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Análise da gestão de cooperativas rurais tradicionais e populares : estudo de casos na Cocamar e Copavi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-04) Chiariello, Caio Luis; Eid, Farid; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6858881569501075
Led back to the center of the politician debate since 1970 s, the liberal speech affirms that the economic development proportionated by the global market is enough to solve workers unemployment. In this context, liberals defend that the association of workers in cooperatives is functional to the capitalism, brightening up social effects of the cyclical crises of production, losing its function when of the increase of the production, and soon of the job. So, cooperatives would appropriate of the technical instruments of management from typically capitalist companies and would evolve to become capital valuation spaces. In the Brazilian case, this conception bases the theoretical reflection about the necessity of the traditional agricultural cooperatives to seem its management in the great participant companies of the agribusiness, adhering to the postulates of economic rationality, searching for profit. This text presents the case study on a traditional agricultural cooperative with this profile, the Cooperative COCAMAR, identificated with capital companies. On the other hand, in Brazil, since 1990 s, many workers started organizing themselves democratically in solidary economic enterprises. They ve searched for job and struggled with unemployment, intending the continuity of their activities, subordinating the economic rationality to the social rationality. Popular cooperatives are some of these enterprises, originated from social movements of resistance, worried in offering better conditions of life to the associates. One of the main challenges of these popular cooperatives is the adoption of management tools that make possible greater effectiveness in the production and permit their permanence in the market, but not compromising its solidary principles. This text also presents a case study done on the Cooperative - COPAVI, each was founded by no land workers of MST. Through the empirical inquiry, we ve analyzed some management elements: the collective property of the land and the means of production; the access to the credit under differentiated conditions; the search for an effective internal democracy and organization of work under the self management, taken as fundamental to COPAVI exerts its activities into the capitalism, but not omitting its solidary principles and its character of social movement.
Análise qualitativa de um projeto com uma família de agricultores no assentamento rural Fazenda Pirituba II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-04) Carvalho, Carolina Delgado de; Ferraz, José Maria Gusman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851804858390996; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0466296477808368
Agroecology emerges as a science in the 70´s of the 20th century. It criticizes convencional agriculture based on a paradigm that passes over social individual connected to natural resources management what brings up serious social and environmental consequences. It proposes an alternative to the subject division of positivist science and incorporates social and ecological view in the agricultural systems analysis. It has a pluri-epistemological nature and makes use of participative metodology with a perspective of dialetics research, breaking up with subject-object power structure of convencional science that says investigator is who knows and the individuals are objects to be analysed. This work tries to break up with this power relationship and to give voice to a family of agriculturists participating in a project developed by Incubadora Regional de Cooperativas Populares (INCOOP/UFSCar) in the Fazenda Pirituba II Rural Settlement. Its purpose is to analyse the agroecological transition this family is passing through and that this project is part of. For it qualitative research methods were used like participant observation, case study and oral life history. Institution disconnection, non-comprehension of the socialhistorical context, loss of global view and leaving off project seemed to be the main factors contributing to the project failure. We conclude that longer supported projects articulating governamental, non-governamental institutions actions and agriculturists supported by an efficient Agroecological Rural Extension public policy must contribute to generate sustainable and autonomous processes in the communities.
Aspectos fisioecológicos de Astyanax fasciatus e Pimelodus maculatus (teleósteos) do reservatório da UHE de Furnas, MG: avaliação morfofuncional das brânquias e variáveis hematológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-04) Henrique, Helen Sadauskas; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1910990054248099
The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphofunctional structure of the gills and the hematological variables of Astyanax fasciatus and Pimelodus maculatus living on Furnas Dam Reservoir (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) and analyses the influence of water quality on these parameters. The fishes were collected in five sites (FU10: Turvo; FU20: Guapé; FU30: Barranco Alto; FU40: Fama and FU50: Porto Fernandes) during June and December/2006. Physico-chemical variables and organochlorides content of the water and heavy metals on the sediment were performed. Gills and blood samples were taken for check inquire of the composition of the water on the presence of histopathologys and differentiation of chloride and mucous cells and differences on the hematological variables of the fishes collected on the different sites. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, epithelial lifting, oedema and chloride cells proliferation were the most common histopathological damages observed on the gills for both species. The histopathological alteration index of the gills indicates some degree of lesions that engage the normal function of the organ in A. fasciatus collected in June. Heavy metals, as copper seems to promote alterations on the red blood cells for both fishes during the sampling. While, some pollutants as endosulfan, metolachloride, copper and chromium seems to causes a stimulation of the immune system of the fishes; this effect was most common on the fishes collected in the sites: FU10, FU20 and FU30. The condition factor (K and Kn) of the fishes has been affected by the presence of chromium on the sediment, especially in the site FU30 during the two months. Over all, these results indicates that the water quality in June and December (2006) of Furnas Dam reservoir could promote physiological and morphological alterations on the gills fishes to maintain the homeostase.
Macroinvertebrados em córregos de baixa ordem sob diferentes usos do solo no estado de São Paulo: subsídios para o biomonitoramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-04) Suriano, Marcia Thais; Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca; https://lattes.cnpq.br/846575283652970; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7544344533006589
The environmental monitoring assesses the state of preservation of aquatic ecosystems, providing information for the development of strategies for management, conservation of natural areas and plans for recovery of degraded environments. This evaluation is performed through abiotic and biotic information, in particular the macroinvertebrates. This work focused on this biota to evaluate the environmental quality of low order streams in the State of Sao Paulo using two approaches: the community structure and the selection of multimetrics. The first approach presents the study of the taxonomic composition and the structure of functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates, and the second concerns the selection of metrics applied to this community to assess the integrity of lotic environments. We selected 29 streams of 1st and 2nd orders in different landscape and land uses, of which 15 streams are located in the following Conservation Units: Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Estação Ecológica de Caetetus, Parque Estadual Furnas do Bom Jesus, Parque Estadual de Vassununga, Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo e Parque Estadual de Intervales, and 14 are located in regions with sugar cane, eucalyptus and pasture monocultures. The environmental characterization followed the protocol proposed by the Project Biota/Fapesp and is detailed in Material and Methods. In each stream we delimited a segment of 100m and took six samples of benthic fauna using a Surber sampler. The identification was made until the lowest practical taxonomic level using keys for identification, original descriptions and help of experts when needed. For the first approach, the results showed differences in the taxonomic composition and structure of functional feeding groups among the streams and the areas with different land uses. In general, there was greater participation of Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Coleoptera in streams located in the Conservation Units and greater participation of Odonata, Diptera, Bivalvia and Gastropoda in streams located in impacted areas. The analyses of the functional feeding structure showed that the shredders were major participatants in areas with riparian vegetation including two streams located in eucalyptus monoculture. To assess the integrity of low order streams in the State of Sao Paulo we selected 51 metrics which were analyzed using the following criteria: i, predictable response to the anthropic impacts, ii, higher taxonomic resolution, iii, operational and theoretical simplicity. Eighteen metric were related to the environmental and spacial predictors used. Of these, eight metrics covered the selection criteria set and were potentially considered to integrate a multimetric system for evaluating low order streams of the State of Sao Paulo: taxonomic richness of family, total of richness Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera, total density of specimens, percentage of Megaloptera and Hirudinea groups, percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera groups together, the Shannon diversity index for genera and the adapted BMWP index.