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Uso de conhecimento de senso comum na educação para geração de analogias e similaridades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-10-30) Godoi, Muriel de Souza; Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0999074599659982
The use of analogies is a cognitive strategy frequently adopted by learners when they want to understand some new concept. In that case, the analogy connects the new concept with the previous knowledge, attaching it in the learner cognitive structure. Some studies points out the use of analogies and previous knowledge of learners increases the learning material quality, stimulating the learners to use their cognitive strategies. Nevertheless, there are no studies about a way to enable both the use of analogies and learners previous knowledge to facilitate continued learning, mainly taking into account computational support for e-leaning. In this work it is presented a prototype of an on-line assistant to support a training course about workspace safety issues. The application uses a common sense reasoning engine and the Brazilian Open Mind common sense knowledge base, to make inferences about concepts that might be unfamiliar to the students. It is explored the use of analogies to explain topics, enhancing learning by using context capture to help students associate related topics. It is believed that common sense can be used to take into account cultural considerations while helping learners to build analogies. It is also explored the suggestion of analogies, which were build using commonsense knowledge, to the teachers during the project of instructional material design. Preliminary results with students using the assistant point that they considered analogies useful in the learning process, that the system is helpful in understanding new concepts, and that it helps connect the information searched for with common sense knowledge.
Planejamento de transporte cicloviário urbano: organização da circulação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-10-30) Teramoto, Telmo Terumi; Sanches, Suely da Penha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9838983945355641
The spatial organization of Brazilian cities and the organization of their transportation systems have been causing an uneven accessibility distribution among other issues. This unbalance is marked by the fact that people who use private motorized modes of transportation are the ones that have been benefiting the most while the ones that use non motorized modes have been experiencing the worst conditions. The knowledge about the motorized transportation is much more developed than the knowledge regarding cycling as a mode of transportation. As long as this kind of unbalance remains there will not be equity in the society areas related to transportation. The purpose of this research is to provide general data and the fundamentals to permit the comprehension of the urban cycling transportation characteristics and the ways of organizing the cycling space as well. By evaluating different ways of organizing this space this dissertation presents the ones that had the best results or the ones that have the best potential to favourable results and that are also generic enough to be adequate to a great number of Brazilian localities. Within the chosen objectives the discussions and propositions presented in this dissertation are focused on introducing the bicyclists inside the road system so it would be possible to them to go everywhere in the cities under adequate conditions. Therefore the search was for discussions and propositions that took the bicyclists needs into consideration avoiding the ones that could exclude the bicyclists. This dissertation is focused on ways of organizing the cycling space that are suitable to new urbanization projects but specially on the ones that can fit to the areas with established road systems. This research allowed the verification that urban cycling transportation can really occur in a more harmonious way with the others modes of transportation. The presented and evaluated propositions indicate that cycling transportation is not incompatible with the motorized transportation
Aspectos da participação política e da atuação de entidades assistenciais num município de pequeno porte do interior paulista: o caso de Urupês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-10-30) Crivelaro, Sérgio Henrique Rezende; Francisco, José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2427400590964671
This work aims to understand the organization of the political dimension of the small municipalities before the ideals of democracy and sustainability for public policy and planning. It starts with the hypothesis that the political dimension of the small municipalities is configured by 1) closer relations of sociability (such as mutual understanding, personality, friendship, neighborhood, kinship), 2) institutions of public character (on religious and assistance), 3) and the municipal administration itself (mainly represented by the figure of the mayor). The research strategy is based on the exploratory case study unique. As empirical object was selected Urupês municipality located in the northwestern region of São Paulo, Brazil. Through literature review, exploratory survey, direct observation, interviews, questionnaires and systematization of the data, the results confirm the hypothesis proposed and allow the following considerations: 1) the characteristics of sociability are important and provide channels of communication, participation and social representation to identify the demand and provision of public character, aggravating or benefiting the social and environmental conditions in the city, 2) lack a greater understanding of the role of each actor in society, 3) lack most effective communication not only formal between executive, legislative and judicial branches, 4) entities of public nature, especially of a religious and care nature, play an important role with regard to minimizing social inequalities. Thus, the characterization of the political dimension of the small municipalities proved to be very relevant to clarify possibilities and minimize contradictions for thinking about public policies for sustainable and democratic planning.
Transferência de tecnologia e gestão da propriedade intelectual em universidades públicas no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-10-30) Garnica, Leonardo Augusto; Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1523273500954910
The importance of the technology management in Brazilian public universities has been increasing due to the great potential regarding technology transfer from those organizations to industries. After the Innovation Law in 2004, this point of view has been encouraged by the establishment of specific guidelines regarding intellectual property, technology cooperation with outside organizations and the role of universities in scientific and technological development, as a part of the Brazilian innovation system. In this context, the objective of this work was to understand how the public universities of the State of São Paulo structure their regulation of intellectual property and technology transfer processes for companies, as well as to identify forces and obstacles for that practice. The empiric part of the work consisted of five case studies in public universities located in the State of São Paulo, using exploratory and qualitative analysis. The universities studied were: University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo State University - Unesp, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp) and Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). All the regulations of intellectual property that affect the technological management in those universities were researched, as well as information concerning patenting performance and technology commercialization, including interviews with university technology managers. In order to gain full understanding of how the technology transfer process happens, illustrative studies were carried out, using a contract from each one university (patent licensing or sponsor research contract) involving companies. The results of the work were divided in two categories. A first comparison of more restricted character involved illustrative studies of technology transfer of processes from the five universities. The second, a more in-depth approach, involved considerations concerning technology management in these universities. Regarding the first perspective, the results were shown as a schematic representation for each process, with similar indicatives in juridical-administrative terms. We also analyzed the relationship between the people involved in technology transfer and the characteristics of the organizations involved in it. As a general conclusion, it was noticed that formal technology transfer using intellectual property has been growing in the public universities of the São Paulo State. We could also observe that a process of physical and personnel structuring is taking place in all the cases and that all the universities concerned have intellectual property regulations. The comparative analysis carried out shows which universities are more actively involved in patenting and technology commercialization. The results also demonstrate and discuss the challenges that have been identified for the improvement of technology transfer in these universities. The main ones are: the spread of the intellectual property culture, technology evaluation, establishment and consolidation of best practices in management and international technology protection, as well as alignment of policies among the institutions which share and generate intellectual property.