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Estudo e desenvolvimento de banhos contendo benzotriazol para eletrodeposição de níquel e caracterização química, física e morfologica dos filmes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-07)
Moraes, Ana Carolina Mazarin de
;
Carlos, Ivani Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666217445807782
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6213757332955372
In this work, nickel electrodeposition has been studied in the presence of the additives BTAH and/or EDTA onto platinum substrate from Watts plating bath, at different pH. The deposition and dissolution processes with or without additives were investigated through voltammetric techniques. The deposits obtained from these electrolytic solutions were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray dispersion (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (DRX). Voltammetric studies showed the presence of additives in the plating bath the deposition current densities decreased. The anodic scan suggested the formation of different nickel crystallographic faces, besides that it also suggested other processes that can occur in parallel with dissolution of deposits. The highest efficiencies of the deposition process were obtained at low jdep for all systems studied. The hydrogen evolution reaction occurs simultaneously to the nickel deposition process since the initial moments. The nickel deposition studies from alkaline solutions that contain high concentration of EDTA showed that the complex NiY2- did not discharge to metallic nickel. The deposits were formed only when EDTA was used in low concentrations (additive proportions). Analysis of the deposits by SEM showed that the best conditions to obtain these deposits were carried out at Ed = -1,0 V or jdep = 2,5 mA cm-2 from nickel solutions at pH 6,0 in the presence of 1,0 x 10-3 mol L-1 BTAH. By EDX analysis we could verify that there was O and Cl incorporation in the deposits. The deposits of nickel morphology depends on the deposition potential and consequently on chemical composition of the deposits.
Caracterização morfofuncional das brânquias de Arapaima gigas, durante a transição da respiração aquática para respiração aérea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-07)
Ramos, Cleverson Agner
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9306613290256886
The gill structure of the Amazon fish Arapaima gigas, an obligatory air breather, was analyzed during its transition to obligatory air breathing behavior and the obtained data was related to its breathing mode. Gills of fish weighing between 2 to 5000g were collected, fixed and processed for morphometric analysis, histochemistry, imunohistochemistry, transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy (chloride cell fractional area, CCFA and density). In the first stages of development the gill filaments is as those of water-breathers, but there s intense changes while the animal grow, with influence on respiratory function and ionic exchanges. The lamellae keeps its organizational structure, including red cells passing through it, but them become to vestigial in fish since 1000g, being the interlamellar regions filled with filament cells. The most important cell types of the gill epithelia are the chloride cells (CCs), mucous cells (MCs) and the pavement cells (PCs). The PCs shows irregular shape and random microridges on the cell surface. Two cell processes are involved to gill changes, cells proliferation and programmed death cells (apoptosis); there is an intense proliferating cells until animals reach 500-600g. Apoptotics cells were low in all the animals observed. The number of CCs are low in animals under 100-200g and increased in the filament and lamellar epithelia in animals up to 1000g as well as the CCFA. Two kinds of MCs were observed, PAS positive and Alcian Blue positive. There was a significant raise in both cells until animals with 100-200g and PAS positives until 500-600g. These cells seem to play an important role relation with ion regulation. The transition to air breathing and the restriction for aquatic respiration result in gill changes in A. gigas, and the gills may play other important functions like ion and acid-base regulation, optimized by its epithelia cell kinds and its design.
Crianças com e sem deficiência auditiva e em processo de inclusão: a perspectiva das habilidades sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-07)
Souza, Thiago Magalhães Pereira de
;
Del Prette, Almir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5873272860746197
Children with hearing impairments which study into the regular school can be isolated andrejected by their peer group and can exhibit more learning disability, emotional andbehavior problems than children that don't have deficiencies. Theoretical field of socialskills has been dedicated to the study of these questions. However the literature don tindicate which performances from the children could contribute or hinder the inclusion ofchildren with hearing impairments on their interpersonal relations, just as there a few dataon the relations between these performances and the social isolation and rejection by thepeer group, academic competence and behavior problems. This work was divided into tworesearches. The purpose of the research I consists in identify the inclusive social skills,by categorizing the pro-included performances and from the anti-included performances.Participated in this research I eight children with hearing impairments and 128 childrenwithout deficiency of eight classes of 1ª the 4ª grades of regular schools. By means offilming from the classes in the classroom and classes of the physical education, have beenidentified and categorized 30 pro-included performances and 20 anti-includedperformances from the children. The objective of the research II was observe the relationamong the pro-included performances and the anti-included performances and: a) the socialskills; b) the behavior problems; c) the academic competence; d) the sociometric statusfrom the children. Participated in this research II eight children with hearing impairmentsand eight children without deficiency of eight classes of 1ª the 4ª grades of regular schools.The statistically descriptive analysis suggested the relation among these performances andthe repertory of social skills and the academic competence from the children. The datarelative to the behavior problems and the sociometric status from the children don t suggestthe relation among these variables and the pro-inclusive performances and anti-inclusiveperformances.
Formação de professores de educação física da Universidade Estadual de Londrina: tradução do projeto curricular pelos professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-07)
Cesário, Marilene
;
Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3317859231163538
The curricular reformulation process which is established for every graduation course at National institutions of Higher Education, has the instructions for these curricular modifications in the National Curriculum Guideline CP01 and CP02 of 2002. Considering the course of Physical Education at UEL as a reference, we can realize that the curricular project of this course was installed in 2005 and it treats specifically the Physical Education teacher s education Licentiate degree. Recognizing the importance of the initial formation's task at teachers' professionalization and knowing that the possible changes in school institutions depend on this initial formation, this inquiry intend to analyze how teachers of the Physical Education course have translated the principles and guidelines which direct this curricular project into pedagogic practice. The main issue in this inquiry is teachers educators, because when they propose and resolve changes in the teachers' formation, they are also involved in a learning process and professional development. The specific elaborated goals were the following: a) Identify and analyze boundaries, challenges and difficulties found by teachers during the curricular project establishment; b) Describe and analyze teachers' initial learning derived from the curricular project establishment based on the perspective of the participant teachers; c) Identify, based on the narrative of the interviewee, that knowledge is recognized as important for the Physical Education teachers' education. We voted for a narrative inquisition in the current study, because it is understood that it characterizes the human experience phenomenon which is built during personal and professional life. A Semi-structured Interview was taken as a source for the data collection. This Interview was made with a teacher group that took part in the first year-Licensure establishment UEL (2005). Also, a Thematic Analysis was taken to treat and analyze the collected data. The results have showed the necessity for an association between school institution and university as one of the possibilities of teachers' professional development. The initial formation must approach the educative practice into school and must become an investigation field in a process of collaboration among different professionals.
Modelo para concepção de sistema de medição de desempenho do processo de desenvolvimento do produto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-07)
Prancic, Eduard
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Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1089222312561510
The development of a performance measurement system raises challenges related to both its role of application, involving the decision makers, and its range over the organization processes. Some processes are not yet properly incorporated in the literature on performance measurement systems, at least not in a structured and well articulate way, being usually represented only by a group of performance indicators. One of these processes is the Product Development Process (PDP)whose relevance given both by the academy and by the corporations justifies an investigation on how a performance measurement system should be developed to facilitate the appropriate use in search of speed and efficiency in new product development. Within this context, this thesis deals with two major subjects within Production Engineering simultaneously approached: a model for developing performance measurement systems to support product development process management. Such model has also the intent of highlighting the constraints and restrictions involved in performance systems structure and implementation. For this purpose a literature review was carried out. It has pointed out a gap in dealing with these two subjects simultaneously in Production Engineering field. A model was built considering the literature review on the subjects and also empiric evidences collected from four companies in several business segments. A multiple case study took into account the prospective of using performance measurement in different hierarchical levels. Furthermore, during the visits to the mentioned companies, important aspects were revealed regarding to the development of the performance measures and the articulation among these measures. Aspects as organizational structure, business model and competitive scenery, PDP management framework and information technology, all influence and impact the performance measurement systems development. However, in the studied companies, very few performance indicators were found, different from the traditional "cost, time and quality .
Profissionalização do jornalismo em Mossoró/RN : profissionalismo e poder local
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-09)
Nascimento, Lerisson Christian
;
Bonelli, Maria da Glória
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes tubulares de nanocompósitos de PEAD/EVA/argila organofílica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-10)
Marini, Juliano
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Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4533610255047654
In this work, the use of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in substitution to compatibility agents normally employed in the production of high density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites (such as polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride - PEMA) was evaluated due to its intrinsic polarity and relative low cost. Two EVAs with different melt flow indexes and vinyl acetate contents and two organophilic clays treated with different organic surfactants were used. It was verified that EVA with lower viscosity and higher polarity showed better interactions with the clay treated organically with polar surfactant. However, these characteristics reduced the HDPE/EVA compatibility. HDPE/EVA/MMT nanocomposites were obtained through melt mixing and subsequently blown as films. An Intercalated nanocomposite (HDPE/EVA 8/C15A) and a nanocomposite characterized by the presence of tactoids of the organoclay (HDPE/EVA 25/C30B) were produced. From rheological, morphological and permeation analysis it was found that the addition of clay modified the interfacial interactions between HDPE and EVA, increasing the system compatibility when compared to the HDPE/EVA blends behavior. Comparing with the HDPE/EVA blends, the better compatibility in nanocomposites were followed by an increase in elastic modulus, yielding and rupture behaviors and permeability properties. But these properties did not increase when compared with the pure HDPE film. The best results were obtained with the HDPE/EVA 8/C15A nanocomposite.
Restauração de imagens em vibro-acustografia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-10)
Leite, Talita Perciano Costa
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6877649058117092
Vibro-acoustography is an imaging modality that produces a map of the mechanical response of an object to a localized dynamic radiation force produced by an ultrasound field. This technique has been studied and used in clinical applications as to image calcification in breast tissue and arteries. This work aims to apply restoration algorithms to vibro-acoustography images. The point spread function (PSF) of the system is defined in terms of the acoustic emission of a point-target in response to a dynamic radiation stress of ultrasound. This PSF is used to form the image taking into account depth-of-field effects. The main problem found in the vibro-acoustography image formation is the high blur that this PSF causes to the acquired images, mainly in the depth direction (axial axis). To form the degraded image, digital phantoms were used, of breast for instance, simulating tissues with lesion-like inclusions. Moreover, Gaussian noise is added to the blurring model because of the characteristics of the images acquisition by the real vibro-acoustography system. Restoration filters are studied and applied to the images, and their results are compared visually and quantitatively; acceptable results are obtained. Problems found in the implementation of the restoration algorithms for this system are studied and possible solutions are discussed and applied to the final implementations. With the use of the algorithms high quality images were obtained if compared with the degraded versions, fact that justify the use of these methods in this kind of image. Moreover, the algorithms implemented in this work can be applied to imaging problems with similar characteristics.
O problema da verdade na filosofia de L. Wittgenstein: percurso da semântica à pragmática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-10)
Silva, Eduardo Simões
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Cass, Mark Julian Richter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549114665097353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4739161935290553
This study aims to examine the problem of truth as it presents itself in L. Wittgenstein's philosophy. Problem this, which will be presented not isolated from discussions on the truth raised in the history of philosophy, but within a broader context of the theories of truth in their projects. Thus, the work will develop in the following way: in the first chapter will be addressed various theories of truth, without any judgment of value to be raised as their projects (it is a chapter whose function is strictly descriptive). In the second chapter, will be presented the philosophy of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922) of Wittgenstein, specifically, with regard to the interest of this study, namely, the conception of truth as correspondence (Truth and Figuration) - with this chapter, claims to identify the discussion on the truth in Wittgenstein with a broader project of truth. In the third chapter, will be addressed to the philosophy of Philosophical Investigations (1945) as a radical contrast to the tractatian vision of the problem of truth, where the author explains his criticism of traditional concepts of the meaning in favor of a pragmatic use of the language. It is expected with this chapter to establish a link between the Tractatus and Philosophical Investigations, or rather indicates possible errors which Wittgenstein himself would have found in Tractatus, mistakes that would justify the changes of direction of the first to the second work. What Wittgenstein proposed from Philosophical Investigations is a new method to avoid conceptual confusions, and the emphasis will no longer be in the search for the essence of language or the logical way of proposition, but in the use we make of language in our daily practices
Um jornal entre Brasil e Japão : a construção de uma identidade para japoneses no Brasil e brasileiros no Japão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-12)
Silva, Victor Hugo Martins Kebbe da
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Machado, Igor José de Renó
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305524727781733
The present inquiry will survey the study of the japanese-brazilian identity referent to the Japanese descendants born in Brazil - the "nikkeis", as in the ways this group is conceived, as much for the descendants residents in Brazil as for all those immigrating to Japan in pursuit of economic and financial ascension, as the Dekasseguis. In this migratory flow we detect the classic categories, as the identity, ethnicity, race and State, don t consider all dimensions of the new problems originated from the fact descendants think in a common identity, surpassing politics, economics and culturally the national barriers. Therefore, I make use as base to this study the Nippo-Brasil Journal and the Made In Japan magazine, representative publications of the nikkei community, which served as privileged access method to the way how these descendants think themselves, having as angle the Japanese Immigration Centenary in Brazil, celebrated in 2008. Firstly seen as a social drama, it is possible to notice by the immigration centenary, besides representing a historical mark in Japanese immigration, it also represents a momentum in which the social structure, dilemmas, moral dictates are revealed, therefore being a relevant investigative device.
Pelos olhos das crianças: uma etnografia da favela do Gonzaga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-12)
Begnami, Patricia dos Santos
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1925748938844958
This research had the objective to enlarge and to deepen the suburb analysis, using as an object the Gonzaga shantytown, located in São Carlos, in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, and a neighborhood spotted by the population of the city as a troubled one, and the home of most of the criminals operating in the city, since it s one of the neighborhoods where most inhabitants have low incomes. Through the ethnography focused on the study of a case, the Gonzaga shantytown, I have revised the co-extensive relation between two generation universes: the adult and the infantile, investigating the sociability in the neighborhood, using as objects, the street, the relationships among the children, and also the relationships between the children, their parents and their relatives. In sum, I have investigated through the field research, the participating observation, the ethnography as the children are committed with the configuration, and the net of social activities in the neighborhood and how all that is represented and portrayed in the children s behavior and sociability, as much as in their ludic activities. In this research, the main role is played by the children, therfore the text was built from the children s point of view; they are interlocutors. Thus, the children were treated as subjects, capable of representing and signifying their own experiences, as actors and social agents that signify, and not merely re-signify their social environment, and that perceive the world and represent it in their own way. At last, this research shows how the Gonzaga shantytown s children represent and signify the neighborhood where they live in, and, because of the children, we are able to know the life experience of those who live in the suburbs or in shantytowns, which is different than the one presented by the tv channels and the newspapers, medias that do not realize the diversity of inhabitants in these neighborhoods.
Avaliação do desempenho de diferentes tipos de nanotubos de carbono na determinação de íons metálicos e ácido mefenâmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-12)
Zidoi, Luciana
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6735476754065144
This work is summarized in the evaluation of the acting of different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the determination of metallic íons. The appraised electrodes differ amongst themselves for the form of synthesis of the carbon nanotubes, that they take the formation of different types of NTCs with varied diameters. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) present diameters of 20-40 nm and of 110-190 nm. The single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) present a smaller diameter than 2 nm. Already the electrodes of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubo (AMWCNT) possess a diameter of 10-20 nm. The used technique was the one of anodic stripping differential pulse for the determination of a quartet of metallic íons, very known in the literature: Zn (II), Cd (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II). The metals were determined simultaneously, in a solution of acetate buffer 0.1 mol L-1, pH 4.8, containing íons Hg2 2+ in solution for the formation of one amalgam in the surface of the electrode, facilitating with that the deposition metallic íons. The parameters used for this study were: time of deposition of 120 s, in a potential of -1.2 V, time of preequilibrium of 10 s, scan rate of 20 mV s-1, width of pulse of 50 mV and potential range from -1.3 to 0.1 V. Observed that so much the electrode of NTCPMs (20-40 nm) as the electrode of NTCPU (< 2nm), they were the ones that presented better values of detection limits, quantification limits and sensibility, for Cd (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II). Already the best results for the determination of the ion Zn (II) they are in the electrode of NTCPMs of larger diameters (110-190 nm). An brief study, it was also accomplished, for the determination of a biological composition in phosphate buffer, pH 7.1, the mefenamic acid, a medicine that presents activities anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-thermal and they were obtained good results.
Análise da competitividade da cadeia produtiva da soja no Brasil vis-à-vis os demais países exportadores sul-americanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-12)
Pinazza, Gustavo Galvão de Miranda
;
Batalha, Mario Otávio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
The investigation of potentially and factors related to efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural activities is presented in a great number of scientific works. On the other and, fewer papers have investigated the activities with a comparison of agrisystems´ competitiveness between different countries. With this consideration and seeking to contribute to the development of the Brazilian´s agribusiness, it was proposed as the main objective of this work the evaluation of the soybeans´ agrisystem competitiveness in Brazil, in face of the others producers countries in south America, focusing the opportunities of new destines of exportation of the product. For this purpose, the methodological approach used in this study considered the drivers of competitiveness as factors that can affect the performance of the agrisystem, formed by considerable informations about domestic market, international market, specific politics and programs, taxation, food safety, technology, market structure, companies management, production resources and storage. From a comparative analysis of this drivers between Brazil, Argentina, Paraguai, Bolivia and Uruguai, and the application of the SWOT Analysis tool, the research reveals that in front of new commercial trades among Mercosur and Europe Union, Brazil is one of the countries that more incline to be improved, considering that the country is already occupies a great position in the international market of soybeans products. However, many progresses can possibility be reached, since problems like diseases and sustainability questions reduce the productivity and efficiency. The same happens with questions related to transportation and storage, in witch the producers´ areas are located in long distances of the drainage ports, constituting the main impediment of the competitiveness of the agrisystem in the country. Finally, the study suggests a row of forms of intervention that focuses the improvement of the strengths and minimization of the weaknesses, whose can be executed by producers and industries, government, or the role group associated.
Caracterização elétrica e magnética de Fe granular embebido em matriz de ZnSe
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-13)
Muniz, Pedro Schio de Noronha
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Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4464937635959170
Electric and magnetic properties of nanoscopic clusters of iron immersed in Zinc Selenide were studied in this work. The system presents superparamagnetic behavior with a weak thermally activate ferromagnetic interaction. Small tunnel magnetoresistence was observed in room temperature (approximately 1% with fields of 30 kOe) and its behavior was observed as a function of temperature and bias. This work demonstrate that a despite of excellent macroscopic and microscopic properties of Fe/ZnSe/Fe epitaxial heterostructures the experimental observation shows small values of tunnel magnetoristance in room temperature. This results shows that the application of this materials in spintronics devices is limited.
Estudo dos processos de eletrodeposição de filmes finos de Se, ZnSe e PbS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-13)
Fernandes, Valéria Cristina
;
Mascaro, Lucia Helena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7987385835577071
This work describes studies on the underpotential deposition (UPD) of selenium, zinc, as well for Zn/Se systems deposited on polycrystalline Pt electrodes in acid solutions. The effects of Zn presence in the Se dissolution process were also investigated in the UPD and bulk potential range, 0.6 and 0.03 V respectively. The measurements were carried out using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Furthermore Lead sulfide (PbS) multilayers were grown on a single crystal Ag(111) substrate by Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ECALE) method. For Zn UPD in sulfuric acid, two different processes were observed, which are attributed to the dissolution of submonolayer of Znads and H-atoms adsorbed on the electrode surface. For Se UPD was observed that hydrogen desorption were completely inhibited indicating that Se film recovered the Pt surface. The deposition of UPD Se in perchloric acid solution showed the transference of 4 electrons with 1.4 and 1.12 active sites of Pt occupied by 1 Se ad-atom in the UPD and bulk potential range, respectively. In the evaluation of the Se monolayers dissolution process formed at 0.03 V during 2000 s a process not mentioned in the literature it was observed which was evaluated by the technique MECQ. The experimental results obtained by this technique allowed to end that the dissolution process occurred by two stages, and the first involved the participation of 6e-. The dissolution mechanism with 6e- happens with the participation of water in the dissolution process of Se, leading to the formation of an oxygenated selenium compound which in next step undergo slow oxidation and is dissolved as soluble Se(VI) species. Then the total dissolution process of Se occurs in a six-electron transfer reaction. For Se deposition in the Zn presence the dissolution charges associated with Se UPD increase, indicating that the presence of Zn favors the deposition of UPD Se. In the case of PbS multilayers on Ag (111) the voltammetric analysis of the first PbUPD and SUPD peaks indicates a mechanism of two-dimensional growth, which is consistent with epitaxial growth. Electrochemical stripping measurements indicate that the amount of Pb and S deposited in a given number of cycles is a function of the number of cycles employed, again suggesting a layer-by-layer growth. This result indicates that the amount of Pb and S in these films corresponds to the stoichiometric 1:1 ratio, indicating the formation of a compound.
Programação de ensino de leitura e escrita para crianças com deficiência mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-13)
Freitas, Maria Clara de
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6993887072345221
The importance of reading and spelling for citizens is a significant issue. However, repeatedly the school system shows failures in teaching these repertoires. When children with mental retardation are inserted in the regular classroom, the problems increase. Teachers don t know how to teach them academic skills, therefore obscuring their potential and prejudicing their social inclusion. Moreover, studies in equivalence of stimulus have systematically demonstrated the applicability of procedures based on this paradigm for individuals with mental retardation, as well as the effectiveness of similar methodologies applied to the teaching of rudimentary reading and spelling skills to other populations, such as preschool students and children with developmental disorders. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: a. to investigate the necessary conditions for the teaching of children with mental deficiency using a procedure designed to of teaching reading and spelling, and b. to redesign the software that contains this procedure in order to achieve results for the children with mental retardation compatible with the ones obtained by the application of this same software to children with school failures. A multiple baseline design with a mobile criterion, has been used, focusing the analysis on the three participants performance when exposed to the modifications implemented by the three consecutive procedures. The results indicated small profits for Procedure 1, when only formal modifications in the software were made, such as exchange of stimuli (words and pictures) and exhibition of the font in capital letters. As the second procedure introduced more structural modifications, as blocked-trial trainings and auditory-visual trials with critical differences between the words, the results showed great success for all the reading and spelling skills tested. The last procedure made refinements in the program, and equally reached success with shorter trainings and bigger words. As a conclusion of the work, success was reached in the adaptation and application of the teaching program: the children with mental retardation showed results of reading and spelling compatible with the results the pupils with learning difficulties had shown in previous studies. Furthermore, it was also possible to say that the data obtained had contributed to understand a little more how and how much this students learn, and how this learning can be guaranteed and optimized using procedures based on matching to sample, constructed response matching to sample and exclusion.
Do conhecimento tradicional ao princípio ativo: dilemas sociais da atividade de pesquisa etnofarmacológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-13)
Almeida, Marcelo Fetz de
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Vargas, Marcelo Coutinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3936124976880088
The Research and Development (R&D) in ethnopharmacology and etnobiology fields, guided by the therapeutic information obtained with local communities and indigenous people, holders of traditional knowledge, produces social conflicts and social disputes. Firstly, it is a paradoxical scientific activity since the modern scientific discovery in ethnopharmacology is produced by a non-scientific knowledge. This controversial research strategy intends to produce a socially legitimized knowledge through a process of epistemic standardization. Secondly, although the use of traditional knowledge is a typical activity, to access it and to use it requires the signature of a contract for the equitable sharing of benefits as well as the signature of a term of prior consent access. These two juridical requirements are at the same time a new ethical parameter in scientific research and a barrier to the autonomy of the scientific field. Therefore, through the politic action scientists and researches seeks new social strategies to recovery the autonomy of the scientific field in ethnopharmacology and ethnobiology areas. Thus, this sociological research analyzes the internal conflicts between scientists in the scientific field through the examination of the social controversies in the use of two distinct research models, the vertical and the horizontal research models, as well as the examination of the external social disputes of the scientific activity, specially the politic action of scientists concerning to the autonomy question. In this research, the question of access, use and equitable sharing of benefits in R&D processes emerges as an interesting strategy used by scientists to legitimate the appropriation of the traditional knowledge. As non-knowledge, the traditional knowledge is transformed by the modern commercial science in generic information without significance. At the same time, this traditional generic information would be liable to be manipulated and appropriated by pharmaceutical multinationals trough the application of intellectual property rights. Finally, the appropriation of the traditional communities claim intends to legitimate socially the controversial scientific activity of ethnopharmacologists, ethnobiologists and pharmaceutical industries.
Quantificação de mRNA de genes relacionados à resposta imune em bovinos infectados com endoparasitos do gênero Haemonchus spp
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-14)
Ibelli, Adriana Mércia Guaratini
;
Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4729789236742545
Brazilian livestock production presents great impact for the national agriculture, possessing the largest bovine commercial herd of the world. However, the productivity is low and gastrintestinal diseases caused by Haemonchus spp are one of the major constraints to the production. It is known that those parasites are responsible for many immunological responses in the host. Cytokine polarization Th1/Th2 has been studied to understand the infections caused by nematodes. However, the studies that try to understand immune response of cattle with Haemonchus spp are still scarce. The goal of this work was to verify differences in the mRNA abundance of genes involved in immune response of calves of Nelore breed (Bos indicus) submitted to the first infection with Haemonchus spp, relating these differences to patterns of cellular infiltrate. Genes were evaluated by real time PCR and relative quantification was made by the software Relative Expression Software Tool. Results showed up-regulation of the interleukins IL-4 (p≤0.05) and IL- 13 (p≤0.05) in the lymph node of challenged animals. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in mRNA abundance for the genes analyzed in abomasum. There were no significant differences for mast cells and eosinophil counts in abomasal tissue among analyzed groups. From the results, it can be concluded that for the short infection time, there was increased polarization of Th2 in lymph node, but it was not seen in abomasal tissue.
Efeitos dos exercícios de aquecimento e alongamento na flexibilidade de sujeitos idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-14)
Ferreira, José Jamacy de Almeida
;
Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7942403520160630
Influência da orientação corporal no movimento de cabeça em bebês nos quatro primeiros meses de idade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-03-14)
Lima, Carolina Daniel de
;
Tudella, Eloisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4144337339534625