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Gerenciamento de projetos em uma empresa de bens de capital : uma comparação entre os procedimentos utilizados e o método da corrente crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Campanini, Luciano; Pereira, Neocles Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
The approach of this study relates to the method of project management originated of the Theory of Constraints called Critical Chain. Beyond of the bibliographical revision on research methodology, production systems, project management, simulation of systems, Theory of Constraints and Critical Chain, a case study was accomplished to compare two methods of project management in a company of Industrial Goods. This company works with projects under order and it uses the Critical Path Method (CPM) to make your projects management. To compare the two methods of project management, historical information on the current management method adopted by the company had been collected, and for the method of Critical Chain some simulations had been done. Through these simulations it was possible to compare the compliments of the finish dates and the lead-time of projects to each one of the management methods. The results indicate for a better execution of finish dates when the method of the Critical Chain is used in the project management.
Habitat, morfologia branquial e osmorregulação das arraias de água doce da bacia amazônica (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Duncan, Wallice Luiz Paxiuba; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
The relationship between functional morphology of the gills, osmoregulatory physiology, and habitats of the freshwater stingrays (family Potamotrygonidae) was investigated. Potamotrygonid gills have a rather unique external and internal anatomy and organization compared with other marine and/or euryhaline rays. The filaments on the hemibranchs are usually longer and numerous in the second arch. A protuberance was observed on the leading edge of the filaments. The epithelium that covers the gill filaments and lamellae is composed primarily of pavement cells (PVCs), mucous cells (MCs) and chloride cells (CCs). The PVCs showed PAS-positive reactivity. In addition, studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that PVCs possess subapical secretory granules or vesicles that contain mucous material. Large mucous cells were observed with Alcian blue and PAS reaction suggesting the presence of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides, respectively. Particular attention was focused on the chloride cells. Na+/K+ -ATPase-rich cells (chloride cell, CC-NKA) were frequently found on the trailing edge and in the interlamellar spaces. They were also found on the lamellae, although generally towards the base. The number of CC-NKA and Na+/K+ -ATPase activity were greatest in arch IV compared with the other branchial arches. The basolateral membrane of the chloride cell does has moderate infoldings, and they are likely the site of Na+/K+ -ATPase activity. A surprising result was observed in Potamotrygon sp., in which chloride cells were arranged in large groups in the interlamellar region, not observed in other potamotrygonid species. This multicellular complex of chloride cell is certainly unusual, and may provide a micro-environment suitable to ion uptake from the acidic and ion-poor water of the Rio Negro basin. Potamotrygonid stingrays exhibit typical teleostean body fluid chemistry. These results were analyzed based on the organism-environment interaction. Amazonian rivers, such as Rio Amazonas, Rio Negro, and Rio Tapajós are spatially heterogeneous in their physical and chemical features. In this regard, it is apparent that some distribution patterns of the family Potamotrygonidae may be related to the type of water (e.g white, black and clearwater). The hydrographic barrier hypothesis was tested in Potamotrygon sp. In this ray, plasma [Na+], [Cl-], osmolality and kidney Na+/K+ -ATPase activity decreased after acclimatization to water of the Rio Branco compared to Rio Negro-acclimatized animals. These findings suggest that whitewater-associated changes on the ion and plasma osmolality are due to reduction in the renal Na+/K+ -ATPase activity resulting in an ion loss to the environment. In our biogeographic scenario, some water types may act as an expressive hydrographic barrier for the isolation of endemic potamotrygonid species. On the other hand, Paratrygon aiereba, a widespread stingray that lives in white, clear and blackwaters in the Amazon basin exhibited some physiological differences related to the aquatic environment. Plasma osmolality, urea and ion concentration were higher in whitewater, as compared to blackwater rays. This fact may be explained as an example of phenotypic plasticity, usually expressed in aquatic animals in environments with different aquatic compositions.
Efeitos do cloreto mercúrico sobre o tecido ósseo de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Ferreira, José Aparecido; Nonaka, Keico Okino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8900057907339808
The mercury is used in the industry, medicine, agriculture and other fields. However, little is known about its involvement with the bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, biochemical and biomechanical bone parameters in adult rats contaminated with mercuric chloride during the development phase. The animals were separated as control group: 10 male rats treated with saline 0.9% (0,1 ml/100g BW) and contaminated group: 8 male rats treated with mercuric chloride (2.5 mg/Kg BW). The animals were treated during 60 days, 5 days/week, by stomacal gavage. The body weight, femoral length and diaphysis thickness were measured. The mechanical properties (maximum and failure forces, stiffness and yield) of femurs were evaluated by the three-point bending test using the universal machine Instron model 4444. The bone volume was estimated by the Archimedes Principle. The wet and ash weight were also determined. The body weight, length and minor diameter of the femurs were not different between the groups; however the major diameter increased in contaminated group (p=0.0002). It was observed an increase (p=0.0044) of bone volume and a decrease of the bone mineral density (p=0.0009) and of the percentage of mineral material (p=0.0001) of the femurs of the contaminated group. The bone response to biomechanical test was similar in both groups. The rat contamination with mercuric chloride in the dose of 2.5 mg/Kg BW caused small alteration in the development of bones, as observed by the biometrical and biophysical parameters analyzed. However these alterations were not enough to induce modification of the biomechanical and biochemical parameters.
A visão dos atores no sistema de drenagem urbana : uma análise crítica na gestão dos recursos humanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Noccetti, Talita Fávaro; Cordeiro, João Sergio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361919950067084
This research treats about the insights for: preparation of actors who are answerable for urban drainage systems in their performance on the public services. At first the work made a bibliography study about urban drainage system, riches being, formation and capacitance to act as an agent on the drainage system. To evaluate the High Education Engineering Institutions and Municipal Services were developed and applied questionnaires with specific approaches about the urban drainage system. After developed methodology to apply the questions for Municipal Services, were estimated the answers and it was insufficient. Then another search was made in official agencies, to obtain a detailed statistics report, and finally, with the data basis constructed, explain some conclusions and insights. The questionnaires were quite clear that Municipal Service is indifferent when the abstract is urban drainage, principally concerning the absence of answers. With the evaluate about the detailed report of the available municipal information, and the approach about future tendencies, the conclusion is have a hidden preoccupation in some towns with environment and is possible that this preoccupations can extend for drainage system. However some factors show negligence principally on direction of: better practices, regulation, inspection and paradigm changes, resulting in the same confront problems exiting on big cities, which have chronic environment and drainage problems. When the center of interest is the professional actors on drainage system and their education, considering the low improvement showed on questionnaires for the searched on High Education Institutions, was possible observed there are low tendencies about include, on engineering courses, the subjects embodying urban drainage system and another environment themes related. Notwithstanding, nowadays its possible may further mention this is insufficient.
Precipitação do clavulanato de potássio a partir do ácido clavulânico presente no caldo de fermentação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Hirata, Daniela Battaglia; Hokka, Carlos Osamu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5292381247624407
Clavulanic acid is a potent inhibitor of many β-lactamase enzymes producing bacteria, which attribute bacterial resistant against cephalosporins and penicillins. The combination of CA with amoxicillin is the most successful example, that clavulanic acid have the ability to enhance the effectives of β-lactam antibiotic, which was β-lactamase sensitive, allowing the use of amoxicillin in treatment of a lot of diseases. Clavulanic acid is obtained by a fermentation method from various microorganisms belonging to many Streptomyces strains such as Streptomyces clavuligerus. CA itself is an unstable hygroscopic oil which is not used for the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds, for this suitable salts are more appropriated. Among these compounds potassium clavulante is the most stable compound which is normally used for pharmaceutical preparations. In the present work a precipitation of potassium clavulanate starting from the clavulanic acid present in the fermentation broth (cultivated at DEQ-UFSCar) was proposed. Therefore were necessary preliminary studies such as the characterization, monitoramment, standardization of CA (Clavulin®) and improvement of the previously purification steps employed before precipitation step. The directly precipitation (R0) which occurred the reaction of CA with potassium 2-ethyl hexanoate resulting in the potassium clavulante and the precipitation with an intermediate step which occurred an previously reaction of CA with the t-octylamine (R1) allowing a formation of a amine salt of CA (stable intermediate) that afterward it was reacted with the potassium 2-ethyl hexanoate for the formation of potassium clavulanate (R2) were evaluated. The studied reactions were optimized through by response surface methodology (experimental design) in order to permit maximize the yield and to evaluate the stability of the potassium clavulanate precipitated. The results obtained were excellent and demonstrated that the reaction of precipitation employed is very appropriate to be used as the final stage of the process of AC purification from fermentation broth, allowing to obtain a raised yield of the potassium clavulanate associated to a high purity.
A formação superior em Direito na obra de Machado de Assis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Calabresi, Luis Henrique de Freitas; Bittar, Marisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8316558470130733
Machado de Assis's literary production is closely related to the society of its time and can contribute greatly to the understanting of XIX century Brazil. In this dissertation we used the works of Machado de Assis in the field of History of Education. We analysed the higher education in law during XIX century though the novels Dom Casmurro and Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas. The choice of higher education in law justifies itself due to the predominance that this course achieved in that historical period. The choice of the Machado de Assis's novels mentioned above was due to the characteristics of its narrators, Dom Casmurro and Brás Cubas, as being law school graduates, and also because of several references to law studies throughout these works. We analyzed these novels as our primary sources, selecting excerpts related to our theme and comparing them with historical studies, law school studies and critical studies on Machado the Assis's works as well. We have found in Dom Casmurro and Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas several characteristics of the Brazilian higher education in law in the XIX century, such as its restricted access to the elites, the search for prestige and social differentiation in regard to the rest of the population; and the emphasis on a humanistic culture, disconnected from the practical world of work - done by the slaves -, which was also characterised by a highly sophisticated rhetoric an eloquence in its form, articulated in order to achieve ostentation, in spite of the fact that it was empty in terms of contents. The culture of the elites, in which the higher education in law played a central role, was not related to the progress of the country, but to the perpetuation of the these own groups opression.
Contribuições do programa de mentoria do portal dos professores-UFSCar : auto-estudo de uma professora iniciante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Bueno, Adriana Helena; Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0968325874485148
Educação infantil: aprendizagens de diretoras iniciantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Mello, Marcia Maria de; Mizukami, Maria da Graça Nicoletti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7417625425943227
The present study is a qualitative survey involving four preschool directors who are just starting their careers within the community school system. It intends to describe and analyze the acquisition of professional knowledge experienced by these four professionals as they commence their practical living in the school routine. The concept of career is herein understood as a continuous build-up process that spans the entire professional life of an individual. The data used in this survey originated from the analysis of official records, like legal documents and government acts, and from the answers that the directors provided to semi-scripted interviews. The study is based on the hypothesis that preschool directors undergo singular periods of dense and conflicting occurrences as they start their professional practice; in face of such challenges, they often base their decisions upon experiences they had previously, when they were teachers who either observed or were directly helped by experienced directors. The initial period of a director s career is therefore similar to the initial stages of a teacher s career. General aspects of this hypothesis are confirmed as the directors describe details of their path from the teaching context to the management context, especially the strategies they adopted in face of the management challenges. The guiding role played by the more experienced peers is strongly highlighted by all four subjects as being an essential element to that particular moment in their careers. Progress to a further stage in the career is achieved through the particularization of professional skills acquired while performing the managerial work; the perception of being a director is constructed as they find a personal and unique way to pursue their new professional path. Reports collected from the interviews revealed that office and paperwork are likely to take up most of a director s available time during the initial stages in the career, and may be an obstacle to the completion of pedagogic tasks. The way each subject will handle this difficulty is characterized by an individual bias, which will further determine a typical way of running the job. The absence of an institutional development plan was found to be a possible threat to running the pedagogic duties, and the streamlining of both administrative and pedagogic demands may be a valuable aid to career-beginning directors. The skills acquired during professional practice were found to be chiefly related to the managerial context: leadership, team working, conflict resolution, and decision making, among others. This work focuses on the process that eventually leads to the acquisition of such skills and hence to a level of stability in the career of a school director.
A instituição da supervisão de ensino e a municipalização em Valinhos : tensões, conflitos e incertezas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Macedo, Marina Quintanilha; Riscal, Sandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328430571957395
This dissertation analyses the establishment of the educational supervision in Valinhos municipality, after the municipalization, presenting the tensions and conflicts that this process raised, made explicit by the lack of knowledge of the School Supervisor s hole, demonstrating the existence of a confrontation between a traditional and patrimonialist administrative organization, based on a system of values and beliefs and the new rational institutional structure proposed by the State, through the municipalization of the education. This study used the theory developed by Max Weber related to the role of the technical and substantive rationality in the constitution of the western capitalism and the Modern State. The concepts and categories concerning the administrative rationalism and the forms of organization and development of the administrative structure are fundamental to the development of this research. At this point, we are particularly interested in the development of the function and post of the supervisor and the concepts of patrimonialism and bureaucratic organization.
Zoneamento ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do médio Mogi-Guaçu superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Moschini, Luiz Eduardo; Santos, José Eduardo dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2728357583462262
The sustainable management of the ecosystems became an indispensable tool for the conservation and use of the natural resources and for the human well-being. The watershed river as a landscape unit presents a space arrangement of different types of natural ecosystems and of differentiated land uses that can result in risks or threats to the integrity and the ecological sustainability of the environmental systems. The landscape dynamics of a watershed river is related to the knowledge of the modifications of the land uses and of their relationships with physical, biological, socioeconomic and political factors, and represents also an essential condition in the strategies definition for the environmental planning. This work intends the Environmental Zoning of Medium Mogi-Guaçu River Watershed proposition in the perspective to a environmental diagnose occupation conditions due to the local development actions, along the time, providing subsidies for the environmental mangement and planning in the perspective of the ecological sustainability. The characterization and analysis of the watershed landscape structure and of the municipal districts that integrate the landscape unit, as well as the conceptual proposal of environmental zoning was elaborated using a System of Geographical Information (SIGs), in way to organize a georeferenced database that make possible the administration and analysis of the integrated data. For the classification and identification of the land uses and occupation were used LandSat 5-TM bands (3,4 and 5) images, dated of July of 1984, August of 1990, June of 2000 and August of 2007; planialtimetric maps (1:50.000); geology and soil maps, besides sócio-economic data. Thematic letters related to the following landscape structural elements were elaborated: Road net, pedology, hipsometriy, hydrography, land cover and land use and occupation, Index of Urbanity, Index of Environmental Quality and a conceptual Permanent Preservation Area, with base in GIS (Idrisi V.15 and MapInfo8.5). With the LandSat images classification was possible to obtain the land use dynamics in a period of 23 years (1984 to 2007), as well as identified the watershed land use condition and occupation for 2007. The results demonstrate that local landscape was loosing the naturalness in function of agriculture and urbanization processes. The remaining fragments of natural vegetation related to different types of land cover, evidence a landscape scenery quite fragmented because of agricultural expansion and of the development regional. These results allowed the elaboration of a Environmental Zoning conceptual proposal for the watershed. Were proposed eight Zones involving special areas of interest for conservation, as well as management and conservation strategies for the flood plain of the medium Mogi-Guaçu river. The results evidence the need of an appropriate management of the productive current areas, as well as the management of agricultural and industrial expansion. They still evidence the need to promote dialogues and actions capable to establish a swinging among the support capacity of the natural systems in detriment to the maintenance of the global production of goods in the perspective of the watershed ecological sustainability.
Processos educativos entre jovens na construção de uma cartilha educativa sobre direitos sexuais e reprodutivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Barbosa, Daniela de Castro; Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8645117991861084
Facing the problem of addressing the Sexual and Reproductive Rights in the school institution and recognizing the capacity that the young has in acting as a protagonist of their learning process of education, this research aimed as general objective to observe, to understand and to analyze educational processes unchained among eight young in the age group from thirteen to fourteen years to become involved in the elaboration of educational material on Sexual and Reproductive Rights. It was a descriptive study of qualitative character based on the Paulo Freire perspective of the education understanding as a dialogical process. The data collection was made in the months of April to October of 2007, in a state school in the city of Ribeirão Preto, having been used as instruments for collection the conversation wheels and the annotations in field diaries. At first educational actions were accomplished with all the students of the seventh and eighth series, which allowed us to present the theme of the Sexual and Reproductive Rights and to invite them to participate voluntarily in the research. Later, the research participants chose for voting which rights they would like to discuss in our dialogues. From here, there were proposed activities with problems that unchained the conversation wheels on the sexual and reproductive rights, allowing contextualizing knowledge, practices, opinions and expectations of the young. Finally, the research participants reflected about the sexual and reproductive rights to develop an educational book, with texts, drawings and researches of their own authorship. The discoveries were organized for themes of analysis. The results showed that the young possess knowledge, of their body, their health, their sexuality and these was demonstrated with questions and curiosities to share knowledge. They actively participated in their process of teaching and learning and have brought forth discussions on the issues that afflict then in their daily lives, such as the gender relationships, the dialogue lack in the affectionate relationships, the abortion, among others. We concluded that when the young interacts with their group of equals in the construction of educational material on sexual and reproductive rights they express themselves with easiness, understands the sexuality as being part of the human, recognizes the importance of the prevention and tries to take attitudes that lead to the exercise of their rights.
Clonagem, expressão recombinante e caracterização de uma serpina da cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Silva, Kelly Pereira da; Silva, Flávio Henrique da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3058455388068629
Impactos cumulativos na avaliação de impactos ambientais: fundamentação, metodologia, legislação, análise de experiências e formas de abordagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Oliveira, Valéria Regina Salla de; Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6248877371371288
Current subjects as the global heating, reduction in n the ozone layer and the loss of the biodiversity, among other, are resulted of centuries of human actions considered without importance by its low prompt significance and whose impacts had not been evaluated. Although the evaluation of environmental impacts - EIA the to have been instituted more than thirty years, its practical one more common it is in the project level and it is not common to evaluation of these impacts, called of cumulative impacts - IC. The need of the consideration of these impacts made a process that considered them to appear - the Cumulative Impact Assessment - CIA. CIA has been studied, practiced and argued at several countries, however in Brazil, its practice is not common. Although the legislation approaches the consideration of cumulative impacts, they don't know each other approaches and methodologies adapted for such analysis, nor as to consider IC in the process of environmental licensing. With base in this gap, this work had as aim to do a conceptual theoretical survey on cumulative impacts and its analysis process, identifying in the literature the conceptual framework, tools, methodologies, application forms and case studies. After the critical analysis of the data, it was traced a conceptual, theoretical and technical profile and presented as result proposed and recommendations for subsidy to a possible systematization of the procedures; aimed the application difficulties and adaptation needs so that the practice of AIC in Brazil is implanted, as well as in several countries.
Processos educativos e memórias de mulheres em processo de envelhecimento que vivem em um abrigo e participam de uma tertúlia musical dialógica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-29) Silva, Sara Regina Moreira da; Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0237990232438646
The present investigation has as objectives describe the processes of aging in capitalist society and the need of humanization of the relations in this process; analyze the educational processes and memories from musical from musical living on which possibility musical hearing of classics and the interaction with the music and among people; evaluate the impact, limits and possibilities of a dialogical musical activity in the retirement home for women context in aging process, trying to understand how this activity caused impact in the participating women s routine, identifying after these analyzes the work contribution to the society in general, to education e to the musical education. To achieve these objectives, we carried out in the retirement home the activity named Dialogical Musical Tertulia, dialogue activity with regard to the classic music listening. Implying classics as, in this research, the musical works that crossed the time, taking part of a culture s tradition and respecting the coherence and strict the origin of musical style. In the activity, these women could share and connect the songs listened and their life experiences telling their memories. Participating observations were carried out, notes in field diaries and interviews with people who take care in the retirement home and some participating women of the activity. The collected data was organized as dialogical learning dynamic, the processes if solitude among the participating women; the creation of the meaning in an activity which gather to share the memories and the living of music; the attitudes changes and the transformation occurred from the verbal and nonverbal interaction, the musical behavior shown by the participants demonstrating the relations established with the music and educational processes generated from these behaviors, including certain musical learning; the relation between music and memory, memory and society and the importance of the memory to the people in the aging process and even old age, the life in the retirement home and the classics in the tertulia through the participating women s vision. The research also tried to understand how much the dialogical musical appreciation, considering the levels sensitive and expressive, the interaction and the memory task contributed with the enlargement of the educational relations in the musical education and among the women. All the approached aspects in the research still collaborate with the old age life quality improvement. Finally we could observe the contributions of this work to the Education field, the Musical Education and to the society in general, describing final considerations that pointed ways in the search to overcome of the oppressions situations lived at the old age, bigger search after cultural educational actions carried out in the investigation time through the interaction with music and among people in the Dialogical Musical Tertulia activity.