, this structure is difficult for Brazilian English learners to grasp. Although morphologically similar to the compound past tense in Portuguese, once both are formed by have and the past participle of a given verb, it is acknowledged that these structures do not always operate in the same way. Besides the concept of Tense, the PP also bears strong aspectual information which is rarely taken into consideration in its teaching, but essential for its understanding. With this in mind, this investigation goal was to analyze if a contextual approach facilitates the comprehension of the notion of Aspect underlying the PP. The experiment consisted of two distinct tasks, one structural and another contextual, and also a questionnaire with questions concerning some verb structures. Based on verbal protocols technique, the participants, 20 English language students attending the last year of Language College in two public universities in the state of São Paulo, were instructed to verbalize their thoughts while performing the tasks. The results are favorable to the use of contextual activities in the understanding of the aspectual feature that underlies the meaning of the PP, since this type of approach seems to attenuate the difficulties found by learners when carrying out tasks involving several verb structures, therefore providing greater possibility of focusing in aspectual features and less in temporality.
Síntese e caracterização de nanoilhas de PZT e BaTiO3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-27)
Albarici, Viviane Cristina
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
This work presents a systematic study of synthesis and characterization of ferroelectric nanoislands. Generally three methods were had been studied: polymerized complex method (MPC), hydrothermal synthesis and nonaqueous synthesis. In order to optimize the formation of nanoislands we realized studies about influence of some experimental parameters. When we used MPC the concentration of metallic cátions (Pb2+, Zr4+ and Ti4+) in the polymeric resin, influence of the type calcination (using microwave and conventional oven), the citric acid - metallic cátion ratio (AC:Metal) and the resins deposition method were varied. The results showed that using the spin-coating deposition onto Si (100) substrate, the dilution of the polymeric resin proportionate samples with of distinct particle concentrations. Some of these regions with nanoislands. With the increase of ratio AC: Metal we had the formation of continuous films. The samples prepared by immersion method showed that it is possible the formation of nanoislands with uniform size and distribution by MPC. Tests in MgO and STO substrates were also accomplished based on the optimization discussed above. Tests with one layer indicated only the presence of PZT tetragonal phase. Moreover the optimized immersion conditions lead the formation of a continuous film along the MgO substrate. The sample obtained onto STO substrate presented agglomerated regions. Also hydrothermal synthesis was used to produce PZT nanoparticles. However, even with the variation of the synthesis conditions PZT powders were obtained in a micrometric scale. On the other hand, the nonaqueous route produced a low cristallinity PZT precursor, with was crystallized at lower temperatures than those reported in the literature. Besides, BaTiO3 was also studied. In this case the samples were deposited by immersion and spin-coating. The samples obtained by immersion did not present the formation of nanoislands but regions with agglomerated particles. The viscosity and concentration of organic material were investigated accomplished aiming the formation of films with the thinnest thickness possible to the samples obtained by spin-coating. The formation of continuous films was verified and in some of them the formation of pores was observed. The formation of micrometric islands was observed at higher temperatures.
Educação religiosa, disciplina e poder na terra do ouro: a história do Seminário de Mariana, entre 1750 e 1850
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-27)
Selingardi, Sérgio Cristóvão
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Tagliavini, João Virgílio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8503750331108989
The seminar of Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte was founded in 1750, in the city of Mariana, headquarterrs of the first bishop of Minas Gerais, for D. Frei Manuel da Cruz , the first bishop of that diocese. This institution was responsible for the training of almost all the clergy and colonial mining man who occupied positions of proeminence in the political and intellectual fields of Brazil, during colonial and Monarchy. First, was made an apporach about the foundation of the seminar, Mariana, focusing the origins fo the Church mining and the precariousness fo instruction in the territory mining, seeking to understand taht the creation fo the aforementioned semiar justified by the preparation of young people for both European universities as for priestly career. Thus, this institution was created to satisfy the interests of elites, which did not need more send their children to study in colleges Jesuits of Bahia or Rio de Janeiro and also meet the desire of the Catholic Church, in the form of Minas a mative clergy. Then, trough the history of Seminary of Mariana, between 1750 and 1850, sought to strengthen the elitist nature of this institution, whose in majority, belonged to the most advantaged and humanistic education, whose aim was the formation of an elite leader and culture. Finally, trough the study of their Bylaws internal and his authoritarian process of education, it was found that the Seminar of Mariana it is a total institution, which possibly has positive and negative repercussions on the lives of some of his former students.
Uma proposta para análise de dados com correlação espacial e temporal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-27)
Pedroso, Flávia Maria de Toledo
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Barreto, Maria Cecília Mendes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2218053283392257
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8633049196791123
In several research areas, the study of the occurrence of a phenomenon over a period of time is very common. In this case, if we use the theory of Generalized Linear Models to analyze the subject of interest, we ll have, as a consequence, incorrect inferences concerning regression parameters and inefficient estimators, since considering the random variables as independent responses, is the main characteristic of this theory. When the variable response is observed over time, there can be a correlation between the observations and that must be taken into consideration on the estimation of the parameters. To incorporate this temporal dependence, we can use the theory of Generalized Estimating Equations, proposed by Liang & Zeger, 1986, as an extension of the Generalized Linear Models, to compute the correlation between the observations. Besides the temporal correlation, there can even be a space correlation and, in this case, we can use the theory of Geostatistic to estimate the reach of the correlation of samples over a study region, as well as to identify whether there is a privileged direction of variability of the studied phenomenon, important data not revealed when we utilize the theories of classic statistic. In this dissertation, we applied the methodologies mentioned above to try to explain the presence and the behavior of the female Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti captured by adulticed traps in the city of Mirassol/SP, with the goal of helping on the search of more precise methods to contain the dissemination of dengue.
Propostas de melhoria para o PDP de uma empresa de máquinas agrícolas com base no modelo de PDP da Toyota
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-28)
Corrêa, Fábio Chencci
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Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6246002913283688
While in the last years Toyota Production System (TPS) has been largely studied and documented, Toyota Product Development System (TPDS) remains obscure, although it is known that a good production system hadly depends on a good product development system. This research presents a set of proposals for Product Development Process (PDP) improvement in an agricultural machines company, based in the Toyota s product development principles and practices. For so much, at first it has been made a literature review which objective was to understand and to describe Toyota s PDP and its leading principles from a systemic viewpoint. The research development makes use of action research method to report the study object current situation and raising its main problems, which consist in the target to be hit by the improvement proposals. Such proposals were formatted considering the Toyota s PDP principles and management practices applicability to the studied company reality and its both market and technological context. The work contributes from the academic viewpoint to a better understanding of TPDS and also from the organizational viewpoint about how it is possible to apply the studied principles as the base for reorganization and continuous improvement of an agricultural machines company s PDP
O ensino médio em rede sob o olhar dos diferentes atores de uma comunidade escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-28)
Menten, Maria Luiza Machado
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Freitas, Denise de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2846406732200660
The main aim of this analytical and qualitative piece of research was to contribute to the continuing education of secondary school teachers by describing and critically analyzing the repercussions of a Programme, called Ensino Médio em Rede (EMR), used to give continuing education to secondary school teachers at a public state school where I have been working as a full time teacher for seventeen years. The purpose of this piece of research is based on the first phase of this Programme which had been developed at a Secondary State School in the State of São Paulo, from August 2004 to July of 2005. The results were obtained from interviews with teachers, coordinator and technical pedagogical assistant, from participative observations (mainly at school), documents generated by all the participants (evaluation letters from the Programme) at the end of phase 1 (July/2005) and from the material produced for the development of the Programme, like videos, books and CD with complementary text. The central objectives of the research were: 1) To analyze the Programme and its theoretical referencial from a critical perspective; 2) To identify the conceptions of the teachers, the coordinating teacher and of two mediators (a technical pedagogical assistant and a supervisor) about public policies, and more specific, about the Programme; 3) To individualize the movement of its insertion in a public state school under the view of its different involved partners, trying to delineate its repercussions, impacts, controversial subjects, positive points and flaws. From the immediate, chaotic and fragmented view given by official speeches, taken from the material made for the Programme, from participative observations, interviews and evaluation letters, I researched through approximations and successive abstractions carried out through the readings to analyze the collected material, the actual context and the theoretical referential adopted by the Programme (reflexive teacher and competences pedagogy) in a critical perspective. I implemented a dialogue with several researchers that present distint theoretical filiations, but it was possible to analyze the opinions and movements. The data analyses were carried out from a referential in the public policies areas and teacher s continuing education, which enabled me to understand some of the debate made by the teachers, as well as to observe theirs views about the world issues and also with the instigating historical themes within the educational area. In general, all the individuals involved criticized the short time of the institutional collective space (HTPC) to establish the programmed activity. A group of teachers also taunted the proposal supported by the Programme, as well as the lack of an open debate of the other theoretical dimensions. However, its implementation was a progress in the transformation of HTPC in a permanent space for the development of teachers within the school scope. The critical way of some teachers to the Programme proposal was accepted as a political resistant in defense to the public school and also the educational work which can not lose their historical role and their specificity.
Currículo em ação nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental e a atenção à multiculturalidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-09-28)
Corsi, Adriana Maria
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5553922167803121
The present study had as objective identifies aspects of the pedagogic practice that can contribute to the regulation and social emancipation, discussing them starting from the studies of Critique Multiculturalism. This way, we tried to understand how the relative differences of categories race/ethnic, social class and gender are present in curriculum in action. The data were collected from two classrooms of the first grade of Fundamental Teaching - 1st and 4th series - through observation and interview. They had been accomplished thirty days of observation in each classroom, distributed for each school semester. The interviews were made with the objective of understanding the meanings attributed by the teachers to their practices. The choice of the 1st series was random and to 4th series was chosen because the teacher realized a differentiated pedagogic practice, concerned with subjects regarding the cultural diversity. The analyses point two types of quite different practices, and in the 1st series the linked aspects of differences were registered stronger in the relationships between teacher and students and in 4th series the work with the contents that he/she appears as central. In teacher Roberta's 1st series, the analyzed situations show the existence of ethnocentric pattern that rules his/her pedagogic work, mainly in what he/she refers to the relationship between her and the students, involving the attention given to certain students, the expectations positive or negative to them, the incentive, the knowledge conception and others. This aspect illustrates how inside of a same classroom they feel different teaching forms and learning and how those processes are influenced for cultural and social differences. In the 4th series teacher's Silvia, themes like prejudice, racism, stereotypes are treated together with the curricular contents. The observed situations reveal that the teacher tries to develop with the students a critical vision of different themes that involve social and cultural subjects, with an education that illustrate more the social emancipation. However, that attempt of developing a practice returned to the work with the differences is set also by some difficulties, as the isolation in the school and the domain of curricular contents in their relationships with the gender subjects, sexuality, race/ethnic. Finally, we considered that the culture is always present in the school education, as monoculturalism or multiculturalism. Therefore it is indispensable that the courses of initial and continuous formation involve the discussions of the cultural and social differences in their programs, with the objective of developing a critical education, "politics" that seeks the overcoming of the social exclusion, of the prejudice and of the racism