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Simuliidae (Diptera, Nematocera) do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Pepinelli, Mateus; Strixino, Susana Trivinho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4749916650581885
The lack of knowledge about ecology and taxonomy of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in several regions of Brazil restrict the advance of programs about population control, environmental impact assessment and conservation of biodiversity. With the aim of assessing the diversity of black fly species in the State of São Paulo, we realized collections in 151 localities, including from low order streams to the main rivers of all hydrographic basins in this State. We collected and identified 43 species, of which Simulium incrustatum, S. pertinax, S. subpallidum, S. nigrimanum and S. inaequale were the most frequent species in streams under anthropogenic influence and, consequently, had the widest geographic distribution in the State of São Paulo. Two other species were also frequent, S. subnigrum and S. subclavibranchium had its geographic distribution restrict to Atlantic Forest areas. Both species belong to the Inaequalium subgenus. The species within the Inaequalium subgenus usually live in forested streams. Four species from this subgenus showed morphological variations that became difficult its identification. The study of CO1 gene (DNA Barcode), morphological variations and geographic distribution allowed separated, partially, the boundaries among the following species: S. nahimi and S. subclavibranchium with well defined limits. S. subnigrum and S. nogueirai were not possible to distinguish and the results showed that may be a species complex.
Inclusão : lazer e participação social sob o olhar de pessoas com deficiência mental e suas famílias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Martinelli, Siliani Aparecida; Toyoda, Cristina Yoshie; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5872141115382552; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7898817791462421
The history of deficiency was always made by an exclusion way. However, there were movements as integration and inclusion that have contributed to change the rights and conditions of people with deficiency. Besides all efforts of researchers to give a concept that deficiency is due to both social and cultural conditions, determined by society, the meaning of mental retardation remains as personal problem, without social context and no social sense. The participation of adult mental retarded people in their community in leisure activities, as well as places that allow sharing experiences with their peers must contribute to live together, to practice citizenship and to facilitate changes on deficiency representation, altering segregation attitudes and to develop public policies by according with an inclusive society model. In order to answer those question the objectives of this research is to identify and analyze the social participation of the adults with mental retardation, related to places, leisure activities, and also the perception of the family in this process. The approach was qualitative, using half-structured interview that was analyzed by content analysis method. The results showed lack of opportunities, lack of self-determination, no or few options to choice leisure activities among adults with mental retardation and familial over protection giving these people difficulty in participation and autonomy within that social context.
Ideologia, ciência e realidade social: a fundamentação das ciências sociais na perspectiva de Karl Mannheim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Deffacci, Fabricio Antonio; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2950092026989100
The ground of Social Science, in the nineteenth century, is an attempt to establish an independent field of knowledge from discussions with the Modern Philosophy. This autonomy appears in the design of social reality on the one hand and the configuration of a new epistemological model on the other. In view of this, this work suggests discussing the prospect of Karl Mannheim as an assessment of previous proposals (Positivism and Marxism) and therefore being able to open a new model of Social Sciences by redefining both the design of social reality on the modern epistemology. Therefore, the bias to this approach is the notion of ideology, used by Mannheim to support as a social ontology that prints the determination in social science, where to find the basis of Social Sciences. In this way for it will redeem the originality of the questions and answers presented by the author for the formation of Social Sciences
Desenvolvimento de habilidades de consciência fonológica: independência e interdependência funcional no repertório de leitores iniciantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Freitas, Fabiana Rego; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1698834344658315
The sensibility to sound structure of oral language is characterized as the development of abilities of phonological awareness, which have been categorized as rhyme and onset skills, syllabic skills and phonemic skills (the latter two are subcategorized into synthesis, analysis, manipulation and transposition). Studies demonstrated bidirectional relation between phonological awareness and acquisition of reading. However, treating all the skills together, is unclear how each one develops; if each one is or is not independent of the others and if the development of ones can affect the development of another. The purpose of this study was to promote the teaching of phonological awareness at six elementary school children and verify the progress development of each skill, taught separately and sequentially, through a teaching program designed. A multiple baseline design between abilities was employed to assess possible effects of each one ability to another. The 10 abilities were assessed individually before start the program and after the teaching of each one. The Phonological Awareness Test was applied before and at the final of the program instruction and adaptations of it (developed by the experimenter) were implemented after the teaching of each skill. The tasks were conducted in a playful environment, with colorful and manipulated material to represent sounds. All participants showed a considerable development of abilities that were missing or incipient in the first assessment. The multiple baseline design showed a high degree of functional independence between abilities, suggesting that each skill can be acquired independently of the others. This study thus provided a contribution to the refinement conceptual and a methodological contribution. The results showed little interference for one ability to the others, indicating to a possible functional independence between abilities, suggests the importance of systematic teaching and assessing of each one and all abilities, to ensure their complete development. On the other hand, this study raises the question of whether appropriate conditions for procedures could promote the development of interdependence between abilities, to become the teaching more effective and economic, without the necessity of each one discrimination ability involved in phonological awareness.
Sistema de avaliação de habilidades sociais (SSRS-BR) para crianças com deficiência mental: validação e padrões normativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Freitas, Lucas Cordeiro; Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9607932972038616
The international literature has shown that, in general, there is an impairment of social skills in mental disability and other frameworks for special educational needs. In the Brazilian context, there are few studies that assess social skills in children with mental disability and one of the reasons seems may be a lack of assessment tools validated and standardized for this population. Considering these shortcomings, the objectives of this research were: (a) assess psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR), forms answered by teachers and students, specifically internal consistency and convergent validity, in a sample of children with mental disabilities, (b) make the analysis of criterion validity, based on the comparison between the results of a sample of children with mental disabilities and children with typical development, and (c) to establish normative standards of the SSRS-BR for children with mental disabilities, compared to the patterns found for children with typical development. Participants of the survey 84 children with mental disabilities and their teachers, selected in a special school, which assessed social skills, behavior problems and academic competence using SSRS-BR. About internal consistency, were found positive and significant correlations between the global scales and all subscales of the same construct, and positive correlations between the scales of social skills and academic competence and negative between the scales of social skills and behavior problems. Regarding the criterion validity in the evaluation by students, it was observed that in a global scale of social skills and in five of the subscales (responsibility, empathy, assertiveness, self-control and expression of positive feeling), the instrument was able to differentiate, significantly, the groups of children with and without disability. The version for evaluation by teachers was able to discriminate significantly groups with and without disabilities in the global scales of social skills, behavior problems and academic competence and in the subscales of self-control, internalizing problems and externalizing problems. The convergent validity was not satisfactory, because there was no correlation between the global scales and subscales common in the forms of evaluation by students and by teachers. Differences were observed between the normative standards for children with and without disability, in both instruments, and the disabled group showed lower cut-off points for the scales of social skills and academic competence and higher for the scale of behavior problems. This study allows provide the scales of SSRS-BR for use in future researches, assessment procedures and programs of intervention in the area of Social Skills Training, in children with mental disabilities.
Esclarecimento, semiformação e a liquidação do indivíduo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Junkes, Delcio; Maar, Wolfgang Leo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8746615407370574; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9107299093400513
The project of enlightenment (Aufklärung) was to disenchant the world, replacing the myths and the imagination by the knowledge. This process is essential for the human being can achieve the autonomy. But instead of conducting the individual to autonomy, as it was thought in the Illuminist project, the enlightenment disembogued into a process of semi-formation that causes the loss of identity and cancellation of the individual, approaching humanity to a totalitarian system. As Adorno and Horkheimer said at the preface of the Dialectic of Enlightenment: "Not harbour any doubt - and so our petitio principii lies - that the freedom in society is inseparable from thinking enlightenment." The progress of rational enlightenment over its development process is gradually creating serious obstacles to the construction of autonomy, or even denying this possibility, when giving priority only to the technical and scientific aspects of the reason (instrumental reason). This is due in large part to the action of the cultural industry, officer semi-formation. The intention of this work, which has its theoretical foundation in the philosophy of Critical theory, especially in the thought of Theodor Adorno, is to search in culture and art the elements that could annul the semi-formation, and help in the construction of identity and autonomy of individuals, rescuing the potential and emancipating of the enlightenment.
Sobre Lukács - a partir de sua interpretação n'A Destruição da Razão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Carneiro, Rogério de Oliveira; Maar, Wolfgang Leo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8746615407370574; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1139878899834987
In the Destruction of Reason, from 1953, Georg Lukács plays several thinkers as philosophics idealizers of german way to Hitler. This work has as purpose to show such reading as a mistake. Another moment, through a deviation about the Hungarian author s trajectory, shows also that there is a transformation in the writing style after his convertion on the communist party in 1918, wich emphasires mainly after the thirties, in it s soviet period. On the other hand, shows also that during Lukács last years there is an effort to revise mistakes of the past
Comunidade de aves aquáticas e suas interações em sistemas límnicos do sudeste brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Branco, Magno Botelho Castelo; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5578118342607113
Aquatic birds do interact in many ways with freshwater ecosystems. Birds can be considered the most important dispersers of freshwater algae between water bodies. Moreover, birds also can contribute to nutrient loading in freshwater lakes and reservoirs. In this paper the ecto and endozoochoric dispersal potential of freshwater algae by waterbirds was acessed. The places of study were the Monjolinho reservoir, in São Carlos municipality (SP), and Tropeiros lake, in Piumhi municipality (MG). Also studied was the contribution to nutrient loading by two colonies of Bubulcus ibis, the cattle egret, in two freshwater bodies: Tropeiros lake and Iembó reservoir, locate at Parque Itaipu, São Carlos municipality. By means of culture inoculation with material obtained from washing the body of the birds, it was observed that these species of birds are potential dispersers of phytoplanktonic algae and can carry up to 22 species of algae attached to feathers per individual (ectozoochory). A minor number of species of algae was also observed in cultures inoculated with material derived from faeces of birds, featuring a potential case of endozoochoric transport potential. Regarding the nutrient loading by colony of cattle egrets, was detected a change both in the content of organic matter in the sediment located in areas where the birds sleep as well as greater eutrophication of water in these regions. It was also observed a trend to higher density of biomass in banks of aquatic macrophytes used for night rest, with a consequent increase in the density of organisms associated with aquatic macrophytes. However, no significant differences were observed in the benthic fauna, when comparing the samples of sediment obtained in both points located in the rest areas as in nonrest areas, but it was found that these colonies contribute significantly to the nutrient loading in these systems.
Laser de baixa intensidade (830nm) na regeneração do músculo tibial anterior em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Assis, Lívia Ribeiro de; Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7935480743466626
Fatores de risco e proteção: saúde mental de mães e filhos, suporte social e estilo parental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Cid, Maria Fernanda Barboza; Matsukura, Thelma Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595043315867424
Studies indicate that some family characteristics, such as poverty and parents’ low education, low levels of social support, high levels of marital discord, parents’ depression and parents’ mental disorders are risk factors that influence children development. It is observed that among those characteristics, the parents’ mental disorder has been considered a relevant vulnerability factor influencing children’s development. Some studies indicate that mothers who suffer from mental disorders are less affectionate to their children, less available to their needs and demonstrate high levels of insecurity and anxiety. The purposes of this study were: identifying the parenting and the social support levels of mothers who suffer from humor disorders and investigating the relation between these elements and the social-emotional development levels of their children. The participants were ten children aged between 7 and 12 years old and their mothers: five children of mothers with mental disorders and five children of mothers without mental disorders, who composed the control group. The instruments which were used in the data collect were: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which evaluated the children’s socialemotional development; Parenting Style Inventory (IEP), that aimed to identify the mothers’ parenting in their children’s education and the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), which evaluated the social support provided to the mothers. The data analyses were carried out through statistic studies. The results indicate that the mothers who suffer from humor disorders are less satisfied with the social support that is provided to them. Also, they punish their children in a less consistent way when compared with mothers from the control group. Moreover, it was identified in mothers with mental disorders a risky parenting that can contribute to the development of anti-social behaviors in their children. Concerning the children’s social-emotional development, the results did not reveal significant differences between the groups, so that the maternal humor disorders do not seem to influence directly the children’s social-emotional development.
Estudo sócio-ecológico em remanescentes de florestas ribeirinhas na região rural de Teresópolis, RJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-27) Neri, Ana Carolina Abrão; Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7641978829218060
nearby areas. In spite of their increasingly relevant ecologic importance, those ecosystems are continuously suffering the impacts of agricultural activities. The present work had as objectives: (i) to analyze the relationships between socio-economic characteristics and environmental perceptions of a community of small producers and the riparian forest area of an agricultural micro-basin in Teresópolis region, RJ; and (ii) to study the effects of agricultural impacts on the arboreal component of these forests. Semi-structured interviews were applied to farmers. Five springs were selected to study riparian forest. Areas of 10x10m were delimited in springs surrounding sites, within which every tree with DAP>5cm were sampled. Farmers presented monthly familiar incomes below the State and County averages. The area is being transformed since the 1980s, when big riparian forests started to be substituted with cultivated lands and pastures. The process of water decline in springs seems to be associated to wrong management practices of riparian areas and water resources. The proximity of occupied areas to riparian forests negatively influenced diversity indexes (H ) and total basal area values (m2/ha). Invasive species and domestic animals were observed at springs areas, making these environments more susceptible to anthropogenic impacts. Results from this work suggest than, although riparian forests studied presented characteristics typical of disturbed ecosystems, they can still play a key role in the maintenance of regional biodiversity. Interest demonstrated by farmers in preserving local remnants constitutes an important base to include them into planning and implementation of future projects that considered both the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable development of these communities.