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Monitoramento in-line da formação de nanocompósitos PP/MMT via intercalação no estado fundido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-04)
Bertolino, Marcelo Koga
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Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
The aim of this work is to monitor in-line, using an optical detector fitted at the extruder die exit, the formation of PP/MMT nanocomposites during polymer melt compounding. The intensity of the detector´s signal is dependent of the clay type (organofilization treatment), concentration and particle size, and so it is possible to monitor the presence of the clay tactoids due to their light extinction. The MMT clay is added as a pulse with constant weight into the PP extrusion flow and its presence is followed by the optical detector at the die exit. The data comes out as the common residence time distribution curves having its maximum intensity dependent upon the clay average particle size. On clay exfoliation the size of the tactoids are reduced to levels below the minimum particle size for producing light extinction and so the signal intensity reduces as the nanosize composite is formed. X-Ray diffraction analyses are used as offline monitoring of the nanocomposite formation. The results show that it is possible to use the optical detector to monitoring in-line the formation of nanocomposites.
A mídia impressa na promoção de discursos sobre políticas de igualdade racial : o negro e a revista Raça
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-04)
Braga, Amanda Batista
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Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6466537417099357
Notre recherche problématise les discours qui soutiennent la construction de l égalité raciale au Brésil (ou bien, l effort pour), représentés par des énoncés sur les Politiques d Actions Positives transmis par les médias imprimées. Ces politiques represéntent une nouvelle façon de combat au préjugé au Brésil grâce à l adoption, a partir 1996, des politiques d identité, au détriment des politiques d intégration. Ainsi, le combat au racisme est mené selon une optique affirmative, en ratifiant de manière positive, les différences par les biais du discours de la fierté noire. Nous avons comme objectif débattre la trajectoire discoursive des ces politiques, en analysant comment ces discours sont produits, soutenus ou modifiés, par de médias imprimée et de quelle façon ils construisent des identités. Le corpus de notre recherche est constitué, plus particulièrement, par les discours qui sont inscrit dans le magazine Raça Brasil. Ce magazine a été publié, pour la première fois, en septembre 1996, à l apogée de toutes les discussions sur la question raciale au Brésil. Il se présente comme Le magazine des noires brésiliens, dont le but est celui de redonner aux noirs l estime de soi et de visibilité dans le marché médiatique et de la mode, donc, ouvrir une voie pour la valorisation des races qui ne soient que basée sur le combat au racisme, mais sur l affirmation de l identité. Avec le but de comprendre et de discuter de la production de ces identités dans les médias, surtout dans le magazine Raça, nous avons essayé de lancer quelques lumières sur le rapport établi par le biais du discours entre les noires et son esthétique. Dans ce context-là, nous trouvons dans le signe du cheveu crépu, frisé, un symbole producteur des signifiés pluriel, variable en accord avec les conditions de production discursifs. Basées sur ce contexte de pouvoir dans lequel s inscrit dans les discours médiatiques les rapports de gens noirs avec son cheveu, nous voulons démontrer comment les discours sur les usages des cheveux, et ainsi les sens qui lui sont attribués, font partie du processus de construction d une certaine identité. Notre recherche est, donc, une analyse des discours des politiques affirmatives, des rapports de pouvoir qui les traversent et des modes de production d identité qui sont inscrit dans les médias imprimées.
Influência da incorporação de aditivos nas propriedades do Poli (Hidroxibutirato-co-hidroxivalerato) - PHBV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-05)
Brunel, Daiane Gomes
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Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3739421391346977
The concept of environmentally correct products has been exhaustively discussed and, today, the use of biodegradable polymers appears as a feasible alternative for the problem of inadequate disposal of plastic waste products. Poly(hydroxybutyrate) PHB and the copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-cohydroxyvalerate) PHBV are among the main members of the class of biodegradable polymers, which are thermoplastic polymers produced from a renewable source and 100% biodegradable. However, PHB and PHBV still present several limitations, such as stiffness and brittleness, low thermal stability, and a narrow process window. However, the thermal and mechanical performance of PHB and PHBV can be improved through the use of additives. In view of this fact, the objective of this study was to produce materials with properties optimized through the incorporation of a plasticizer, nucleant and thermal stabilizer to the PHBV copolymer. The formulations were subjected to the following tests: tensile and notched Izod impact tests, melt flow index, differential exploratory calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). Additivation of the copolymers proved effective, usually resulting in adequate processability due to the presence of the nucleant and the improved physicomechanical properties provided by the plasticizer. The thermal stabilizer proved dispensable since the stability of the PHBV was not improved. A comparison was made of the results obtained in some properties for the two copolymers with different hydroxyvalerate contents. The copolymer containing more HV proved better than the other, even displaying greater compatibility with the most efficient additives. The biodegradability was evaluated based on mass loss, alterations in the mechanical tensile properties, and SEM analysis after 180 days in organic soil. The additivated formulations presented higher mass loss than the pure copolymer, indicating the feasibility of producing a copolymer with adequate physical and mechanical properties combined with the desired biodegradability.
Modelagem fuzzy usando agrupamento condicional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-06)
Nogueira, Tatiane Marques
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0851148137941240
The combination of fuzzy systems with clustering algorithms has great acceptance in the scientific community mainly due to its adherence to the advantage balance principle of computational intelligence, in which different methodologies collaborate with each other potentializing the usefulness and applicability of the resulting systems. Fuzzy Modeling using clustering algorithms presents the transparency and comprehensibility typical of the linguistic fuzzy systems at the same time that benefits from the possibilities of dimensionality reduction by means of clustering. In this work is presented the Fuzzy-CCM method (Fuzzy Conditional Clustering based Modeling) which consists of a new approach for Fuzzy Modeling based on the Fuzzy Conditional Clustering algorithm aiming at providing new means to address the topic of interpretability of fuzzy rules bases. With the Fuzzy-CCM method the balance between interpretability and accuracy of fuzzy rules is dealt with through the definition of contexts defined by a small number of input variables and the generation of clusters induced by these contexts. The rules are generated in a different format, with linguistic variables and clusters in the antecedent. Some experiments have been carried out using different knowledge domains in order to validate the proposed approach by comparing the results with the ones obtained by the Wang&Mendel and conventional Fuzzy C-Means methods. The theoretical foundations, the advantages of the method, the experiments and results are presented and discussed.
Contribuição do sistema de gestão empresarial (SGE) à efetivação da estratégia de produção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-06)
Gonzalez, Cleber Camacho
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Nogueira, Edemilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4528400534946550
This work assumes that the success of an enterprise can be reached out more easily if the strategic hierarchies are respected. Thus, the decisions referring to the operational area ought to follow the paths proposed by the operation strategy, which should be subordinated to and coherent with the corporative strategy. Having this as a main basis, this study focuses on the strategic objectives of operations and, by means of case studies, it aims at verifying the contribution of enterprise management system (EMS) to its elaboration. The cases were studied aiming at knowing the performance objectives most valued by the company administration and the production function too. Next, this work studies in the operational area which traits of a EMS can mostly contribute in the effectiveness of these strategic objectives. Finally, an inventory about the utilization of the EMS is elaborated and a comparative analysis is carried out so that it is possible to identify the adequacy level existent. In order to get the reader acquainted to the themes discussed a bibliographical review was made and it covers Operation Strategy, Enterprise Management System and the Strategic Alignment between them. By the end of this study, it was possible to observe that the enterprise strategy has been communicating efficiently with the operational area and that the utilization of EMS contributes to the strategic effectiveness of operation. Nevertheless, it can be realized that this contribution could be more relevant in case the alignment between Operational areas and IT were worked out more elaboratedly. In relation to the alignment level, analyses did not show significant differences neither among the companies researched in spite of the fact they belong to different action areas, nor among different EMS or their versions.
Purificação de penicilina G por adsorção em resinas hidrofóbicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-06)
Barros, André Nogueira Castro de
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8455531675596427
The separation of biotechnological products is an area of great economic importance once it represents the majority of the cost of this product. On industrial production of penicillin G (penG), the separation of the antibiotic has been made by extraction on organic solvent. However the decrease on the use of these solvents has become imperative in many chemical processes, caused mainly by environmental issues, which has motivating the pharmaceutical company PRODOTTI S/A, penG producer, on the research of new and less environmental aggressive ways to obtain this substance. Adsorption is one of the methods of concentration/purification most used by the chemical industry and it is based on the attraction exercised over the product (liquid phase) by a solid phase. The project sponsored by UFSCar/Prodotti/FINEP in progress has as one of its aims the study of the technical availability of substitution of extraction of penG by solvents for extraction by adsorption in hydrophobic resins. The penG, which is a weak acid, has therefore a favorable adsorption in low pH values. Nevertheless, penG can degrade itself under such conditions of pH, being required, in this way, adequate conditions for the operation. Therefore, the objective of this assignment was evaluate the influence of pH and temperature on the efficiency on adsorption of penG by hydrophobic resins, seeking conditions for maximum efficiency that do not result in degradation. Initially, it was necessary to develop the methodology that could allowed that analysis of a huge amount of penG samples in culture medium, which means that the penG could be analyzed in the presence of other nutrients and also could be distinguished between the intact and the degradated form. Some methods such as CLAE, iodometric and bioassay were analyzed and the conclusion was the CLAE method was necessary and also was able to quantify the penG s degradation rate. This features allowed the studies of penG s stability when exposed to different value pH and temperatures, the maximum half-life that it was stable in each condition and the time of growth, which means that it was possible to determine the time that the variation in the medium s concentration that did not affect the quantification of penG. Nevertheless, the CLAE method is very expensive to be applied to a large number of samples originated from culture medium. With this in mind, a new methodology was developed based on the complete hydrolysis of penG catalyzed by the penicillin G acilase, and this reaction proved to be precise and reproducible, reasons for being chosen in the later steps of this study. The efficiency of adsorption of penG was evaluated in the resins XAD-4, XAD-7, XAD-761 and activated carbon, and the XAD-4 resin has shown to be the most efficient with little increment of efficiency at pH 4.0 (44%) when compared to pH 6.0 (36%). Therefore, the XAD-4 resin was studied for parameters such as adsorption kinetics and the isotherms of adsorption were determined in different value of pH and temperatures. The Langmuir s isotherm had the best fit into the data collected in all the conditions, with maximum value of qmax = 595.06±51.54 mg penG/g resin, at pH 4 and 4°C. In order to analyze the adsorptions in value of pH lower than 4.0 without the occurrence of penG s degradation that usually occurs at high concentrations of this molecule and at value of pH lower than 4.0, two strategies referring to the adsorption conditions were studied. For the first one, the fermentative broth s pH is adjusted and right after this same broth is maintained in contact with the adsorbent. For the second method, the adsorbent was add to the fermentative broth at a pH of 7.0 and with the adsorption process the pH was reduced until reach the complete adsorption of the penG. The last process showed a better efficiency of adsorption of 0.77g penG/g resin and productivity of 0.31 g penG/g resin/hour at pH 4.0, meanwhile the direct adsorption at pH 4.0 had an efficiency of 0.548g penG/g resin (0.548 g penG/g resin/hour). The second strategy with the gradient is better since it increases the efficiency and decreases the productivity of the process. The results showed that the ideal situation would be to work with pH values even lower than 4, but elevated concentrations of penG will lead to the degradation of the antibiotic in this pH range. The desorption of penG was studied using a technique of experimental planning and analysis such as pH, temperature and composition of mixture water/ethanol. The results showed that to obtain a maximum desorption, the process must be effectuated at 8°C and utilizes as eluent a mixture of 82.5% ethanol and 17.5% water on a pH of 6.2.
O espaço escolar na Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (1944-1966)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-06)
Silva, Anete Charnet Gonçalves da
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616718781985564
The research The School Space in the Brazilian Magazine of Pedagogic Studies (1944-1966) intends to analyze the School Space, from the architecture and health, just like it was presented by the Brazilian Magazine of Pedagogic Studies, from 1944 to 1966, taking the texts published in the magazine as its principal source. It investigates how the school space specializes itself, acquiring functionality, from an architecture that, taking the example of other areas, has being conducted to the school and your educational program, the school architecture. Exhibiting the characteristics and the changes of the school space introduced by functional architecture, indicating how the medicine knowledge, that enters the school to preserve the health of the individual, has associated to education and into that specialized school space acted disciplinary at the production of new brazilian to the urban-industrial society. Finally, it gives information about the registered movements in discussions that occurred on educational events that intended to establish a school space policy.
Avaliação da eficácia de um programa suplementar para o ensino de leitura e escrita aplicado em ambiente escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-07)
Reis, Thaíze de Souza
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3497049970396440
A computerized teaching program for the individualized teaching of reading and writing has been developed and periodically revised by a research team. Designed under the conceptual framework of stimulus equivalence, the program teaches conditional relations between printed words and dictated words. Additional teaching trials include matching printed syllables to dictated syllables. The assessment of the program in laboratory settings has systematically shown that it is very effective in promoting the emergence of reading (textual behavior) and dictation-taking (performances not directly taught). The present study is part of a broader research program on the feasibility and efficacy of the teaching program when implemented in school settings by the school s staff. The specific goal was to evaluate the efficacy of the teaching program under these new conditions. Sixty-four students participated. They were not learning to read and write in the classroom and a pre-test evaluation demonstrated that they did not read single words. The study used a group design. The Experimental Group (N=38) was exposed to the program (a sequence of 17 teaching units interspersed among 15 assessment units). The Control Group (N=26) was exposed to a similar program, except that the task required only matching pictures to dictated words and naming the pictures. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the groups on the pre-test, but on the post-test only the Experimental Group showed accurate reading and writing performances and also generalized those repertoires to new words. These results replicate and extend the findings of previous studies in laboratory settings, thus recommending the teaching program as a remedial tool that could be useful in supplementing the school efforts to teach students who fail with the conventional procedures.
Conformação por spray da liga formadora de fase amorfa Fe66B30Nb4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-07)
Bonavina, Luiz Fernando
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Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5443002033733395
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1415547884100471
The goal of this doctoral thesis was to contribute to the technology of amorphous metals production with dimensions of the order of millimeters or centimeters through the process of spray forming for the ternary Fe66B30Nb4 alloy. First the alloy has been rapidly solidified by "melt-spinning" to produce ribbons and by its comparison with those data from the literature, confirm the adequacy of the procedures used. Then the alloy has been processed by spray forming with the changing of processing parameters for increasing the fraction of solid particles in the deposition. The characterization of both the overspray powders and the deposits have been performed by combination of X-ray diffratometry XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission (MET) with microanalyses by dispersion of X-ray energy (EDS) and also differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Mechanical properties were evaluated by testing the hardness and compression resistance. The formation of only 35% of amorphous volume fraction of particles in the size range of 5-20 μ m in diameter indicates that the heterogeneous nucleation have been present in the overspray powder solidification and therefore leading to an increasing of the critical cooling rate necessary to suppress the crystallization process. The deposition under high volume fraction of already fully solidified particles fraction observed in the peripheral area of the atomization cone was not enough to guarantee the formation of bulk amorphous parts which has been confirmed in the peripheral area with 0.5 mm in thickness of the deposit, where the formation of amorphous phase reached only 10.6%. Considering that the literature reported 1,5 mm thick fully amorphous sample, here, as in the case of powders, the heterogeneous nucleation has been present. The production of deposit with high amount of amorphous structure needs a spray forming equipment capable of a high ratio G/M and that the whole process can be performed under controlled inert atmosphere.
Síntese de nanocristais coloidais de TiO2 via método solvotermal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-07)
Mambrini, Giovanni Pimenta
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7723027354150918
This work presents a systematic study about preparing titanium oxide nanoparticles by solvothermal method. TiO2 is a much studied material because its applications in areas like catalysis, sensors, energy conversion devices, and others. It is speculated that all this technologies can be promoted by using nanostructured oxide. In order to confirm this, it is necessary to develop synthetic routes that allow preparing the desired material with controlled size and shapes. The methodology utilized in this research work consists in dissolve titanium isopropoxide in a phenyl ether and oleic acid mixture. After the complete dissolution, a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution is fast injected in the medium. Then, the resulting suspension is heated at 120oC and maintained by time intervals between 12 and 192 hours. It was analyzed the influence of Lewis bases addition at the reaction medium, using chloride, nitrate and sulfate in these experiments. The influence of different surfactants on the oxide properties was analized too. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scanning-transmission electron microscopy. It was verified that the addition of a Lewis bases is a key rule to obtain crystalline TiO2 by the proposed route. This could be observed by the addition of simple bases as well as by addition of basic surfactants. The synthesis methodology developed in this work allows the synthesis of nanostructured materials with narrow size distribution, with diameters between 7 and 4 nm and standard deviation of about 1 nm. It was observed that the materials have a hydrophobic character; this was attributed to the presence of surfactants bounded to the particles surface. Infrared spectroscopy allowed that confirmation. In summary, it was developed a synthetic methodology of TiO2 colloidal nanocrystals that allows a good control of the final material characteristics.
Educação infantil : análise da manifestação social do preconceito na atividade principal de jogos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-08)
Piccolo, Gustavo Martins
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Mello, Maria Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0512045942434827
This search went on the presuposed of the existence of social relations prejudice manifest by pre-school children of 5 and 6 years during the practice of its main activity, the children s play and games protagonized. Starting from this pressuposed, the general aim of this research was to raise indicative of demonstrations prejudiced by pre-school children of 5 and 6 years, in practice its main activity, and explicit as possible mediations established by teachers, by activity and by the colleagues to exerce interfered in the kind of interference assumed social relationship between peers. The study characterized as quality, orienting itself by assumptions of historical materialism, in view Historical-Cultural of Vygotsky. Data collection was developed in a pre-school in the state of Sao Paulo, using as methodological tools filming, comments and annotations in the field daily on the practice of recreational activities for children of 5 and 6 years, with the focus analytical the explanation of how they, because of the complex set of mediations by this activity, by colleagues or by teachers, take them to stereotyped knowledge that pejoratively label a difference, make patent in the construction of man construct in hierarchical designs and homogeneous. The results of the filming were divided into four categories: mediation, prejudice of a gender, prejudice of race and prejudice of beauty, and pointed to the existence of manifestations prejudiced based these categories during the pre-school recreational activities, and emphasize the importance exercised mediation by the teacher in criticize of these attitudes. This study used a distinction between the terms pre-concept and prejudice, as the first, based on Heller, represents an initial step in making the knowledge of any socially constructed phenomenon, while the second is defined not only as a construct without further consideration of that the facts are, but as a set of elements that oppress and discriminate pejoratively the difference, whether conscious or unconscious. Thus, the prejudice is composed of multiple grades. The data obtained in research support this distinction. Because of this, to conjecture the development cycle of prejudice, which can be divided into three stages: the difference pejorative labeling (1 Stage); breakdown of the difference (2 Stage), and maintenance of discriminatory attitudes even when there is awareness of the facts that contradict, namely the crystallization of prejudice (3 Stage). In pre-school, with rare exceptions, the manifestations prejudiced materializated in the first two phases, noting there is not the crystallization of prejudices, which gives importance the core mediations made by teaching in the architecture of social relations and more fraternal solidarity. Through these relationships are the children understand the difference not as inequality, but as the expression of humanity historic contained in the most diverse cultures, societies and human beings. The search ends highlighting the need for studies to investigate as appropriate children of prejudice from an early age, basic element for the establishment of a radical criticism about the processes by which exclusionary are involved several students in a present time.
Estudo comparativo de precursores da PpIX (ALA e MAL) utilizados topicamente em terapia fotodinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-08)
Rego, Raquel Ferreira
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2622028338048884
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modality for treatment of tumors, and uses a combination of a drug (photosensitizer) and light in the presence of the molecular oxygen to selectively damage target tissue. In the absent of one of these components, the cytotoxic effect is not observed. Since 1990, many works in the literature studies the topical application of precursors of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in PDT, such 5- aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL). The purpose of this work was realized an comparative study in vivo between two commercial and available drugs precursors of PpIX, the ALAsense (5-aminolevulinic acid - ALA) from Russian and Metvix (methyl aminolevulinate MAL) from United Kingdom. Experiments were carried out in animals to analyze the performance and the ALA photodynamic MAL in liver of rats. The fluorescence spectra of the liver were collected at pre-determined time. The time of accumulation of PpIX was observed by 2 hours and 45 minutes for the ALA and MAL for 4 hours after application of drugs in the liver. The formation, accumulation and depth of penetration of PpIX in liver tissue were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Using a total of 21 animals were the irradiation of the liver fotossensibilizado with ALA or MAL alone with different doses of light (20, 50, 100 and 200J/cm2) or in a combination MAL + ALA to 8%, 16% and 32 dose of 100J/cm2. Thirty hours after the lighting, the animals were killed and livers removed. The area of necrosis of the liver was assessed macroscopically and the samples were prepared for histological study, considering especially the aspects and depth of necrosis. In histological analysis were carried out many aspects of necrosis and the normal liver. The depths of necrosis were measured and the threshold dose obtained using a mathematical model proposed in the literature. Moreover, the monitoring was carried out of O2 consumption of mitochondria isolated from livers of rats, after topical administration of drugs precursors of PpIX (ALA and MAL) in order to check the influence of these substances in mitochondrial bioenergetics. The results showed a higher penetration of MAL in the tissue, as well as greater depth of necrosis when compared to the ALA. These results suggest that MAL has a tendency to better photodynamic response than ALA to the criteria studied.
A Reação de Diels - Alder de p-benzoquinonas sob efeito de microondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-08)
Donatoni, Maria Carolina
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Brocksom, Timothy John
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7055452150201902
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5504713069431253
In this work it was done a study of the microwave effect on Diels - Alder reaction of the p-benzoquinones thymoquinone (A1), 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone (A2) and 2,6-dimethyl-pbenzoquinone (A3) with the dienes cyclopentadiene (BB1), 2,3-dimethyl-1,3- butadiene (B2B ), isoprene (BB3) and trans-pyperilene (B4B ) (Figure Ι). These reactions were also held under conventional thermal conditions and catalysis with the Lewis acid SnCl4 in order to make a comparison of the results. It was also studied the Diels - Alder reaction in multicomponent version between thymoquinone (A1), trans-2-pentenal and acetamide under microwave effect (Figure ΙΙ). (FORMULA)Regarding the Diels - Alder reaction between p-benzoquinones (A1 - A3) and dienes (BB1 - B4B ) it was observed a reduction of the reaction time, obtaining higher yields and less formation of by - products, all in comparison with the results of the same reactions performed under thermal conventional condition and catalytic condition with SnCl4. This work also involved the study of the microwave effect on Diels - Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene (BB1) and mono-oximes dienophiles C1, C2 and C3 (Figure ΙΙΙ). These reactions had already been carried out in our laboratory, but under conventional thermal and catalytic conditions (Lewis acids). Under such conditions, the mono-oxime starting material was recovered, or a complex mixture of polymerization products was formed. (FORMULA)The reactions of compounds C1, C2 and C3 with cyclopentadiene (BB1) under microwave effect showed similar results with those that were obtained when these reactions were carried out under conventional thermal and catalytic conditions, thus leading to recovery of the mono-oxime starting material or a complex mixture of products which could not be identified.
Estudo sistemático das propriedades estruturais e magnéticas de amostras policristalinas do sistema PrxY1-xBa2Cu3O7-d
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-10)
Romano, Cecilia Stari
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5827409499267811
One of the most studied high TC superconductor is the YBa2Cu3O7 (Y-123) as well as the different substitutions on the Y site for different rare earth elements. Generally, this does not show important effects on the magnetic and superconducting properties. One exception to this behavior is the partial or total substitution of Y for Pr (PrxY1-xBa2Cu3O7 PrY-123) for which critical temperature diminishes and superconductivity is quenched for a certain value of x. However, the mechanism responsible for this suppression is not understood yet existing in the literature a great controversy about it. Moreover, in the last decade, superconductivity in Pr-123 samples has been reported for some authors where the method of syntheses appears to be responsible for the formation, or not, of the superconducting phase. These results opening still more the discussion of this topic. While for some authors o Pr-123 is an intrinsic non superconductor, for others is the method of syntheses that influences significantly in the formation of the probable superconducting phase. In this thesis we present a systematic study on the influence of synthesis conditions in the superconducting properties of polycrystalline samples of PrY-123. For this study, bulk polycrystalline samples were prepared by following a chemical route based in a modified polymeric precursor method. This method is recognized to produce very homogeneous samples reducing the presence of secondary phases, in comparison with the traditional method of solidstate reaction. Also, an essential part of this work was study how internal atmosphere using during both calcination and sinterization is influencing on the final properties of the samples. For study this we used oxygen and argon atmosphere. The phase purity and the structural characteristics of our samples were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We have measured the temperature dependence of both DC and AC magnetic susceptibility for the study of the superconductor properties and I ×V curves. The results indicated that for samples synthesized on argon atmosphere, the whole YPr- 123 family, including pure Pr-123, is superconductor in temperatures between of about 90 K. We also found that the superconducting transition temperature increase in samples prepared in argon respect to the samples prepared in oxygen (for the same Pr composition), when Pr concentration is less than 0.5. At the end of this work, through the results attained on the master work of Leonélio Cichetto Júnior (belonging to the same research group), we verified that YPr-123 singlecrystalline samples obeyed the same Physics that we describe for polycrystalline samples. Therefore, we can affirm that the existence of superconductivity for all the family YPr-123 is intrinsically associated to, and only to, syntheses conditions (calcination and sinterization). Both results (for polycrystalline and for single-crystals samples) demonstrate that theories for explain the Pr-123 non superconducting must be revised.
Ser caiçara em Ilhabela: as construções de identidade nas tensões entre o passado e o presente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-11)
Campos, Silmara Elena Alves de
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Gonçalves Junior, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7824385449132217
This survey was conducted with caiçaras of Ilhabela, a city-archipelago located in the northern coast of the State of São Paulo - Brazil. This social group is understood as part of social, economic, cultural and historical relations, which allows them to take ownership, learn and interpret the values and behaviors related to their own time and place. The question of this research study was: "What teaches the caiçara being caiçara in Ilhabela? The central objective was to understand the processes involved in educational development of the caiçara , taking into account its routine (ways to live, work, play , movie, teach and learn). The methodology used was phenomenological inspiration, and methodological procedures as daily field (16 descriptions) and interviews (13 descriptions). From the interviews transcription and subsequent analysis, 4 categories were established: "The caiçara world attacked"; "Being Caiçara ", "Resistance", "Recovering the caiçara culture" which allowed the completion of construction of combining results interviews with the field notes. In the considerations, it can be highlighted that despite the aggression and educational processes imposed to the caiçara world, these generate reactions contrary to them, such as those described by educational processes pertaining the fight for freedom, for a better world, in actions of solidarity, cooperation, resistance. We emphasize that at all times, it has been tried to impose to the caiçara people a pattern of language, social behavior, habits and customs, which will disrupt their way of life and that there, so there is a need for a political project that valorize the caiçara knowledge, the respect for diversity, ethical attitude, sustainable environmental responsibility and therefore humanitarian. Furthermore, we believe that the identity is not static, it is being-with-the-other-to-the-world.
Efeito do decanoato de nandrolona associado ao exercício de carga na expressão do fator de crescimento de endotélio vascular (VEGF) no músculo sóleo de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-11)
Paschoal, Milena de Moura
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8452484361374652
Androgenic-anabolic steroids have been used both for performance improvement and aesthetic reasons. It is well know that high doses of AAS can raise serious adverse effects such as skeletal muscle injuries including increase in the rate of muscle strains/ruptures. The aim of this study was to investigate VEGF mRNA expression in the rat soleus muscle after jumping training associated with androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) administration. Wistar rats were grouped into: sedentary (S); trained without AAS (T); nandrolone decanoate (ND)-treated sedentary (AAS); and trained with AAS (AAST). The trained groups have carried out jumps in water at 32°C.: 4 series of 10 jumps each, with a 30-second interval among series, for 7 weeks, with 50- 80% overload of the animal corporal mass. The AAS (Decadurabolin® - 5mg/kg) was injected via subcutaneous in animal back twice a week. Real-time PCR analyses have shown that training significantly increased VEGF mRNA expression in comparison with the S, AAS groups. When training exercise was associated with nandrolone decanoate, the VEGF mRNA expression was inhibit compared with T group. The inhibited expression of VEGF by AAS administration could cause diminished angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that the AAS may be strongly prejudicial to muscle remodeling and performance.
Os agentes indígenas de saúde do Alto Xingu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-12)
Novo, Marina Pereira
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Cardoso, Marina Denise
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6756345089486258
In the context of restructuring the indigenous health policies over the last 20 years in Brazil, and the consequent creation of the Special Sanitary Indigenous Districts since 1999, the Indigenous Health Agents appear as central elements of this new model for indigenous health attention, since they are understood as possible links or translators between the traditional systems and the official biomedicine. Considering this context, my intention was, through the presentation of ethnographic data about the formation process and the performance of the Indigenous Health Agents at the Upper Xingu, to question the role attributed to them, as well as the model of differentiated attention where this role was proposed. Exactly because they occupy a border position between different medicaltherapeutic systems, the agents performances are involved in several ambiguities and conflicts, which result from the imprecise definition of their functions, as well as from the effective existing conditions for their acting in the spaces attributed to them. I intend to show that the Indigenous Health Agents have their role redefined twice: by the non-indigenous professionals who think of them as transmitters of the biomedical knowledge to the attended populations as well as by the indigenous themselves, who see them as sources of goods and services from national society, in the general context of the political appropriation of this role and its acting spaces by the upper-xinguanos and local leaders themselves.
Cálculo e detalhamento prático de pilares para edificações de pequeno e médio porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-12)
Miranda, Lucas Rodrigo
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Carvalho, Roberto Chust
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1325545379168027
Even the small buildinging column may have a buckled. It s denoted the difficulty to design and detail this type of element. So this work intends make a description and application of a several simplified process of presizing and column s design. The stability building procedures of the parameters a e γz are analyzed are applied to this kind of structure. Also it s detailing how the wind forces are important in the internal forces and how to consider it in the column s design. The reinforced and the wind force are calculate by using a free program obtains at the internet. Several examples are made considering a characteristic building with one, two, tree and four pavements showing how to analize the stability, the presizing and column s design and showing too the final results. All this samples are solved and compared with a professional program and the it show that all results are too close. Finally a lot of commentary how to design the columns are made to aided engineers to make a good column s design for small and medium buildinging.
O erro corrigível e a ilusão inevitável na Crítica da Razão Pura de Kant
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-13)
Dutra, Elias Sergio
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Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6964560647390588
The purpose of this work is to examine the problem of error and transcendental illusion in Kant s Critique of Pure Reason as two correlate, but sharply distinct aspects of his critique on dogmatic metaphysics. Following Kant s indications, we analyze his paradoxical doctrine that error is avoidable even if its positive source, transcendental illusion, is considered natural and inherent to human reason. Accordingly, we first analyze the status of error as a property of judgments in general Kant s thesis is that error can be explained in terms of a double influence that, if unnoticed, deviates the judgment from truth: imagination and sensibility. Under each of these influences, the human understanding helds merely subjective for objective principles of knowledge, thereby attaining error instead of true cognition. Secondly, applying this general analysis of error to one specific case, we focus our analyze on the issue of transcendental illusion involved in the transcendental idea of God In this particular case, we try to show how the legitimate demand of reason for a complete explanation (underlying the concept of God as an ens realissimum) allows room for a dialectic illusion, which holds that this concept of reason for a necessarily real and existing being. Finally, we try to point out the positive contribution to metaphysics which arises from Kant s distinction between judgmental error and transcendental illusion.
Análise de estruturas de rede neocognitron para aplicação no reconhecimento facial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-13)
Santana, Cristiane Oliveira de
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Saito, José Hiroki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850109313490132
The present work consists in the use of the combination of neocognitron networks for the face recognition tasks integrating a system of face recognition, categorized as holistic method, by the fact of to approach all the face in the extration of the characteristics of the input image. The use of the face as biometric attribute in the recognition of individuous has grown mainly to its characteristic that dispense their cooperation for analysis. The great challenges in the area of face recognition are about the application in non-controlled environments in which the variation of illumination and pose can decrease the performance of the system. In order to work the challenges (variation of illumination and distortion in the patterns) it was used frontals images of CMU-PIE (University Carnegie Mellon - Pose, Illumination and Expression) database using the advantage of illumination and expression variations. The neural network model applied in the work is the neocognitron network that is capable to recognize patterns without its capacity of recognition been affected by deformations, changes in the size or position, of the input pattern. With the goal of to get the structure more adjusted of the neocognitron for the face recognition task, inside of a set of structures, it was analyzed some structures of neocognitron network with one output class and with different images resolutions. The best result corresponds to a recognition rate of 78% for a set with 30 classes with thirty and six patterns each one in the recognition phase. To improve the results it was applied combination of classifiers using: Decision Templates and the Modified Decision Templates method developed in this work. The performance of the classifiers was analyzed through the error estimation using the hold-out method and the Kappa coefficient. The final results pointed that the combination of classifiers applied to this model did not result in significant improvements due the inherent characteristics of the applied model.