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Função dos músculos abdutores e rotadores laterais do quadril no tratamento da síndrome da dor femoropatelar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Nakagawa, Theresa Helissa; Serrão, Fábio Viadanna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137335642635433; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3020771286419217
Estudo comparativo das aproximações baseadas no método de decomposição paramétrico para avaliar redes de filas de manufatura utilizando planejamento de experimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Camorim, José Eduardo Vieira; Morabito Neto, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7552361473265660
This is a study of approximations based on parametric decomposition methods used in open queueing networks for modeling discrete job-shop manufacturing systems. These approximations play an important role in evaluating the performance of productive systems and have proved effective in many situations. Besides, these approximations are relatively easy to apply requiring fewer data compared to other methods because they use the average rate and SCV (square coefficient of variation) as the only parameters to characterize the network arrival and service processes. This work is aimed at analyzing and comparing several approximations since they are not yet available in the literature. Hence, several network situations were tested in order to identify the most adequate approximation for each situation. Firstly, a two-station network was analyzed followed by the analysis of a five-station network and lastly, a real example of a semiconductor plant, analyzed by Bitran e Tirupati (1988), was used. In order to reach these goals, the state of the art of approximation methods to evaluate the performance of open queueing networks was studied, and the approximations were compared using the experiment planning technique, important factors for building network configuration and data analysis The findings of this work demonstrate that approximations can be highly efficient to evaluate the performance of discrete job-shop manufacturing systems. Regardless of the configurations studied, it is worth mentioning that approximations 3 and 2, in general, showed the best results if compared to the other values obtained from simulations to evaluate the performance of open queueing networks, OQN,. The other approximations tended to overestimate E(Lj) when the number of stations is higher. This study intends to contribute to the development of computing systems in order to support project decisions and the planning and control of discrete manufacturing systems using approximations based on the parametric decomposition method
Comparação de diferentes testes funcionais e suas relações com estado funcional e qualidade de vida em indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Pessoa, Bruna Varanda; Jamami, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8526424235753903
Objectives: to evaluate and compare the responses to the various functional tests, and the concordance between the six-minute walk test in hallway (6MWT) and the of oval track (6MWToT), of treadmill (6MWTT), and of treadmill with inclination (6MWTTI), the six-minute step test (6MST) and the two-minute chair test (2MCT), in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and to correlate the responses with functional state and quality of life. Methods: Ten patients with COPD (72±7years, 30%
Programa de capacitação de estudantes de Psicologia para promoção do desenvolvimento de bebês de risco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Vital, Maria Lucia Naime Vidal; Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0680905918041216
During the infant development, some risks are caused by internal and external conditions, with are dependent of the environment. Because of the lack of intervention in a troubled familiar environment or in a deficient institutional care, the babies at risk can show a damaged development. Brazilian daycare center privileges hygiene and primary care neglecting children education and their intervention. The present research intents to qualify students of Psychology College that wok with babies at risk to promote infantile development though play sessions. The collected data were extracted from intervention planning, reports and videos made during the execution of the play activities. The data referring to the babies were obtained through the application of the Operationalized Portage Inventory. The results will be compared with each individual performance during the intervention program, regarding to the students even the babies of the Inventory Portage.
Uma discussão do conceito de pulsão de morte a partir das contribuições de Freud e Ferenczi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Bissoli, Sidney da Silva Pereira; Simanke, Richard Theisen; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7486767955152684
The present dissertation intends to discuss the concept of death s drive in the works of Freud and Ferenczi. Figueiredo (1999) debated similar subject, as he examined Beyond the pleasure principle (FREUD, 192) and Thalassa (FERENCZI, 1924), through a rereading of Freudian s text of 1920, approaching both psychoanalysts in relation to death s drive notion, stressing the regressive character, not of a instinctual group, but of the own organism. The present essay, nevertheless, focuses the uneasy conciliation between Freud and Ferenczi in this point, leading the last, at his final thoughts, to emphasize formally his difference in relation to Freud.
Riqueza e abundância relativa de aves de dois fragmentos de Cerrado na região central do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Silva, Marina Telles Marques da; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2367210098426552
Biodiversity at all have been intensively threatened by forest fragmentation. Fragments situated nearby major natural areas are important to some animal populations and avifaunal inventories are important because they can play an important role in the environmental evaluation of these areas. This paper records a qualitative and quantitative inventory of the bird community that occurs in two Cerrado fragments situated next to the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, a very important conservation unit to São Paulo State. The Vermelhão fragment has 350 ha and the other one, Valério, is about 150 ha of natural Cerrado vegetation. The qualitative portion of the inventory was made by walking in the areas. For the quantitative portion we used the point counts with unlimited distance methodology. A total of 213 species were observed between August 2006 and October 2007, within 53 new records to the region. The species list indicates eight threatened species in the state and five considered endemics of Cerrado. Observing the abundance index values (IPA) we realize that there are few species with a high IPA and a large number of species with intermediate and low rates. Most species were registered until 50% of the visits to the areas. Results show these fragments importance to the conservation of local biodiversity.
Crianças cegas e videntes na educação infantil : características da interação e proposta de intervenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) França, Maria Luiza Pontes de; Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5219044102729200
A reduced number of empiric studies treats of the characterization of the social interactions between blind children and sighted children and of the effectiveness of the activities developed to stimulate those interactions in the atmosphere of the Childish Education, what hinders the proposition of strategies consequent and well happened of inclusion. Blind children that received constant and specialized stimulation or non-systematic stimulation have different possibilities of exploration of the atmosphere that share with the friends in the school and of interaction with your peers. Those possibilities can be strongly related to the possibility of independent and safe displacement in the space that they frequent proportioned by motor development. The objectives of this study were: 1) to characterize the social interaction of blind children that received or not constant and specialized stimulation; 2) to characterize the social interaction of blind and sighted children; 3) appraised the effect of intervention proceedings in inclusive school environment in the repertoire of social interactions blind child with sighted children and in their motor development. Two blind children and their classmates of inclusive classroom participated of this study. They are from different institutions, with ages until 5 years old. Were organized situations where children could play free, beyond activities semi-structured with the objective of to promote interaction between the children and the motor development of the blind child. The children performances were registered in videotapes during the play situations. The treatment of data adopted a system of classification of interactions among children that it allowed the comparative analysis of the established interactions for the blind children and sighted. For evaluation of intervention were identified the manifestations of the blind child's behaviors referring to the social interaction listed as specific objectives. To evaluate the possible advancement of the blind child's motor development were conducted evaluations before and after the activities semi-structured through the Inventário Portage Operacionalizado (IPO) and of manual and in video registrations. Found it significant differences when comparing the characteristics of the blind children's interactions with the one of the sighted children, as well as in the comparison of the two blind children's acting. In the present study was observed that having constant and specialized stimulation the blind children it presents behaviors similar to the one of a child sighted in the school. With the intervention procedures, motor acting and interactive behaviors were included in the blind child's repertoire, making possible your insert in the school environment.
Produção recombinante e estudos funcionais de três novas cistatinas da cana-de-açúcar e sua utilização em estudos de inibição da adesão, proliferação, migração e invasão celular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Gianotti, Andréia; Silva, Flávio Henrique da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
ABSTRACT Tumor metastasis is usually a major cause of death among cancer patients. Degradation and invasion of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane, key steps in the metastatic process, rely on the activity of proteolytic enzymes. The levels and activities of cathepsins B and L are considerably increased in cancer cells, and have been related to the invasive potential of these cells. Moreover, the levels of their endogenous inhibitors, the cystatins, are decreased, which results in an imbalance that contributes to the development of the metastatic phenotype. Thus, the potential use of cystatins as therapeutic agents in novel anti cancer strategies has been suggested. The sugarcane genome project (SUCEST FAPESP) allowed the identification of about 20 putative cystatins in this plant. In the present study, we describe the heterologous expression, purification and characterization of three cystatins from sugarcane, dubbed as CaneCPI-2, CaneCPI-3 and CaneCPI-4, which showed different inhibitory activities against human cathepsins B and L. While the three recombinant cystatins inhibited cathepsin L activity with Ki values of 0.17, 0.6 and 0.021 nM, respectively, only CaneCPI-4 was capable of efficiently inhibiting cathepsin B activity (Ki = 0.83 nM). Considering the involvement of these cathepsins in tumor cell invasion, the effect of the cystatins on the invasive ability of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed after the addition of the recombinant cystatins to the cells, and in cell clones expressing the sugarcane cystatins. Overall, the Ki values correlated with the ability of the cystatins to inhibiting the cysteine cathepsin activity of the tumor cells as well as the cell invasion through a Matrigel matrix. A slight reduction in the invasive ability was observed in the MDA-MB-231 cells expressing CaneCPI-4. In addition, a substantial reduction of ~ 60% in the cell invasion was obtained in the presence of 2 µM recombinant CaneCPI-2 or CaneCPI- 3, or 0.2 µM of CaneCPI-4. Finally, the cystatins showed negligible effects on the adhesion and proliferation of the cells. Our results open the possibility of considering these as well as other phytocystatins as therapeutics agents in anti-cancer strategies.
O treinamento muscular inspiratório não altera a arritmia sinusal respiratória de pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Neves, Victor Ribeiro; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3476550607994320
Introduction: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has been used for assessment the cardiac modulation autonomic and measured by ratio expiration/inspiratory (E/I) and inspiration/expiration heart rate variation (∆IE). The RSA is lower in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Objective: To evaluate the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on the RSA magnitude and maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) in patients with AMI after 6 days of physiotherapeutic intervention during hospitalized period. Methodology: Thirty three patients were divided in two groups: 19 patients of treatment group (TG) (14 males, 5 females, aged 50±9 years) who underwent the cardiovascular physiotherapy and 14 patients of control group (CG) (11 males, 3 females, aged 52±11 years) without physiotherapy. The intervals RR of electrocardiogram were obtained by Polar S810i during the RSA test on the 1st and 6th days. It was used to calculate the heart rate variability in the time (TD) and in the frequency domain and the RSA index. The PImax was obtained by manovacuometer on the 2nd and 6th days. The IMT (3x, 10 forced inspiration, 40% PImax, for 3 seconds each) was done from the 2nd to 6th days. Two-way ANOVA, Paired-t Test, Chi-square test and Pearson s correlation (p<0.05) were used. Results: In the TD, the TG showed higher values than the CG for the SDNN (1st day 58±37 and 33±23ms; 6th day 49±20 and 32±17ms, respectively) and for the RMSSD (1st day 40±32 e 21±18 ms; 6th day 33±18 and 22±14ms, respectively). The ∆IE decreased significantly for the TG (12,8±7,5 to 9,9±4,8 bpm) and for the CG (10,8±5,3 to7,5±3,4 bpm). For the TG, the PImax increased (p<0,05) from 78±25 to 101±25. Conclusion: The IMT increased the PImax, although it did not modify the ASR magnitude in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Indicadores bibliométricos da produção científica em educação especial : estudo da Revista Educação Especial (2000-2006)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Silva, Rosemary Cristina da; Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5606691763426294
The broad scope of Special Education and its interfaces with other fields of knowledge can be attested by the comprehensiveness of scientific production found in Brazilian and international academic journals. This work depicts a bibliometric study of a Brazilian scientific journal in the field of Special Education, i.e., Revista Educação Especial, chosen due to its being the most long-standing journals in this field in the country. This study analyzed issues published from 2000 to 2006, including those published on line, totaling 14 issues or 147 articles. The goal was to identify, by means of categorization, the topics of the articles and the geographical origin of their authors, classify the articles belonging to the core of this field and those pertaining to secondary and peripheral areas. The results, analyzed by means of bibliometric data treatment and analysis tools, showed the following aspects regarding the articles: the most productive authors were Reinoldo Marquezan, Soraia Napoleão Freitas, Maria Inês Naujorks, Eduardo Zevallos Ayala, Vera Lúcia Marostega and Hugo Otto Beyer; the most representative geographical origin was Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (South of Brazil); most articles were authored by two or more researchers; original articles represented 70.7% of the scientific production; and the most common keyword was Inclusion . With respect to the literature referenced in these articles, the results indicated that: books made up the greater part of the references; the source updating level was satisfactory: the most used language was Portuguese; the predominant format was print; the most influential authors were Brasil, Vygotsky, Freire, Skliar and Foucault; the core of the journal was confirmed to be within the field of Special Education whereas its secondary and peripheral areas were Education, Pedagogy and Psychology. It is hoped that these indicators may contribute to the evaluation of the state of the art in Special Education as well as facilitate the dissemination of research carried out in this field of knowledge
Estudo fitoquímico e avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano de espécies de Hortia (Rutaceae) : H. oreadica, H. brasiliana e H. superba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Severino, Vanessa Gisele Pasqualotto; Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0286065758729632
The phytochemical study of Hortia in this work aims to contribute with the chemosystematics of the Rutaceae and with the best classification of the genus inside the family. The study of the species H. oreadica, H. brasiliana and H. superba led us to isolate 15 compounds, such as the dihydrocinnamic acids derivatives 3-phenyl-[2 ,6 -dimethoxy-(3 ,4 :5 ,6 )-2 ,2 - dimethylpirano]propionic acid (01), methyl 3-phenyl-[2 -methoxy-(3 ,4 :5 ,6 )-2 ,2 - dimethylpirano]propionate (02), methyl 3-phenyl-[2 ,6 -dimethoxy-(3 ,4 :5 ,6 )- 2 ,2 -dimethylpirano]propionate (03), methyl 3-phenyl-[2 ,5 -dimethoxy- (3 ,4 :5 ,6 )-2 ,2 -dimethylpirano]propionate (04), 3-phenyl-[2 -methoxy- (3 ,4 :5 ,6 )-2 ,2 -dimethylpirano]propionic acid (05), 3-phenyl-[2 ,5 -dimethoxy-(3 , 4 -O:5 ,6 ) 2 ,2 -dimethylpyrano]propionic acid (06), being structure 06 new for specie H. oreadica; coumarin 5-methoxyseselin (07); cinnamic acid derivative E- 3,4-dimethoxy-á(3-hydroxy-4-carbomethoxyphenyl)cinnamic acid (08), new in literature, the alkaloids rutaecarpine (09), 7,8-dehydrorutaecarpine (10) new in the genus Hortia, dictamine (11), N-methylflindersine (12) and the limonoids guyanin (13), hortiolide E (14) and hortiolide G (15), being structure 14 described for the first time in the specie H. oreadica and 15 in literature. The phytochemical study of the species from Hortia genus still not allow classify correctly it inside the family. Hortia presents limonoids with C and D rings modified, characteristic of Meliaceae. However the presence of metabolites such as alkaloids, coumarins, dihydrocinnamic and cinnamic acids derivatives confirm that Hortia belongs the Rutaceae family, even so are not clear its accurate positioning. The presence of limonoids highly modified could indicated that genus can not belong nor to the Todallieae and nor the Cusparieae, being located separately inside of the Rutaceae family. Several biological assays had been performed with crude extracts and compounds isolated from Hortia, with a collection of the synthetic compounds and the lasiodiplodin, compound isolated from the pathogenic fungus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of many substances was related against the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa that causes Citrus Variegated Chlorosis. The promising substances were synthetic quinolinones 2-methyl-6-fluor-4-quinolone (S2) and 2-methyl-5-methoxy-7-hydroxy-4-quinolone (S4) and the alkaloid rutaecarpine (09) with MIC from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/mL. We have studied the in vitro antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens that permitted to determine hexane extract such as successful against all microorganisms assayed and limonoid guyanin (13) and alkaloid dictamine (11) with the best MIC, being 200 and 100 µg/mL, respectively. The assays against alimentary pathogens revealed that lasiodiplodin, 2-methyl-6-fluor-4-quinolone (S2) and 2-methyl-5,7-dimethoxy-4- quinolone (S4) synthetics as the more effective among all substances. Therefore, this work showed that several substances with properties antibacterial constitute an important source for the discovery of new antimicrobial products.
Investigação das características de superplasticidade de um aço do sistema Fe-Mn-Al
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Guanabara Júnior, Paulo; Bueno, Levi de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0333912025909549
The alloys of Fe-Mn-Al system have been rather studied in last few years indicating good potential for application, with the benefit of exhibiting 10 to 15% less density, coupled to good performance related to its mechanical properties and strength at room and cryogenic temperatures, being an alternative for replacing some alloys of the Fe-Cr-Ni system, in certain situations. However, the literature presents a very limited amount of information about the mechanical properties of these materials at high temperatures, as in the case of hot tensile and creep testing. The superplasticity phenomenon remains as an entirely unexplored issue for this kind of steel. This work was planned with the objective of undertaking for the first time a systematic study on the superplastic behavior of an austenitic steel of this system, with chemical composition Fe 24.5Mn 6.5Al 1.5Si 1.1C (weight %). The material was prepared by different termomechanical processing routes, so as to obtain sheets with thickness around 1 mm, having a fine grained equiaxial, dual phase austenite / ferrite structure, with grain size around 3 µm. The material was submitted to both tensile testing ( at constant crosshead speed ) and creep testing ( at constant load ), on a temperature range from 600 to 1000oC, and strain rates raging from 10-6 to 1 s-1. A set of tensile tests was carried out monotonically using separate specimens until rupture under different combinations of crosshead speed and temperature. In another set the specimens were subjected to a sequence of crosshead speed changes at the ultimate tensile stress level, at a certain temperature. In both case the parameter m (strain rate sensitivity exponent) could be determined. The creep experiments enabled obtaining parameters like n (the stress exponent), Qf (the apparent activation creep energy) and ó0 (the threshold stress). Values of åf (maximum elongation observed at rupture) could be also obtained from both the tensile test and creep tests. The results from both procedures, i.e. tensile and the creep testing, were compared together showing good agreement with each other. The largest values of åf (around 660 %) associated to the largest m values (around 0,54) were observed at 800°C, for strain rates in the range from 10-4 to 10-3 s-1 ( in the case of tensile testing) and applied stress in the range from 20 to 50 MPa ( in the case of creep testing). Tensile tests carried at constant strain rate and creep tests carried out at constant stress allowed even greater values of these parameters to be achieved, at the maximum strain rate sensitivity region. A tensile test performed at constant Ý = 2,47 x 10-4 s-1 produced a maximum elongation at rupture åf = 750% and a creep test with constant σ = 30 MPa a maximum elongation åf = 737 % (without rupture of the specimen). Measurements of activation energy from creep tests indicated that the Fe-Mn- Al alloy exhibits values around that of grain boundary self diffusion of Fe in Austenite, in agreement with which is expected from the superplastic flow process. The analysis of creep test results also revealed that the material presents a Threshold Stress (óo ) around 6 7 MPa from 700 to 800ºC, and óo . 30 MPa at 900ºC. In this way, all the data from the variation of strain rate with stress ( Norton diagram ) could be rationalized by a single stress exponent n = 2, which is typical of the grain boundary sliding mechanism. Metallographic observation by optical microscopy on specimens from both the tensile and creep tests indicated that the grain size structure remains equiaxial and essentially stable even after the great levels of deformation attained at the various temperatures, which confirms the superplastic behavior condition achieved in this work.
O texto, o contexto e o pretexto : ensino de literatura, após a reforma do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Cabral, Ana Beatriz; Tancredi, Regina Maria Simões Puccinelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1449718653725134
The secundary educational reform in Brazil grants to secondary school the role of improving knowledge acquired on previous education level in order to offer students conditions of pursuit on superior education, as well it imputs responsibility on this level for giving students work basic skills and also to prepare them for citizenship. The new rules for secondary education are also defined by two others documents, the Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio and Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio, which present the philosophical and curricular principles that guide the reform and also provide basic competences that students must develop in this school level. Based on these documents and considering that the reform removed from the secundary level curriculum the Literature as a knowledge field, this research investigates the Literature teaching after the secondary educational reform, through the path of three theoretical fields: the Literature teaching, the secundary reform as a public state policy and the teachers knowlegde and practices. To achieve this purpose, there were selected Brasilia s public and private schools by the scores they got in Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio of 2005. Then 38 teachers from these schools fulfilled a semistructured questionnaire and two teachers were interviewed. In order to inquire this material, the theoretical fields and the field research put together alowed us to know the profile of well succeeded Literature teachers from Distrito Federal, their pedagogical practices and knowledge and yet how this knowledge meets the reform framework. All that provide a panorama of the Literature teaching after the secundary educational reform in the Distrito Federal.
A inclusão escolar sob o olhar dos alunos com deficiência mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Veltrone, Aline Aparecida; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1722457389149806
Consultoria colaborativa escolar do fisioterapeuta : acessibilidade e participação do aluno com paralisia cerebral em questão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Alpino, Ângela Maria Sirena; Almeida, Maria Amélia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3634017205223112
Preparação e caracterização de filmes de PbO2 sobre diferentes substratos e MnO2 sobre fibra de carbono para aplicação no tratamento eletroquímico de efluentes simulados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Irikura, Kallyni; Bocchi, Nerilso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0942777236443310
PbO2 films were grown on different substrates (Ti-Pt, ADE, FC and Pb), at constant current density of 20 mA cm-2, using two methodologies: electrodepositon from 0.1 mol L-1 Pb(NO3)2, 1.7 mmol L-1 LSS and 0.1 mol L-1 HNO3 solution and lead anodization in 3 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution. All PbO2 films presented important characteristics such as: homogeneous and compact morphology, quite uniform growth and good adherence. MnO2-composite film was prepared from electrolytic MnO2 powder [80 % (m/m)], carbon black [10 % (m/m)] e PVDF [10 % (m/m)] and then applied on carbon fibre (FC). The physical and electrochemical properties of these different electrode materials were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffratometry, linear potential scan and cyclic voltammetry. The PbO2 films obtained by electrodeposition presented mainly the tetragonal phase â-PbO2, while the PbO2 film obtained by anodization presented an oxide mixture with the following phases: tetragonal â-PbO2, orthorhombic á-PbO2, PbO and also PbSO4. The electrolytic MnO2 was obtained mainly with the phase å- MnO2. The Pb/PbO2 electrode presented the best performance regarding OER. Among the electrodes obtained by electrodeposition (Ti-Pt/PbO2, ADE/PbO2 and FC/PbO2), the FC/PbO2 electrode presented higher values of superficial area and overpotential for the OER. The FC/MnO2 did not present good performance regarding OER. The Pb/PbO2 electrode was applied, at constant current density of 5 mA cm-2, in the oxidation of 0.05 mol L-1 Cr3+ ions solution, presenting a conversion efficiency of Cr3+ to Cr6+ ions of 90 %. The FC/PbO2 was also applied in the decolorization of the BR 19 dye solution (100 mg L-1), using a filter-press reactor. A decolorization efficiency of 99.5 % was obtained in the following experimental conditions: flow rate of 7.0 L min-1, current density of 30 mA cm-2 and chloride concentration of 70 mmol L-1. At the end of the oxidation process, a value of the German parameter DFZ 10 times lower than the maximum value (3 m-1) established before discarding in the environment was found.
Risco e resiliência em escolares: um estudo comparativo com múltiplos instrumentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-02-29) Garcia, Silvana Canalhe; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1988833969898915
With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of risk and resilience factors involved in child development, this study had the goal of identifying these factors among students from low-income families. The characteristic of the present research was descriptive and exploratory, searching for correlations among risk factors that hinder development and resilience factors that this population may present. Multiple instruments were used to allow for statistical analyses, which are still little explored by the Brazilian literature. A total of 107 children (3rd and 4th grades) from an elementary school in an upstate city of São Paulo responded the Resilience Scale and Parental Styles Inventory. The mothers (57) responded the following: Rutter s A2 Behavior Scale, Family Environment Resources Inventory, Adverse Events Scale, Social Support Questionnaire, Information Registry Social-economic Level and Parental Styles Inventory. Academic performance was measured by SARESP (Academic Achievement System of Sao Paulo State). Results indicated families economically less favored, with poor social support. Most common adverse events were associated with economic problems, and difficulties in parental relationships. SARESP data showed that 28.57% of the children presented low academic achievement. Over 80% of the children evaluated themselves presenting various resilience factors, such positive selfperception, good social skills and adequate external support. Parental style, assessed by the children and by mothers, was considered of risk. Almost half of the mothers (46%) reported that their children presented high frequency of emotional/behavior problems. For this group, parental styles and behaviors were found to be significantly more negative and academic achievement was inferior when compared with the less problems group. Five children (8% of the total) presented good academic achievement in spite of high number of adverse events suffered. These children could, thus, be considered resilient. Negative parental practices and behaviors were considered risk factors for its correlation with emotional/behavioral problems, and school supervision from parents and good academic achievement were considered protective factors. The need for methodological improvement to advance resiliency as a construct is discussed.