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Dos sindicatos ao governo: a organização nacional do PT de 1980 a 2005
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-27) Ribeiro, Pedro José Floriano; Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de
The thesis main goal was to test the partial applicability of the cartel party model (Katz and Mair), to understand the transformations in the national structure of the Workers Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores PT) between 1980 and 2005. The main hypotheses of the research derive directly from two of the three defining elements of such model. The secondary purpose was to build a general vision of the party organization during the period, focused on institutional changes, emphasizing motivations, strategies and conflicts associated to such changes. Two analytical dimensions were utilized: the functional and the organizational. On the functional dimension we detected that, during 25 years, the petista organization established a solid relationship with the state, and an estrangement from civil society. Such state links became essential for the party survival. The new situation affected the balance of power inside the party. On the organizational dimension, we observe a strengthening and greater autonomy of the party in public office , even capable to dominate the party in central office . On the other hand, the strategies of hegemonic party faction (Articulação/Campo Majoritário) shattered the intra-party democracy, increasing the importance and autonomy of the party in central office , while the party membership became less significant. The Michels iron law of oligarchy was corroborated: the Workers Party of Brazil could not escape from your oligarchization. If the party in public office and party leadership win with this new balance of power, there is only one looser: the party membership.
Tarefas exploratório-investigativas para o ensino de álgebra na 6ª série do ensino fundamental : indícios de formação e desenvolvimento da linguagem e do pensamento algébricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-27) Dechen, Tatiane; Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1995694016577791
The following research, qualitative in nature, originated with the practice of teacher researcher, the challenges encountered in teaching algebra and studies undertaken in respect of investigations mathematical as a methodology potentially motivating and positive results in relation to the development of language and the algebraic thinking. With the main objective of identifying evidence of formation and development of language and algebraic thinking of students who are starting to learn this subject, were the dynamics and communications that occurred in the development of exploratory-investigative tasks into two classes of 6th grade of Education Essential in a private school in the city of Americana - SP. The research was done in partnership with a teacher, who has teaching experience, had already researched and worked with exploratory-investigative activities. Researcher and teacher partner built the tasks undertaken during the investigation with the cooperation of the participants in the Collaborative Group for Research in Mathematics Education (GCEEM), of which both are members. Given the data of the search, a second goal was set: to identify some strengths and limits the use of exploratoryinvestigative tasks in the current educational context. With the focus on the dynamics of the classroom, in the statement provided by exploratory-investigative tasks and the teaching of algebra, it was possible to analyze further the first task, in which students had to explore a situation and analyze a regular basis. In exchanges of ideas among students, with the teacher and the records made during the development of the task, it was possible to identify the signs of formation and development of language and algebraic thinking. The data were collected and analyzed, according to various benchmarks theoretical research on mathematics, communication and teaching of algebra. To build the analysis of the goals outlined, first trying to identify and analyze the communications of the students and teacher at both the oral and written, during the completion of the task. Data were grouped into three blocs: (1) The movement of classroom research and evidence of language and algebraic thinking. (2) The movement of the classroom that led to conflicts and difficulties. (3) The conflict between the thought and language. During the review it was noted that the difficulties encountered by students originated in the absence of concepts - particularly that of variable - and the different language used by the teacher. It was possible to see that students, even with the thought arithmetic, were induced to use symbolic language - used by the teacher - without first developing the concepts needed. We could still see some limits within the educational context, such as the time required to give meaning to the concepts. By identifying the evidence, it became clear that students need to feel that to use the algebra symbolic is necessary- think scientifically - to solve problems, in another words, to be encouraged so that the algebra has meaning.
Desenvolvimento de métodos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência muldimensional para validação do uso do biorreator gliceraldeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase de Trypanosoma cruzi para triagem de inibidores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-27) Moraes, Marcela Cristina de; Cass, Quezia Bezerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4092328724086308
This work reports the quantification of NADH formed by an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) of T. cruzi using multidimensional high-performance liquid chromatography. For this, The IMER was used in the first dimension while an analytical C8 column was used in the second dimension. The conditions of the pre-treatment of the fused silica capillary tubes and the covalent immobilization of the enzyme into the capillary were successfully optimized, resulting in increased enzymatic activity and stability. Kinetic studies for the T. cruzi GAPDH-IMER were carried out to verify the influence of the immobilization over the enzyme affinity for the substrate and cofactor. The kinetic results for the IMERs of human and parasite GAPDH enzymes were compared to those obtained with the enzymes in solution, and showed that the covalent immobilization method used affected mainly the affinity of the human enzyme for the substrate. The human and parasite GAPDH-IMERs were employed for the ligand screening. The ligands recognized by the IMERs were the same identified by the enzymes in solution, showing that the immobilized enzymes kept the ability of recognizing the activity compounds modulators. The IMERs demonstrated to be a useful tool also for inhibitors binding reversibility characterization. In view of the high costs and difficulties involved on enzyme purification, the methods described in this work represents a valuable way of preserving enzyme activity and carrying out a variety of biochemical experiments.
As questões ambientais nos livros didáticos de diferentes disciplinas da quinta-série do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-27) Marpica, Natália Salan; Logarezzi, Amadeu José Montagnini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6153358744019882; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0526989614875576
The National Curriculum Parameters and Law 9.795 issued in 1999, which institutes a national policy covering environmental education, define that the environmental education should not be a school discipline but should be incorporated by all the existing ones. Aiming to check the way in which the orientation of the transversality is subsidized so that it can be concretized in the schools, this work uses the didactic books of different educational disciplines to understand how the multidisciplinar set of a same class approaches the environmental issues. The didactic books represent a huge investment on behalf of the Federal Government, who in turn analyzes, approves and purchases them for further forwarding to schools. As from this context the objective of the present survey is to understand how the knowledge, ethic and esthetic values as well as the political participation, covering the environmental issues, are approached in the didactic books of different school disciplines, resulting in contribution for an objective and critical usage of the school book as an environmental educational instrument. The survey was directed by the critical conception of the environmental education as it is understood that, when designing a fundamental role to the political dimension and educative práxis, it becomes more coherent with the search for transformation of the social-environmental reality. The methodology used was a qualitative textual analysis. As corpus of the analysis, didactic books were adopted; these books were purchased by SEE/SP covering each educational disciplines for the fifth year of the low school for the year of 2005. As analysis units, texts and chapters of the books that covered or should cover the environmental issues were used, and then these were unbuilt under the direction of a schedule, prepared based on elements that we consider essential for the educative work oriented to the environment, that includes handling of knowledge dimensions, of the ethic and esthetic values and political participation, which were subdivided in 21 parameters additionally specific. The analysis classifications were built a priori and based on existing trends in the educational field, as related to incorporation of the environmental thematic, as follows: silent, conservative, pragmatic and critical. Totally, 52 analysis units were selected distributed among the mathematics books, Portuguese language, sciences, history and geography. In general, most of them contemplated the environmental issue, however in a limited manner as the silent trend predominated in the three dimensions. In several parameters we were able to identify the presence of other trends, however, without a regularity in the approach, and this is assumed that there is no theoretical referential that subsidize the environmental discussions in the didactic books and that there is no concrete objective, on behalf of the state and of the didactic books, to transform the conditions of the social oppression and environmental degradation. The contradiction of the Brazilian state during this year is not founded only by the acquisition of material that does not company with the PCNs and Law 9.795, but for not considering them in formulation of other educational policies such as the PNLD, that does not cover the transversal themes in its assessment process. Thus, in its current materiality, the potential of the educational books, while a critical environmental educational instrument, is limited to the insertion of the theme in classrooms, and which should be deepened and enhanced by the school teachers.
Aspectos da germinação de sementes, da emergência de plântulas e da morfologia dos frutos e sementes de Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) O. Berg (myrtaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-27) Periotto, Fernando; Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
Campomanesia pubescens (D.C.) O. Berg., found in Minas Gerais, Goias and the Espirito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul, is a fruitful Myrtaceae whose gender has 25 species distributed from Mexico to Argentina and 15 of them natives of Brazil. Their seeds need of technical and scientific studies that could clarify their ecological characteristics, morphological and physiological, thus contributing to a better understanding. To this end, the objective of this study was to investigate aspects of the germination of seeds, seedlings, the emergence and the basic morphology of seeds of this species under different conditions in the laboratory and in a greenhouse. Their seeds have dimensions between 4.5 to 7.5 mm in length and 2.8 to 6.5 mm wide, the larvae infestation reached 8.92% of the fruits collected, the average number of seeds per fruit were extracted 6 And it was these seeds 38.45% and 61.55% empty seed floods. The water content found in its seeds was 53.5%, and in the curve of soaking, the protruding root occurred at 144 days, when the initial value was increased by 18.4% to mass on the mass of matter fresh start. It was observed that the final percentage and speed emergency seedlings was promoted significantly in substrates: coconut fiber / vermiculite (2:1) and vermiculite. In seedlings, the coconut fiber substrates / vermiculite (2:1), sand and vermiculite provided superior results to their lengths, as opposed to those that grew on the substrate of coconut fiber, which have significantly smaller lengths. Regarding the number of leaves per plant, there was no significant difference found between those who grew up in four different substrates. After 120 days of sowing, vermiculite, coconut fibre / vermiculite (2:1) and coconut fibre the percentage of 100% survival of seedlings as the substrate sand because his physical resistance offered to the emergence of seedlings, caused the loss of paracotilédones thus reducing the survival end to 90%. Looking at the mass of dry seedlings, roots, stems and leaves growing in coconut fiber substrates / vermiculite (2:1), vermiculite and sand had earned significantly higher in dry matter, with the weight of dry matter roots was higher against the portions of the air in all substrates studied: (0.12 g) greater weight of dry matter of roots, (0.02 grams) of the largest mass of stems and dry (0.03 g) greater weight of dry matter of leaves, consecutively, in seedlings that are developed in substrates vermiculite and sand. The germination (%) was significantly damaged at 40oC and water stress. When dried, fermented for 24 hours or for 4 days, 100% of the seed tested completely lost the ability germination. The results were as conductivity of the average value of 13.7 μ S.cm- 1.g-1 the rapid ageing significantly disrupted the proceedings of the seed germination.