Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2007-11-25"

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A eficácia do IPTU progressivo como instrumento de planejamento urbano : a experiência do município de Assis, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-25)
Floeter, Roberto de Almeida
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Silva, Ricardo Siloto da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377643694463539
The research at issue broaches the application of progressive escalation in the County Real Property Tax (IPTU) of empty lots in Brazilian towns, the so-called Progressive IPTU collected in the county of Assis (SP) from 1977 to 2006. The urbanization and urban growth process which speeded up in Brazil from 1940 on and whose dynamics did not make any difference concerning geographical scales (large cities, average towns, small villages) reckoned upon the help of the main social, economical, and political agents involved in the production and sale process of the urban space, which left some distinguishing marks on Brazilian cities and towns such as the indiscriminate opening of new property developments, the boundless expansion of urban space, the precarious condition of low-cost dwellings, the banishment of the needy to the poor outskirts of cities and towns and the great amount of urban areas and lots left empty waiting for public investments and its following appreciation in value. One shows the considerable effort expended along the last forty years by organized sectors of society in favor of an urban reform and the introduction of various devices and means such as the Progressive IPTU into the Federal Constitution. The county of Assis (SP) is a remarkable case, for in 1977 it introduced a tax collection model to progressively levy county real property tax on empty lots, making it an effective means to achieve urban tax collection and planning. IPTU and its progressive quality became an important urban policy device in order to fight tax iniquities, to improve and to provide benefits and wealth to the population. Unfortunately, political changes effected in the county administration and political pressure put on by sectors linked to urban real property owners defaced that model and changed IPTU into a mere tax collection device, without pointing out its importance as a means to fight real property speculation and the implementation of the County Bylaws.
Análise da percepção das condições da infraestrutura dos pontos de ônibus oferecida aos usuários : um estudo de caso da cidade de São João da Boa Vista, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-26)
Bassi Filho, Raphael
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Ferreira, Marcos Antonio Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643134259454260
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1957181824022952
This paper is the result from a research which has been done to identify the importance of the expected attributes inside a bus stop design: which are characterized by a system of information and by its framework (furnishings) which may offer to the passengers appropriate conditions during the time that are waiting to board. The variant which distinguish the attributes from the information system and the furnishings elements from the bus stop were selected from a huge amount of variable list through a bibliographic review. The importance of these variants was determined through the information process which has been gotten from the application of a research with the users of this system using the “Professed Priority Technique”. It was noticed that the bus stop features, which were favorite by the users, must offer safe and comfort conditions (seat with shelters), whose furnishings components refer to; and bus stop identification facilities (place identification advertisement) , when it is approached the information system. Subsequently the users prefer that the bus stop environment arranges others facilities (line identification; outline rout, clock, advertising picture and wastebasket). The final result will be able to contribute to a project definition which are bound for a bus stop betterment, giving a better importance to the increase of this kind of transportation demand.
Uma arquitetura de nomeação para a internet utilizando redes virtuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-26)
Sousa, Joelle Quaini
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Guardia, Hélio Crestana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2594257783502353
Regarding new computational and networking requisites such as wireless networks, mutihoming interfaces, load-balancing mechanisms and several other middleboxes [1] present today, these facts, allied to the static and conservative nature of the Internet and its sheer size turn the capability to correct these problems an almost impossible attempt, as it demands structural changes. In the Internet inception, in the late 70th, neither mobility nor multihoming where foreseen in its original intents. In this sense, the proposition of a novel naming architecture for the Internet to identify univocally services and data, irrespective to its node characteristics, would have an acute changing effect and will allow its elements to be precisely represented and authenticated. In order to achieve these purposes, the use of Virtual Networks was considered as it allows the incremental introduction of new technologies, protocols and applications being itself a more viable alternative when compared to several failed attempts to introduce new structural changes to the Internet [2; 3]. A proposal for a taxonomy for Virtual Networks was described here as a result of a site survey that was conducted to function as subject to this architecture proposition. Besides, a literature investigation of related projects followed by a network testbed of several protocols originated the proposition of a Layered Naming Architecture for the Internet using Virtual Networks.
Expansão urbana e formação dos territórios de pobreza em Ribeirão Preto : os bairros surgidos a partir do núcleo colonial Antônio Prado (1887)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-26)
Silva, Adriana Capretz Borges da
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Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8442998314283012
This paper is aimed at studying the neighborhoods that originated from the Antônio Prado Colonial Nucleus in the city of Ribeirão Preto in 1887. Meeting the needs of the coffee complex, the colonials occupied the vacant lands still available in the city. The purpose of the colonial nucleus was to supply the population with subsistence goods, attract and set the workforce for the agriculture by means of allotment, but also to modify the profile of the urban inhabitants. Among the demands to acquire a plot of land, the candidate should be a foreigner who had an urban job and also be able to construct his/her won commercial or residential establishment. It was also demanding that the candidate kept an effective cultivation of the land and afforded the maintenance and construction of the improvements in his/her plots of land, under the penalty of losing it in case of breach of the norms established. The two hundred plots that formed the colonial nucleus were immediately occupied and in 1892, after the payment of the debts by most of the previous owners, they were subdivided and got into the market of local lands. At that time, Ribeirão Preto started to testify the development generated by the coffee monoculture, which stimulated the construction of the urban infrastructure, the arrival of the railway, and the installation of a network of services related to the coffee complex. The current urbanism and public health policies, regulated by the "Codes of Conduct", kept away from the population focuses of contamination such as hospitals, cemeteries, industries and slaughterer houses, but it also "protected" the city from "undesirable" people against the maintenance of the new republican elite: poor and sick people, former slaves, immigrants and transgressors. Thus, the area of Antônio Prado Colonial Nucleus corresponded to a deposit of everything that should be "made invisible" regarding human beings and constructions. In face of the segregation imposed by the elites, for whom the immigrants were desirable for work, but not for social relationships, this study showed some of the living strategies of the colonial nucleus inhabitants and the ways by which they modulated an image of themselves and of the city, having the physical space as the definer of the actions. For that, this paper presents the colonials' horticulture production, the development of the jobs, industries, commerce, and the rendering of services, and also religious and associative activities. These were means through which the immigrants could establish more intensely a brotherhood among themselves. After 120 years, as a consequence of the segregation, most of the neighborhoods originated from the former Colonial Nucleus neither grows vertically, nor its plots acquires better prices, although they are located next to downtown.
Caracterização e avaliação de filmes metálicos para uso em ultra-alto vácuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-27)
Ferreira, Marcelo Juni
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Nascente, Pedro Augusto de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387043320265189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5471938976013160
The construction of ultra-high vacuum chambers (UHV) for particle accelerators demands pressure in the range of 10-8 Pa, and this is particularly difficult to achieve in chambers with the length to traverse section rate of approximately 150:1. Among several methods used to obtain this condition, it stands out the internal coating with metallic films capable of absorbing gases, called NEG (Non-Evaporable Getter). These metallic films, cannot have gas molecules on the surface and should be deposited on the internal surface of the chamber, making it a vacuum pump. Usually these materials are constituted by elements of great chemical reactivity and solubility (such as Ti, Zr and V), at room temperature for oxygen and other gases typically found in UHV (H2, CO and CO2), besides having low oxygen temperature diffusion (< 700 K), the so called activation temperature. The objective of this work is to characterize and to evaluate TiZrV alloy and Au films produced by magnet sputtering for UHV application. The structure, morphology and aging of the films have been characterized in order to know how much of the gas absorption property at low temperature can be attributed to the structure formed by the deposition process and the chemical reactivity of the elements. The morphological, structural and chemical characterization was carried out by atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and photon stimulated desorption (PSD). The produced materials were compared with commercial TiZrV samples, and this comparison made clear that the desired characteristics are related to the nanometric structure of the films and that the structure is clearly sensitive to the heat treatments.
Determinação versus subjetividade: apropriação e ultrapassagem do estruturalismo pela psicanálise lacaniana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-27)
Sales, Léa Silveira
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
Dans la bibliographie concernant la psychanalyse lacanienne aussi bien que dans celle de l'histoire des idées en France dans la seconde moitié du XXème siècle, on trouve souvent l'indication de Jacques Lacan comme l une des figures les plus représentatives d'une certaine forme de penser que l'on a rétroactivement convenu de nommer "structuralisme" et dont les origines remontent aux recherches et propositions anthropologiques de Claude Lévi-Strauss. Tout d'abord, cette recherche essaie d'analyser non pas seulement la pertinence d'une telle indication, mais également les lignes de force et le mouvement théorique plus profond qui y sont impliqués. Autrement dit, elle pose initialement la question suivante: si Lacan a en effet subi une forte influence de l'anthropologie structurelle, à quoi, exactement, cela peut-il être imputé? Au champ psychanalytique, quelles sont les inquiétudes théoriques auxquelles la référence à la structure est supposée répondre? Comment a-t-elle été introduite dans une démarche qui avait déjà pris forme au sein de projets orientés vers la psychiatrie et la psychologie? Puis, le travail se tourne vers les tâches héritées de ce dialogue: il faut analyser les redescriptions lacaniennes de processus propres à la psychanalyse (OEdipe, psychose et désir, par exemple), ainsi que quelques thèmes philosophiques qui y sont liés, tels que les conceptions de vérité et de réalité et le problème de la présence d'une ontologie. La continuité de la recherche s'est imposée de par les résultats obtenus jusqu alors. Car dialoguer avec la structure exige, de la psychanalyse qui le fait, la rénovation de la pensée sur le sujet. La manière, déjà bien connue, dont elle s'en interroge apporte les termes suivants: dès que l'on assume que l'inconscient est structuré comme un langage, qu'est-ce que le sujet? C'est la confrontation jusqu'aux dernières conséquences à cette question qui, à son tour, contraint le psychanalyste à s acheminer vers un certain dépassement de la structure qui, naturellement, ne correspond pas à son abandon, mais à son ouverture, alors exprimée dans la notion de signifiant d'un manque dans l'Autre. On verra dans quel sens le surgissement, dans la théorie, de l'objet a opérateur central de la psychanalyse lacanienne n'est pas étranger à un tel parcours.
Complexos carbonílicos de rutênio. De um gás tóxico a uma droga com potencial agente citotóxico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-27)
Barbosa, Marília Imaculada Frazão
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4629917779644809
In this work ruthenium carbonyl complexes were synthesized and characterized which allowed an interesting spectroscopic and structural study as well as preliminary in vitro antitumor activity assays. Thus, the interests in the transition metal carbonyls, which carry and liberate CO, are also emerging as a pharmacological tool to mimic the bioactivity of endogenously generated CO. Therefore, this complex is being extensively studied for many applications in medicine. Starting from the cis-[RuCl2(dppb)(N-N)], N-N = bipy, Me-bipy, MeO-bipy, Cl-bipy, phen and bam, precursors, were obtained complexes with general formula ct-[RuCl(CO)(dppb)(N-N)]PF6 (P trans CO - series 1), for N-N = bipy and phen, starting from [Ru2Cl4(dppb)3], were obtained geometric isomers showing Cl trans CO - series 2 and for N-N = bipy was obtained the isomer with N trans CO - complex 9. Utilizing the mer-[RuCl3(dppb)(H2O] were obtained two isomers with general formula [RuCl2(CO)2(dppb)] (where the CO molecule is cis or trans positioned to P, labeled complexes 7 and 8 respectively. The formulations of compounds were proposed on the basis of the usual techniques: IV, NMR, X-ray and elemental analysis. The crystallographic and NMR 31P{1H} data showed a great influence of the ð acceptor CO ligand on the Ru-P distance and P chemical shift, respectively. The cyclic voltammogram showed high values for the oxidation of RuII/RuIII. The obtention of geometric isomers allowed the analyzes of the electronic influence of CO on the ligand trans. The cytotoxicity tests in tumor cells were performed with the three isomers of ct- [RuCl(CO)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 with the aim to study the influence of the isomer type on the cell viability. Low values of IC50 were found, however no significative differences were observed among the ruthenium complex isomers. When compared with the metallodrug reference, cisplatin, these carbonyl ruthenium complexes showed lower value of IC50.
Mídia e beleza negra: a mulher negra em propagandas televisivas de produtos de higiene e beleza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-27)
Gomes, Ana Paula Pereira
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3605021512033683
This research addresses the representation of black women in television advertisements of hygiene and beauty products in Brazil in the early 2000s. The analysis sought to investigate the historical and sociological context of the emergence of Rexona Ebony, Vasenol (for "dark and black skin") and Seda for curly hair "chemically treated" and its advertisements. Given that they are products belonging to the multinational Unilever and that already existed in other versions, the dissertation sought to analyze which political and social factors influenced the market choice of brands in launching variations aimed at the black skin public at this specific moment, as well as to analyze how this phenomenon dialogues with the concept of black beauty; and how the media representation elaborated by these brands impacts the self-image of their consumers.
Análise espacial das taxas de mortalidade por atropelamento dos municípios paulistas utilizando ferramentas de estatística espacial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-30)
Ferreira, Ana Cristina Maurício
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7226501479696435
The Brazil presents exalted indexes of accidents and constitute one of bigger problems of public health, leaving in year, thousands of deads or peoples with temporaries or permanencies deficiencies. It is necessary to consider that big piece of accidents occurred in the country are trampling down, been that your mortality also presents raised numbers. In Brazil occur approachment 5,6 deaths for 100 thousand habitants in year. The São Paulo State presents numbers very higher at national average, of nine deaths for 100 thousand habitants. Many municipality of São Paulo State presented, in year s 2005, indexes higher at 20 deaths for 100 thousand habitants. Considering that are not many the research that discuss specified of problem of trampling down, this work can be interesting with intension of to help your understanding and identify possible contributing factories for your incident. This research had for mainly objective to analyze the incident of deaths for trampling down in the municipalities of São Paulo State, considering that discuss of a spacious phenomenon, where the localization is a important attribute, permitting so, the search for existence of stone of distribution, tendency and dependence spacious. For this been utilized implements of GIS and of spacious statistics. Was understandied that the São Paulo State presents three groupment of area with clusters, localized in the region northwest/ centre-west, south-east and south of State. Presents also correlation spacious signified with some indicates studieds like the case of demography density, populational increase, age of population, level of urbanization, municipalities and index of motorization. Also is necessary be considered that the trampling down can be associate with factors specified of each municipalities, like the less structure adequate that permit a secure circulation of pedestrian as much urban place as in the highway.
Prospecção de locos microssatélite e análise da variabilidade genética em uma população do Mato Grosso do Sul, visando a conservação da Arara Vermelha, Ara chloroptera (Psittacidae, Aves)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-30)
Martins, Julia Mara
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4378980034936802
Several Psittacidae species, as those of Ara genus, have biological characteristics frequently associate with extinction risk. These include corporal size, specialized food preferences, low rate of population growth, restricted habitat and geographic dispersal. Genetic studies are important tools because they provide helpfulness for the conservation of those species with high extinction risks. Microsatellite markers are frequently used in population and conservation studies, and are usually isolated from the genome of the targeted species or of the related species. The main goal of this study was evaluate the genetic variation of Ara chloroptera inhabiting a touristic area, named Buraco das Araras, in Mato Grosso do Sul. For such way, six microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized and were useful to assess the genetic variation of Ara chloroptera and presented also a good value to study other Neotropical parrot. The studied population showed a genetic variation value comparable to that previously observed in a non endangered congeneric species. A significant Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium was detected, probably related to migrants. It was hypothesized the occurrence a throughout of the years alternation of visiting individuals. The Buraco das Araras constitutes a favorable and helpful environment for reproduction and food of the red-and-green macaw and species conservation.
As políticas públicas municipais para a educação de crianças de zero a três anos na cidade de São Carlos: um estudo sobre o período de 1977 a 2006, a partir das falas de agentes do Estado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-11-30)
Tebet, Gabriela Guarnieri de Campos
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5599239425689574
This work discourses on the municipal public politics for the education of children from zero to three years in the city of São Carlos, configuring itself as a study on the period of 1977 to 2006, carried out through the speeches of State agents. It presents brief history of this town, the influence of the doctor-hygienism in the children's education and characterizes and discuss the type of attendance offered at the daycare centers in São Carlos as well as the public politics oriented to children from zero to three years old in distinct moments in the city's history and raises questions concerning to the children education that has been nationaly discussed, but that in this work appear from the analysis of the local experience of infancy support. The proposed analysis for this work was done based on the history of the day-care centers of São Carlos in three periods: i) previous to the 1977, intitled, in this work as the "Philantroply's Period ", ii) between the years of 1977 and 1996, intitled as the "Assistance's Period" and iii) between the years of 1997 and 2006, intitled as the "Education's Period"
Ocupação antrópica nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente APPs urbanas : estudo das áreas lindeiras aos córregos dos Bagres, Cubatão e Espraiado em Franca/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-01)
Felicio, Bruna da Cunha
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Silva, Ricardo Siloto da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710
The analysis and discussion about anthropic occupation of Permanent Preservation Areas along urban water streams constitute the central part of this work. Initially was tried to understand how human beings dominate space and how this domination is degrading the life quality of Man himself through times. Then, through the studies of occupation of Permanent Preservation Areas of Bagres, Cubatão and Espraiado streams in Franca/SP, we tried to explain the problems of Permanent Preservation Areas, as well as identify along with the legal aspects the critical situation of the treatment given to these areas by the society and the government.
Perfil de maturidade do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos em empresas de pequeno e médio porte do setor de máquinas e implementos agrícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-03)
Simões, Julianita Maria Scaranello
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5280499767233599
The Brazilian agricultural machines and implements section has presented significant growth in recent years. This growth is related not only to Brazil s high performance in agrobusiness, but also to a technological progress seen in the sector of agricultural machines and implements that has enabled these companies greater insertion in the internal and external market. In view of such scenario, the product development process (PDP), if well structured and managed, becomes a business process that directly influences in the companies competitiveness increase. However, it is seen that with regard to the PDP in Brazilian small and medium-sized companies (SMCs) of agricultural machinery and implements (AMIs), very little is known about them as most of the publications on product development focus on the reality of large and multinational companies, which have a structure quite different from SMCs. In the few publications about the PDP in the SMCs of this sector, there are indications of a low degree of PDP structuring and management in these companies. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to characterize and analyze the profiles of management maturity of the product development process in small and medium sized Brazilian companies, of the agricultural machines and implements section, located in the state of São Paulo, so that the addressed actions of PDP improvements in these companies can be undertaken. A survey research in 40 companies (25 small-sized and 15 medium-sized) was conducted. An in loco interview was applied to the respective individual in-charge of PDP by means of a structured questionnaire. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of clusters techniques was used. The sample indicated that all the SMCs of AMIs of the state of Sao Paulo presents a heterogeneous structure with respect to PDP management. Three groups of companies were identified in the sample with different maturity profiles of PDP: Group I (20% of companies in the sample), Group II (50% of the sample) and Group III (30% of the sample). The differences in the management of PDP were observed, especially among companies of Group I (smallest level of PDP maturity) and Group III (highest level of PDP maturity). However, despite differences in PDP management presented in the groups of companies, according to the literature on PDP management, all of the groups are in a basic (initial) maturity level of PDP. The sampled companies are in a basic maturity level, since most of them are in the stage of standardization of the development incremental cycle, and predominantly use only the CAD as a support tool for the PDP, and performance indicators are not yet used in the managing process. The identification of the maturity level, in which these companies are, helps in both the determination of activities that link the internal actions to improve the PDP of these companies, as in the proposal of specific public policies that encourage the improvement of product development for domestic companies of the sector.
Características antropométricas dos pés de indivíduos idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-03)
Castro, Alessandra Paiva de
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Rebelatto, José Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9752231881764067
The changes due to senescence induce anatomical modifications in the foot which leading the older persons to have difficulty to find comfortable and safe shoes. The aims of this study were to identify the peculiar anthropometric characteristics of the elderly foot in São Carlos City, becoming possible the development of appropriate shoes for elderly population; and to verify relations between anthropometric variables and wearing incorrectly sized shoes, gender, age, foot pain, foot posture and diseases. The sample was calculated based on elderly population of São Carlos City and following its gender and age group proportions. Took part of this study 399 individuals between 60 and 90 years of age, of both genders (227 women and 172 men). The participants answered a questionnaire concerning social aspects, orthopedic assessment and questions related to the use of shoes. The anthropometric evaluation of the feet comprised variables of lengths, circumferences, widths, heights, angles, Arch Index and Foot Posture Index. The data analysis was performed using the T-student test, Analysis of Variance, Tukey test, probability analysis, chi-square test and Pearson s Correlation. The characterization of the foot of the elderly in São Carlos City was done using descriptive analysis (means, standard deviation, minimal and maximal values and standard error) and the means and standard deviation were distributed by intervals of foot lengths according to the shoe size.The participants wearing the incorrect shoe size presented larger values for widths, heights, perimeters and first metatarsophalangeal joint angle than those wearing the correct size. Women had feet proportionally wider, flatter and more abducted, while men had feet proportionally higher than women. Lower limb pain and pain associated with wearing shoes were correlated with the female gender and wearing the incorrect shoe size was correlated with the male gender. There was found a negative middle correlation between the Foot Posture Index and the instep and medial malleolus heights. The proportion of flat and cavus feet was high. Elderly with flat feet had more pronated feet, greater bulging in the region of talonavicular joint and smaller height of first metatarsal head, foot curvature, instep and medial malleolus. The obtained data can possibilities design shoes based on the specific anthropometric measurements of the elderly population.
Estudo químico de plantas com atividades sobre insetos sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-05)
Almeida, Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de
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Fernandes, João Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096255590649678
The chemical control of pest, which uses conventional insecticides, shows a number of advantages to agriculturists due to its efficiency, lower cost and facility of use in related to others. However, the utilization of the chemical control with nonselective insecticides, without culture rotation, could cause instability eliminating beneficial insects, increasing populations of pests, and mainly loosing insecticide efficacy due to natural selection from insects resistant to these chemicals. Besides that, there are more negative aspects referring to environmental contamination, such soil, water, atmosphere and others organisms contaminations, and accidental damage caused by bad utilization of insecticides. The investigation for substances with insecticide activity from plants aims the insect control and lower environmental impact. Based on agriculturist information about plants utilized for leaf-cutting ant control, field observations and chemosystematic data from the literature, the Natural Products Group from the Chemistry Department of São Carlos Federal University together the Study Center of Social Insects of UNESP in Rio Claro have been studied the effects of plants potentially toxic to those ants. The fall disease , as it is known by beekeepers, consists in death of Apis mellifera in autumn and it is caused by toxic compounds, which are carried to beehives with nectar, has also been studied by this team. This work describes the chemical study of Dimorphandra mollis, Sthyphnodendro adstringens and Helietta puberula associated to their actions in ants and bees. The toxicity study in model fish aims to evaluate the impact that several substances with insecticide activity could cause to the environment. The phytochemical study, besides the search for secondary metabolic, aimed to contribute to chemosystematic of vegetal species. It was employed traditional chromatographic techniques and even on-line ones such as GC-MS and LC-UV-MS to obtain compounds from the plants studied and also to chemistry identification, associated with NMN spectroscopic experiments. From extracts fractionation were obtained several compounds of various classes such as alcohols (S17), fatty acids (S18 S43, S52 S62, S89 S95), hydrocarbons (S4 S16), cinnamic acid derivative (S47, S48, S50, S51, S63 e S64), glycosides (S65 S67), steroids (S44 - S46, S96 - S99), triterpenes (S100), flavonoids (S1 S3, S68 S88, S100 S105) and alkaloids (S49). The extracts from the vegetable species studied showed insecticide activity against at least one tested model. The flavonoids astilbin, isoastilbin and catechin, obtained from D. mollis, were tested in model fish and they did not show toxic activity, therefore they could be promising for the use in plantations near aquatic environments since they will not damage these ecosystems. Once identified and isolated the compounds with insecticide activity from plants with potential utilization in the production of natural products, it is expected a reduction in the environmental ecosystems impact caused by synthetic insecticides. It is possible to note that the development of prospecting research and evaluation of plants with insecticide activity have great economic importance, as well as for environmental conservation of agroecosystems where the active fractions from these plants could be utilized as natural insecticides in pest integrated management.
Rupturas e reconstruções: migração forçada e redes sociais em meio da guerra em Colômbia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-06)
Cruz, Olga Del Pilar Vásquez
;
Monsma, Karl Martin
The history of Colombia is characterized by violent processes of population expulsion that date back half of the twentieth century and which has been deepened as a consequence of internal armed conflict which resumes in 90´s. Since 1985 until nowadays, 3,700,000 people have been displaced. Who is obliged to flee, leaves rural areas to the cities closest to his place of housing. However, the deepening of the conflict is forcing people continue moving to the big cities, where are greater opportunities for anonymity. Thus, considering the peculiarities of internal displacement, we proposed to characterize -from the perception of actors- the personal networks of a group of migrants by the internal armed conflict, which today live in neighborhoods of Ciudad Bolivar in Bogotá. This is, the way of the networks act, are affected and rebuilt on the migratory path. Our aim was evident if, in the same way as it happens with other types of migration, there is a logic of communication, permanence, re-configuration and organization of social networks; In addition to describe the situations that facilitate, influence or limit these processes. The methodology of research emphasized on record -in a notebook and a record- the comments made by people and the narratives during the contact with the researcher in informal and formal interviews. The configuration of personal networks was complemented with the application of a survey. As a result of search, we can say that there is a logical of networks in time to elect Bogotá as destination. Usually, relatives or acquaintances, whose migrated before - because of the violence or economic reasons- or there is a previous experience housing in Bogotá. These links are essential in processes of adaptation to city. With the coexistence in the city, displaced persons will meet neighbors, coworkers, employees of NGOs and institutions of the state, which will be adding to the range of their relationships. However, violence, fear and distrust are some factors that influence the incorporation of new ties and the preservation of ancient, affecting the dynamics and the configuration of networks
Citogenética molecular comparativa do DNAr 18S e 5S em piranhas (Serrasalminae, Characidae) da Amazônia Central
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-07)
Nakayama, Celeste Mutuko
;
Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7301111160439489
Basic and molecular cytogenetic studies have been performed in 11 species of the subfamily Serrasalminae: Colossoma macropomum, Serrasalmus (S. altispinnis, S. elongatus, S. gouldingi, S. rhombeus, S. cf rhombeus, S. serrulatus and S. maculatus), Pygocentrus nattereri, Pristobrycon striolatus and Catoprion mento, collected along different sites in Central Amazon basin. The diploid number found was 2n=54 chromosomes in Colossoma macropomum, 2n=62 in C. mento and P. striolatus, 2n=60 for all species in the genus Serrasalmus and P. nattereri, except for S. cf. rhombeus, which presented 2n=58. Besides distinct diploid numbers, variable karyotypical formulae were also detected, even between species with the same chromosomal number, showing the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements in the evolutionary process of this group, such as fusions and centric fisions and pericentric inversions. No sex chromosome heteromorphism was found in the analyzed species. The silver stained nucleolus organizer regions (Ag-NORs) were always telomeric and multiple, ranging from 4 to 12 marks according to each species. In most species, they were observed on short arms of subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes. However, in Colossoma macropomum the Ag-NORs were located at terminal position on long arms and, in Catoprion mento, they were present on short ams of submetacentric chromosomes and on long arms of subtelocentric and acrocentric chromosomes. The 18S rDNA sites were usually coincident with Ag-NORs, although they might occur in a higher number or in distinct chromosomes positions in relation to Ag-NORs. These discrepancies may be attributed to either methodological specificities or to difficulties in detecting some NOR sites, since they are commonly very small within Serrasalminae. The C-banded heterochromatin was observed at pericentromeric region of most chromosomes, being some regions more conspicuous than others, besides some telomeric bands in some chromosomal pairs. All Serrasalmus species presented a proximal heterochromatic block on the long arm of a medium-sized metacentric pair, which seems to be a marker for this genus regarding to its karyotype position (7th pair), once it may be present in other species, such as P. nattereri, but in a larger chromosome (3rd pair). The 5S rDNA sequences were always mapped in a single chromosomal pair. In Serrasalmus species, this pair corresponds to the metacentric pair 7 and in P. nattereri, P. striolatus and C. mento, it corresponds to the medium-sized metacentric pair 3. On its turn, the 5S rDNA sites in C. macropomum were located on short arms of a small metacentric, probably corresponding to the 12th pair. Considering the wide array of the present data, the species of the genera Serrasalmus, Pygocentrus, Pristobrycom and Catoprion, in spite of their specific differentiations, showed higher karyotypic similarity with the presence of metacentric, submetacentric, subtelocentric and acrocentric chromosomes, a preferential location of 18S rDNA sites at telomeric region on short arms of subteloacrocentric chromosomes, besides the number and location of 5S rDNA sites in karyotypes. On the other hand, C. macropomum shows quite divergent features, with 2n=54 meta-submetacentric chromosomes, with 18S rDNA sites at terminal region on long arms and interstitial 5S rDNA sites on short arms of chromosomes. Therefore, the location of C. macropomum far from the piranha clades, according to available phylogeny hypotheses for Serrasalminae, is corroborated by our cytogenetic data. Considering that C. macropomum would be a basal representative in the phylogeny of Serrasalminae, chromosomal rearrangements such as centric fissions, besides pericentric inversions, seem to play an important role in the karyotypic differentiation of this group, increasing the basal number of 2n=54 meta-submetacentric to 2n=58, 60 and 62, and giving rise to distinct chromosome forms in relation to those present in C. macropomum. Analogously, the NOR sites have also undergone numerical and positional changes in chromosomes along the karyotypical differentiation of Serrasalminae. As for the 5S rDNA sites, its location in a same position in morphologically similar chromosomes in all analyzed species of the genera Serrasalmus, Pygocentrus, Pristobrycom and Catoprion suggests that, once established this location from a distinctive ancestor condition, as that seen in C. macropomum, it has been remained conserved.
Reator enzimático de membrana para proteólise de soro de queijo, visando à produção de concentrado protéico com baixo teor de fenilalanina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-07)
Padilla, Rebeca Yndira Cabrera
;
Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0214528880301310
Enzymatic hydrolyzed proteins present some advantages over the pool of amino acids obtained after a chemical hydrolysis: lower osmolality (easier absorption by the organism) and better sensorial characteristics. The removal of phenylalanine (Phe) from these hydrolysates allows their use in the diet of phenylktonuria (PKU) patients. This Thesis studies the sequential hydrolysis of cheese whey proteins. This process aims at producing a protein hydrolysate with low contents of Phe, after two reaction stages: in the first one, concentrated cheese whey proteins are hydrolyzed by the endoprotease chymotrypsin, immobilized on agarose gel. The substrate of the second stage is the product of the first one. This reaction is the central focus of this Thesis, and consists in a hydrolysis using the exoprotease carboxipeptidase A (CPA), immobilized on the same matrix. Since the scope of this work was a process for obtaining a protein hydrolysate with low contents of Phe for phenylketonurics, another stage had to be incorporated: ultrafiltration, to separate the amino acids released by the action of CPA, mainly Phe (and other amino acids that inhibit the reaction). With this purpose, an enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) is proposed. It should be noticed that, to the best of our knowledge, the reactor design presented here has not been published yet. The EMR had spherical agarose particles within the reaction space, retained by a stainless steel mesh (400 Tyler). Hence, the ultrafiltration membrane was in charge only of the separation of the amino acids in the hydrolysate, which was continuously recycled to the flask containing the immobilized enzyme. Assays to characterize the membranes were performed. These membranes were then used in the integrated process (reaction with immobilized enzyme coupled to the ultrafiltration), for different experimental conditions. The substrates where Prato and Minas Frescal cheese whey. Two set-ups of the ultrafiltration unit were tested: flat plate and hollow fiber, both with 1 kDa cut-off. The reactor volume/membrane area ratios were 7.5×10-2 cm and 76.9×10-2 cm, respectively. Finally, the performance of three systems was compared: EMR with flat plane and hollow fiber and a batch reactor, followed by diafiltration. The hollow fiber EMR showed the best performance (85% conversion, productivity of 275.2×10-7 ghidrolisado/mgPhe/UH-PHE/h and only 1% retention of Phe in the membrane, after assays of 10 h). The resulting product was appropriate for phenylketonurics, with high protein contents (53.4 g/L), mainly constituted by small peptides (≤ 5.8 kDa) and with 19.9 mgPhe/gProteína, within the admissible range for PKU
Construção da ação docente: aprendizagens de professoras leigas em classes multisseriadas na escola do campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-07)
Rocha, Solange Helena Ximenes
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Mizukami, Maria da Graça Nicoletti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2111834686921552
The investigation of different processes that involve the teaching formation has been object of studies in Brazil and abroad and point a to the necessity of that the teachers know and do its daily one. Its still considered important, that the studies fill existing gaps in different sectors of the magistery and contemplate the rural schools and far way from great centers as the rural schools and its teachers. This research argues the learning of teaching and formation of four teachers who had entered as lay people multisseries classrooms in the rural school and had as its professional development in multisseries classrooms. This work characterizes as being an description-analytical study of qualitative nature. It requires as main axles of the analysis the not explicit strategies of formation and the investigation teachers. It was used as support theoretical the studies of Lortie (1975), Huberman (2000), Zeichner and Liston (1993 and 1996), Shulman (2004), Bransford et al (2000), Mizukami et al (2003), Darlind-Hammond and Baratz-Snowden (2005), Hammerness, Darling- Hammond and Bransford, (2005), among others. The analyses of the teachers speaking had evidenced that the learnings of the teaching had given by means of the comment and of the creative imitation of the practical ones of its old teachers. They had pointed that the more the trought content approaches to the lived deeply context, more they have the facility of dealing with them. On the other hand, the more the content to be given moved away context lived deeply by the teachers, more difficulties they have in dealing with them. One still perceived that the new contents need some time to be assimilated and the teachers count on aid of the coleagues of the other schools to surpass such difficulties. One still perceived, that teachers who act in the rural schools in the city of Santarém, had on the basis of established the teaching. A in multisseries classrooms aspects little based theoretically. They seem to have slight knowledge of the general pedagogical knowledge and on it establish your teach. They dominate of precarious form beddings of specific knowledge the each teach and repeat what they had learned with its teachers (know, but do not know as they know). With the two weak axles, the base of knowledge for education is weak mechanics and stereotypicals (Shulman, 1986,1987). It was still proven that the limitation imposed for the absence of formal preparation for the exercise of magistery had shown imperative and the teachers had recognized this as one hindrance in its process of professional development
Foi com o trabalho que me tornei homem: trabalho, gênero e geração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-07)
Perticarrari, Daniel
;
Lima, Jacob Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5533449825584711
The research had as objective to study how the increase on the number of women labor force has affected the division of the domestic work and the construction of the masculine social identity based in the provider paper, through the workers' perception on this change. This study examines the re-meaning or reiteration of the gender identities, having as cross section the generation insertion in the world of the work. Forty two metallurgic workers of São Carlos, SP (being thirty men and twelve women) had been interviewing, recovering the trajectories of life and work and their gender attributions, in the industrial and domestic space. The choice of the metallurgic sector elapsed for consisting in a space of masculine work historically recognized, being this profile changed, slowly, in last the two decades. It was possible to verify a generation cross section that delimits the position of the workers in relation to the work division and their expectation on their gender identity. It has been noticed that the oldest workers (with more than 40 years old), still see in the formal job market (with steady work and labor register) the privileged way of access in the labor and familiar structuring and the construction and valuation of the masculine identity. Presence of a speech of bigger equality between men and women was verified in workers between 30 to 39 years old. Finally, it was observed that young workers (until 29 years old) have greater propensity to insert themselves in the logic of transformations of flexible capitalism, marked for the instability in the labor trajectories. This context has influenced some changes in the gender perception in relation to the sexual division of the work and the biggest dubiousness of the construction of the masculine identity entailed to the work