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Desenvolvimento de métodos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência muldimensional para validação do uso do biorreator gliceraldeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase de Trypanosoma cruzi para triagem de inibidores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-27)
Moraes, Marcela Cristina de
;
Cass, Quezia Bezerra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4092328724086308
This work reports the quantification of NADH formed by an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) of T. cruzi using multidimensional high-performance liquid chromatography. For this, The IMER was used in the first dimension while an analytical C8 column was used in the second dimension. The conditions of the pre-treatment of the fused silica capillary tubes and the covalent immobilization of the enzyme into the capillary were successfully optimized, resulting in increased enzymatic activity and stability. Kinetic studies for the T. cruzi GAPDH-IMER were carried out to verify the influence of the immobilization over the enzyme affinity for the substrate and cofactor. The kinetic results for the IMERs of human and parasite GAPDH enzymes were compared to those obtained with the enzymes in solution, and showed that the covalent immobilization method used affected mainly the affinity of the human enzyme for the substrate. The human and parasite GAPDH-IMERs were employed for the ligand screening. The ligands recognized by the IMERs were the same identified by the enzymes in solution, showing that the immobilized enzymes kept the ability of recognizing the activity compounds modulators. The IMERs demonstrated to be a useful tool also for inhibitors binding reversibility characterization. In view of the high costs and difficulties involved on enzyme purification, the methods described in this work represents a valuable way of preserving enzyme activity and carrying out a variety of biochemical experiments.
As questões ambientais nos livros didáticos de diferentes disciplinas da quinta-série do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-27)
Marpica, Natália Salan
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Logarezzi, Amadeu José Montagnini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6153358744019882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0526989614875576
The National Curriculum Parameters and Law 9.795 issued in 1999, which institutes a national policy covering environmental education, define that the environmental education should not be a school discipline but should be incorporated by all the existing ones. Aiming to check the way in which the orientation of the transversality is subsidized so that it can be concretized in the schools, this work uses the didactic books of different educational disciplines to understand how the multidisciplinar set of a same class approaches the environmental issues. The didactic books represent a huge investment on behalf of the Federal Government, who in turn analyzes, approves and purchases them for further forwarding to schools. As from this context the objective of the present survey is to understand how the knowledge, ethic and esthetic values as well as the political participation, covering the environmental issues, are approached in the didactic books of different school disciplines, resulting in contribution for an objective and critical usage of the school book as an environmental educational instrument. The survey was directed by the critical conception of the environmental education as it is understood that, when designing a fundamental role to the political dimension and educative práxis, it becomes more coherent with the search for transformation of the social-environmental reality. The methodology used was a qualitative textual analysis. As corpus of the analysis, didactic books were adopted; these books were purchased by SEE/SP covering each educational disciplines for the fifth year of the low school for the year of 2005. As analysis units, texts and chapters of the books that covered or should cover the environmental issues were used, and then these were unbuilt under the direction of a schedule, prepared based on elements that we consider essential for the educative work oriented to the environment, that includes handling of knowledge dimensions, of the ethic and esthetic values and political participation, which were subdivided in 21 parameters additionally specific. The analysis classifications were built a priori and based on existing trends in the educational field, as related to incorporation of the environmental thematic, as follows: silent, conservative, pragmatic and critical. Totally, 52 analysis units were selected distributed among the mathematics books, Portuguese language, sciences, history and geography. In general, most of them contemplated the environmental issue, however in a limited manner as the silent trend predominated in the three dimensions. In several parameters we were able to identify the presence of other trends, however, without a regularity in the approach, and this is assumed that there is no theoretical referential that subsidize the environmental discussions in the didactic books and that there is no concrete objective, on behalf of the state and of the didactic books, to transform the conditions of the social oppression and environmental degradation. The contradiction of the Brazilian state during this year is not founded only by the acquisition of material that does not company with the PCNs and Law 9.795, but for not considering them in formulation of other educational policies such as the PNLD, that does not cover the transversal themes in its assessment process. Thus, in its current materiality, the potential of the educational books, while a critical environmental educational instrument, is limited to the insertion of the theme in classrooms, and which should be deepened and enhanced by the school teachers.
Tarefas exploratório-investigativas para o ensino de álgebra na 6ª série do ensino fundamental : indícios de formação e desenvolvimento da linguagem e do pensamento algébricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-27)
Dechen, Tatiane
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Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1995694016577791
The following research, qualitative in nature, originated with the practice of teacher researcher, the challenges encountered in teaching algebra and studies undertaken in respect of investigations mathematical as a methodology potentially motivating and positive results in relation to the development of language and the algebraic thinking. With the main objective of identifying evidence of formation and development of language and algebraic thinking of students who are starting to learn this subject, were the dynamics and communications that occurred in the development of exploratory-investigative tasks into two classes of 6th grade of Education Essential in a private school in the city of Americana - SP. The research was done in partnership with a teacher, who has teaching experience, had already researched and worked with exploratory-investigative activities. Researcher and teacher partner built the tasks undertaken during the investigation with the cooperation of the participants in the Collaborative Group for Research in Mathematics Education (GCEEM), of which both are members. Given the data of the search, a second goal was set: to identify some strengths and limits the use of exploratoryinvestigative tasks in the current educational context. With the focus on the dynamics of the classroom, in the statement provided by exploratory-investigative tasks and the teaching of algebra, it was possible to analyze further the first task, in which students had to explore a situation and analyze a regular basis. In exchanges of ideas among students, with the teacher and the records made during the development of the task, it was possible to identify the signs of formation and development of language and algebraic thinking. The data were collected and analyzed, according to various benchmarks theoretical research on mathematics, communication and teaching of algebra. To build the analysis of the goals outlined, first trying to identify and analyze the communications of the students and teacher at both the oral and written, during the completion of the task. Data were grouped into three blocs: (1) The movement of classroom research and evidence of language and algebraic thinking. (2) The movement of the classroom that led to conflicts and difficulties. (3) The conflict between the thought and language. During the review it was noted that the difficulties encountered by students originated in the absence of concepts - particularly that of variable - and the different language used by the teacher. It was possible to see that students, even with the thought arithmetic, were induced to use symbolic language - used by the teacher - without first developing the concepts needed. We could still see some limits within the educational context, such as the time required to give meaning to the concepts. By identifying the evidence, it became clear that students need to feel that to use the algebra symbolic is necessary- think scientifically - to solve problems, in another words, to be encouraged so that the algebra has meaning.
Dos sindicatos ao governo: a organização nacional do PT de 1980 a 2005
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-27)
Ribeiro, Pedro José Floriano
;
Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de
The thesis main goal was to test the partial applicability of the cartel party model (Katz and Mair), to understand the transformations in the national structure of the Workers Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores PT) between 1980 and 2005. The main hypotheses of the research derive directly from two of the three defining elements of such model. The secondary purpose was to build a general vision of the party organization during the period, focused on institutional changes, emphasizing motivations, strategies and conflicts associated to such changes. Two analytical dimensions were utilized: the functional and the organizational. On the functional dimension we detected that, during 25 years, the petista organization established a solid relationship with the state, and an estrangement from civil society. Such state links became essential for the party survival. The new situation affected the balance of power inside the party. On the organizational dimension, we observe a strengthening and greater autonomy of the party in public office , even capable to dominate the party in central office . On the other hand, the strategies of hegemonic party faction (Articulação/Campo Majoritário) shattered the intra-party democracy, increasing the importance and autonomy of the party in central office , while the party membership became less significant. The Michels iron law of oligarchy was corroborated: the Workers Party of Brazil could not escape from your oligarchization. If the party in public office and party leadership win with this new balance of power, there is only one looser: the party membership.
Aspectos da germinação de sementes, da emergência de plântulas e da morfologia dos frutos e sementes de Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) O. Berg (myrtaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-27)
Periotto, Fernando
;
Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
Campomanesia pubescens (D.C.) O. Berg., found in Minas Gerais, Goias and the Espirito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul, is a fruitful Myrtaceae whose gender has 25 species distributed from Mexico to Argentina and 15 of them natives of Brazil. Their seeds need of technical and scientific studies that could clarify their ecological characteristics, morphological and physiological, thus contributing to a better understanding. To this end, the objective of this study was to investigate aspects of the germination of seeds, seedlings, the emergence and the basic morphology of seeds of this species under different conditions in the laboratory and in a greenhouse. Their seeds have dimensions between 4.5 to 7.5 mm in length and 2.8 to 6.5 mm wide, the larvae infestation reached 8.92% of the fruits collected, the average number of seeds per fruit were extracted 6 And it was these seeds 38.45% and 61.55% empty seed floods. The water content found in its seeds was 53.5%, and in the curve of soaking, the protruding root occurred at 144 days, when the initial value was increased by 18.4% to mass on the mass of matter fresh start. It was observed that the final percentage and speed emergency seedlings was promoted significantly in substrates: coconut fiber / vermiculite (2:1) and vermiculite. In seedlings, the coconut fiber substrates / vermiculite (2:1), sand and vermiculite provided superior results to their lengths, as opposed to those that grew on the substrate of coconut fiber, which have significantly smaller lengths. Regarding the number of leaves per plant, there was no significant difference found between those who grew up in four different substrates. After 120 days of sowing, vermiculite, coconut fibre / vermiculite (2:1) and coconut fibre the percentage of 100% survival of seedlings as the substrate sand because his physical resistance offered to the emergence of seedlings, caused the loss of paracotilédones thus reducing the survival end to 90%. Looking at the mass of dry seedlings, roots, stems and leaves growing in coconut fiber substrates / vermiculite (2:1), vermiculite and sand had earned significantly higher in dry matter, with the weight of dry matter roots was higher against the portions of the air in all substrates studied: (0.12 g) greater weight of dry matter of roots, (0.02 grams) of the largest mass of stems and dry (0.03 g) greater weight of dry matter of leaves, consecutively, in seedlings that are developed in substrates vermiculite and sand. The germination (%) was significantly damaged at 40oC and water stress. When dried, fermented for 24 hours or for 4 days, 100% of the seed tested completely lost the ability germination. The results were as conductivity of the average value of 13.7 μ S.cm- 1.g-1 the rapid ageing significantly disrupted the proceedings of the seed germination.
Práticas educativas familiares em meios favorecidos e vida acadêmica: o caso de uma escola da rede particular de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-28)
Ferraz, Wendel Renato
;
Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0322729900035286
The current paper analyzes the configuration of familiar educational practices in favorable environment related to the academic life of the offspring. The research which has a qualitative character was taken place through a study case involving families of a private educational institution in the city of Limeira in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The main purpose is to identify which family practices can be transformed in cultural capital and analyze through those practices the familiar ethos subsequent to them. Regarding the studies in this field for the last few years, it could be verified the need for increasing in researches which take into consideration the Brazilian reality, its socio-economic context and the new family that is shaped according to recent demographic data. The results point to influences of the cultural capital and familiar ethos of families in social network with higher involvement in the academic life of the offspring and strategies to deal with the school difficulties of the children. The profile and the familiar practices also indicate the conversion of economic and cultural capital. This way, the study intends to supply with new contributions and strategies of following the study time and the educational institution chosen by the families, as well as give subsides to schools which seek an improvement of their relationship with the families and to elaborate educational propositions not only with higher quality but also adequate to their costumers needs. It was reported that the cultural capital of the families, if placed in conditions to allow its transmission and also allied to academic expectations, operates good influence in the academic life of the children, and can be showed in a favorable academic trajectory.
Avaliação de formas de preparação de estoques de trabalho na preservação de Streptomyces clavuligerus visando a produção de ácido clavulânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-28)
Andrade, Luana Martins de
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5478116068552992
A great deal of microbiological and genetic research in the pharmaceutical industry is directed towards the development of effective strategies in the handling of microorganisms seeking the production of antibiotics that already known. In the process of obtaining clavulanic acid (CA) from Streptomyces clavuligerus, it is necessary to implement a system of strain conservation to maintain the capacity of microorganisms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test different preservation strategies of spores and vegetative cells of S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064 in order to ensure optimum conditions for the production of CA. Eight sets of vegetative cells stored in cryotubes were prepared, and they were evaluated for 12 months according to the number of growth stages (one or two 24-hour stages), the influence of the mycelium washing stage (washed or not), and the concentration of the cryoprotective agents (glycerol 10 or 20% v/v). Two sets of spores stored in cryotubes were also evaluated according to the concentration of cryoprotective agents. All cultures were performed in a rotating table incubator using the culture medium ISP1 for reactivation and complex medium for the production of CA. Morphology, cell growth, and the production of CA were evaluated in all cultures. The major findings were that the conservation of spores with 10% glycerol (E-10) allowed a more viable condition that the E-20 during the 360 days of storage, and the loss of CA production after 360 days was 18% but the condition E-20 was 50%. CL1-20 and CL2-20 were the best preservation conditions (more stable) for vegetative cells stored in cryotubes. Regarding the production of CA obtained, the maximum value was 1300 mg.L-1 at 144 h in the CNL 2-20 preservation condition.
Análise estrutural de edificações de pequeno porte: estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-28)
Pinheiro, Marco Antônio
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Figueiredo Filho, Jasson Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0732866094426766
The beams, pillars and slabs, are basic structural elements which compose the superstructure of the vast majority of buildings, including those of small size, which account for approximately 90% of them. There is a lacuna in the technical publications that address the structure of these buildings with numerical examples, analysis of the results, comments and general recommendations. The structures are differentiated according to their complexity. The modeling and analysis of a structure seeking their behavior closest to the real, even for simple structures are often complex and difficult. By the constant evolution of computer programs, each day it is getting a greater approximation of the real behavior of the structures. For the same structure it can be taken several structural models, resulting in different consumption of materials. This paper deals with the calculation of the superstructure of a two-story house usually composed by prefabricated slabs, rectangular beams and rectangular pillars which are presented through a general theoretical introduction with the main prescriptions of NBR 6118: 2003 and NBR 14859-1 (prefabricated slab requirements Part 1: unidirectional slabs) and the main recommendations of the Recommended Practice Ibracon for structures of small size. Through numerical examples with variations in the shape of the superstructure on the basis of two types of masonry adopted, this elements are calculated using the software for structural calculation, taking into account the calculation by tridimensional portico and grillage analogy. Important aspects of the structural point of view are presented. The results were analysed and compared also general comments and recommendation are presented.
Análise de imagens tomográficas da Ciência do Solo em ambiente de realidade virtual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-28)
Botega, Leonardo Castro
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Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6027755717265622
This work presents a Virtual Reality environment dedicated to the analysis of tomographic images of Soil Science. Its architecture uses models proceeding from a volumetric (3-D) reconstruction algorithm, summed with several graphics processes of manipulation and visualization, in a way to provide immersion and interaction of the user with the virtual scene. Its validation was performed based on a case study involving the analysis of the porosity of the agricultural soil samples, which presents preferential paths for the water and solute flow (fingering). Results illustrate the consistent verification of the preferential paths of the agricultural soil samples, analyzed based on the developed environment.
Atividade alelopática de espécies do cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-28)
Gatti, Ana Beatriz
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1206711341310732
Efeitos do cloreto mercúrico sobre o tecido ósseo de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29)
Ferreira, José Aparecido
;
Nonaka, Keico Okino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8900057907339808
The mercury is used in the industry, medicine, agriculture and other fields. However, little is known about its involvement with the bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, biochemical and biomechanical bone parameters in adult rats contaminated with mercuric chloride during the development phase. The animals were separated as control group: 10 male rats treated with saline 0.9% (0,1 ml/100g BW) and contaminated group: 8 male rats treated with mercuric chloride (2.5 mg/Kg BW). The animals were treated during 60 days, 5 days/week, by stomacal gavage. The body weight, femoral length and diaphysis thickness were measured. The mechanical properties (maximum and failure forces, stiffness and yield) of femurs were evaluated by the three-point bending test using the universal machine Instron model 4444. The bone volume was estimated by the Archimedes Principle. The wet and ash weight were also determined. The body weight, length and minor diameter of the femurs were not different between the groups; however the major diameter increased in contaminated group (p=0.0002). It was observed an increase (p=0.0044) of bone volume and a decrease of the bone mineral density (p=0.0009) and of the percentage of mineral material (p=0.0001) of the femurs of the contaminated group. The bone response to biomechanical test was similar in both groups. The rat contamination with mercuric chloride in the dose of 2.5 mg/Kg BW caused small alteration in the development of bones, as observed by the biometrical and biophysical parameters analyzed. However these alterations were not enough to induce modification of the biomechanical and biochemical parameters.
Gerenciamento de projetos em uma empresa de bens de capital : uma comparação entre os procedimentos utilizados e o método da corrente crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29)
Campanini, Luciano
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Pereira, Neocles Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
The approach of this study relates to the method of project management originated of the Theory of Constraints called Critical Chain. Beyond of the bibliographical revision on research methodology, production systems, project management, simulation of systems, Theory of Constraints and Critical Chain, a case study was accomplished to compare two methods of project management in a company of Industrial Goods. This company works with projects under order and it uses the Critical Path Method (CPM) to make your projects management. To compare the two methods of project management, historical information on the current management method adopted by the company had been collected, and for the method of Critical Chain some simulations had been done. Through these simulations it was possible to compare the compliments of the finish dates and the lead-time of projects to each one of the management methods. The results indicate for a better execution of finish dates when the method of the Critical Chain is used in the project management.
Habitat, morfologia branquial e osmorregulação das arraias de água doce da bacia amazônica (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29)
Duncan, Wallice Luiz Paxiuba
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
The relationship between functional morphology of the gills, osmoregulatory physiology, and habitats of the freshwater stingrays (family Potamotrygonidae) was investigated. Potamotrygonid gills have a rather unique external and internal anatomy and organization compared with other marine and/or euryhaline rays. The filaments on the hemibranchs are usually longer and numerous in the second arch. A protuberance was observed on the leading edge of the filaments. The epithelium that covers the gill filaments and lamellae is composed primarily of pavement cells (PVCs), mucous cells (MCs) and chloride cells (CCs). The PVCs showed PAS-positive reactivity. In addition, studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that PVCs possess subapical secretory granules or vesicles that contain mucous material. Large mucous cells were observed with Alcian blue and PAS reaction suggesting the presence of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides, respectively. Particular attention was focused on the chloride cells. Na+/K+ -ATPase-rich cells (chloride cell, CC-NKA) were frequently found on the trailing edge and in the interlamellar spaces. They were also found on the lamellae, although generally towards the base. The number of CC-NKA and Na+/K+ -ATPase activity were greatest in arch IV compared with the other branchial arches. The basolateral membrane of the chloride cell does has moderate infoldings, and they are likely the site of Na+/K+ -ATPase activity. A surprising result was observed in Potamotrygon sp., in which chloride cells were arranged in large groups in the interlamellar region, not observed in other potamotrygonid species. This multicellular complex of chloride cell is certainly unusual, and may provide a micro-environment suitable to ion uptake from the acidic and ion-poor water of the Rio Negro basin. Potamotrygonid stingrays exhibit typical teleostean body fluid chemistry. These results were analyzed based on the organism-environment interaction. Amazonian rivers, such as Rio Amazonas, Rio Negro, and Rio Tapajós are spatially heterogeneous in their physical and chemical features. In this regard, it is apparent that some distribution patterns of the family Potamotrygonidae may be related to the type of water (e.g white, black and clearwater). The hydrographic barrier hypothesis was tested in Potamotrygon sp. In this ray, plasma [Na+], [Cl-], osmolality and kidney Na+/K+ -ATPase activity decreased after acclimatization to water of the Rio Branco compared to Rio Negro-acclimatized animals. These findings suggest that whitewater-associated changes on the ion and plasma osmolality are due to reduction in the renal Na+/K+ -ATPase activity resulting in an ion loss to the environment. In our biogeographic scenario, some water types may act as an expressive hydrographic barrier for the isolation of endemic potamotrygonid species. On the other hand, Paratrygon aiereba, a widespread stingray that lives in white, clear and blackwaters in the Amazon basin exhibited some physiological differences related to the aquatic environment. Plasma osmolality, urea and ion concentration were higher in whitewater, as compared to blackwater rays. This fact may be explained as an example of phenotypic plasticity, usually expressed in aquatic animals in environments with different aquatic compositions.
Zoneamento ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do médio Mogi-Guaçu superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29)
Moschini, Luiz Eduardo
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2728357583462262
The sustainable management of the ecosystems became an indispensable tool for the conservation and use of the natural resources and for the human well-being. The watershed river as a landscape unit presents a space arrangement of different types of natural ecosystems and of differentiated land uses that can result in risks or threats to the integrity and the ecological sustainability of the environmental systems. The landscape dynamics of a watershed river is related to the knowledge of the modifications of the land uses and of their relationships with physical, biological, socioeconomic and political factors, and represents also an essential condition in the strategies definition for the environmental planning. This work intends the Environmental Zoning of Medium Mogi-Guaçu River Watershed proposition in the perspective to a environmental diagnose occupation conditions due to the local development actions, along the time, providing subsidies for the environmental mangement and planning in the perspective of the ecological sustainability. The characterization and analysis of the watershed landscape structure and of the municipal districts that integrate the landscape unit, as well as the conceptual proposal of environmental zoning was elaborated using a System of Geographical Information (SIGs), in way to organize a georeferenced database that make possible the administration and analysis of the integrated data. For the classification and identification of the land uses and occupation were used LandSat 5-TM bands (3,4 and 5) images, dated of July of 1984, August of 1990, June of 2000 and August of 2007; planialtimetric maps (1:50.000); geology and soil maps, besides sócio-economic data. Thematic letters related to the following landscape structural elements were elaborated: Road net, pedology, hipsometriy, hydrography, land cover and land use and occupation, Index of Urbanity, Index of Environmental Quality and a conceptual Permanent Preservation Area, with base in GIS (Idrisi V.15 and MapInfo8.5). With the LandSat images classification was possible to obtain the land use dynamics in a period of 23 years (1984 to 2007), as well as identified the watershed land use condition and occupation for 2007. The results demonstrate that local landscape was loosing the naturalness in function of agriculture and urbanization processes. The remaining fragments of natural vegetation related to different types of land cover, evidence a landscape scenery quite fragmented because of agricultural expansion and of the development regional. These results allowed the elaboration of a Environmental Zoning conceptual proposal for the watershed. Were proposed eight Zones involving special areas of interest for conservation, as well as management and conservation strategies for the flood plain of the medium Mogi-Guaçu river. The results evidence the need of an appropriate management of the productive current areas, as well as the management of agricultural and industrial expansion. They still evidence the need to promote dialogues and actions capable to establish a swinging among the support capacity of the natural systems in detriment to the maintenance of the global production of goods in the perspective of the watershed ecological sustainability.
A instituição da supervisão de ensino e a municipalização em Valinhos : tensões, conflitos e incertezas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29)
Macedo, Marina Quintanilha
;
Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328430571957395
This dissertation analyses the establishment of the educational supervision in Valinhos municipality, after the municipalization, presenting the tensions and conflicts that this process raised, made explicit by the lack of knowledge of the School Supervisor s hole, demonstrating the existence of a confrontation between a traditional and patrimonialist administrative organization, based on a system of values and beliefs and the new rational institutional structure proposed by the State, through the municipalization of the education. This study used the theory developed by Max Weber related to the role of the technical and substantive rationality in the constitution of the western capitalism and the Modern State. The concepts and categories concerning the administrative rationalism and the forms of organization and development of the administrative structure are fundamental to the development of this research. At this point, we are particularly interested in the development of the function and post of the supervisor and the concepts of patrimonialism and bureaucratic organization.
Educação infantil: aprendizagens de diretoras iniciantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29)
Mello, Marcia Maria de
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Mizukami, Maria da Graça Nicoletti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7417625425943227
The present study is a qualitative survey involving four preschool directors who are just starting their careers within the community school system. It intends to describe and analyze the acquisition of professional knowledge experienced by these four professionals as they commence their practical living in the school routine. The concept of career is herein understood as a continuous build-up process that spans the entire professional life of an individual. The data used in this survey originated from the analysis of official records, like legal documents and government acts, and from the answers that the directors provided to semi-scripted interviews. The study is based on the hypothesis that preschool directors undergo singular periods of dense and conflicting occurrences as they start their professional practice; in face of such challenges, they often base their decisions upon experiences they had previously, when they were teachers who either observed or were directly helped by experienced directors. The initial period of a director s career is therefore similar to the initial stages of a teacher s career. General aspects of this hypothesis are confirmed as the directors describe details of their path from the teaching context to the management context, especially the strategies they adopted in face of the management challenges. The guiding role played by the more experienced peers is strongly highlighted by all four subjects as being an essential element to that particular moment in their careers. Progress to a further stage in the career is achieved through the particularization of professional skills acquired while performing the managerial work; the perception of being a director is constructed as they find a personal and unique way to pursue their new professional path. Reports collected from the interviews revealed that office and paperwork are likely to take up most of a director s available time during the initial stages in the career, and may be an obstacle to the completion of pedagogic tasks. The way each subject will handle this difficulty is characterized by an individual bias, which will further determine a typical way of running the job. The absence of an institutional development plan was found to be a possible threat to running the pedagogic duties, and the streamlining of both administrative and pedagogic demands may be a valuable aid to career-beginning directors. The skills acquired during professional practice were found to be chiefly related to the managerial context: leadership, team working, conflict resolution, and decision making, among others. This work focuses on the process that eventually leads to the acquisition of such skills and hence to a level of stability in the career of a school director.
Precipitação do clavulanato de potássio a partir do ácido clavulânico presente no caldo de fermentação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29)
Hirata, Daniela Battaglia
;
Hokka, Carlos Osamu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5292381247624407
Clavulanic acid is a potent inhibitor of many β-lactamase enzymes producing bacteria, which attribute bacterial resistant against cephalosporins and penicillins. The combination of CA with amoxicillin is the most successful example, that clavulanic acid have the ability to enhance the effectives of β-lactam antibiotic, which was β-lactamase sensitive, allowing the use of amoxicillin in treatment of a lot of diseases. Clavulanic acid is obtained by a fermentation method from various microorganisms belonging to many Streptomyces strains such as Streptomyces clavuligerus. CA itself is an unstable hygroscopic oil which is not used for the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds, for this suitable salts are more appropriated. Among these compounds potassium clavulante is the most stable compound which is normally used for pharmaceutical preparations. In the present work a precipitation of potassium clavulanate starting from the clavulanic acid present in the fermentation broth (cultivated at DEQ-UFSCar) was proposed. Therefore were necessary preliminary studies such as the characterization, monitoramment, standardization of CA (Clavulin®) and improvement of the previously purification steps employed before precipitation step. The directly precipitation (R0) which occurred the reaction of CA with potassium 2-ethyl hexanoate resulting in the potassium clavulante and the precipitation with an intermediate step which occurred an previously reaction of CA with the t-octylamine (R1) allowing a formation of a amine salt of CA (stable intermediate) that afterward it was reacted with the potassium 2-ethyl hexanoate for the formation of potassium clavulanate (R2) were evaluated. The studied reactions were optimized through by response surface methodology (experimental design) in order to permit maximize the yield and to evaluate the stability of the potassium clavulanate precipitated. The results obtained were excellent and demonstrated that the reaction of precipitation employed is very appropriate to be used as the final stage of the process of AC purification from fermentation broth, allowing to obtain a raised yield of the potassium clavulanate associated to a high purity.
A formação superior em Direito na obra de Machado de Assis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29)
Calabresi, Luis Henrique de Freitas
;
Bittar, Marisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8316558470130733
Machado de Assis's literary production is closely related to the society of its time and can contribute greatly to the understanting of XIX century Brazil. In this dissertation we used the works of Machado de Assis in the field of History of Education. We analysed the higher education in law during XIX century though the novels Dom Casmurro and Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas. The choice of higher education in law justifies itself due to the predominance that this course achieved in that historical period. The choice of the Machado de Assis's novels mentioned above was due to the characteristics of its narrators, Dom Casmurro and Brás Cubas, as being law school graduates, and also because of several references to law studies throughout these works. We analyzed these novels as our primary sources, selecting excerpts related to our theme and comparing them with historical studies, law school studies and critical studies on Machado the Assis's works as well. We have found in Dom Casmurro and Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas several characteristics of the Brazilian higher education in law in the XIX century, such as its restricted access to the elites, the search for prestige and social differentiation in regard to the rest of the population; and the emphasis on a humanistic culture, disconnected from the practical world of work - done by the slaves -, which was also characterised by a highly sophisticated rhetoric an eloquence in its form, articulated in order to achieve ostentation, in spite of the fact that it was empty in terms of contents. The culture of the elites, in which the higher education in law played a central role, was not related to the progress of the country, but to the perpetuation of the these own groups opression.
Impactos cumulativos na avaliação de impactos ambientais: fundamentação, metodologia, legislação, análise de experiências e formas de abordagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29)
Oliveira, Valéria Regina Salla de
;
Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6248877371371288
Current subjects as the global heating, reduction in n the ozone layer and the loss of the biodiversity, among other, are resulted of centuries of human actions considered without importance by its low prompt significance and whose impacts had not been evaluated. Although the evaluation of environmental impacts - EIA the to have been instituted more than thirty years, its practical one more common it is in the project level and it is not common to evaluation of these impacts, called of cumulative impacts - IC. The need of the consideration of these impacts made a process that considered them to appear - the Cumulative Impact Assessment - CIA. CIA has been studied, practiced and argued at several countries, however in Brazil, its practice is not common. Although the legislation approaches the consideration of cumulative impacts, they don't know each other approaches and methodologies adapted for such analysis, nor as to consider IC in the process of environmental licensing. With base in this gap, this work had as aim to do a conceptual theoretical survey on cumulative impacts and its analysis process, identifying in the literature the conceptual framework, tools, methodologies, application forms and case studies. After the critical analysis of the data, it was traced a conceptual, theoretical and technical profile and presented as result proposed and recommendations for subsidy to a possible systematization of the procedures; aimed the application difficulties and adaptation needs so that the practice of AIC in Brazil is implanted, as well as in several countries.
Contribuições do programa de mentoria do portal dos professores-UFSCar : auto-estudo de uma professora iniciante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29)
Bueno, Adriana Helena
;
Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0968325874485148