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Organizações e espaços da raça no oeste paulista: movimento negro e poder local em Rio Claro (dos anos 1930 aos anos 1960)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-26) Pereira, Flávia Alessandra de Souza; Monsma, Karl Martin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083149924291027
In Organizações e Espaços da Raça no Oeste Paulista: Movimento Negro e Poder Local em Rio Claro (dos anos 1930 aos anos 1960) (Organizations and Spaces of Race in Western São Paulo State, Brazil: The Black Movement and Local Government in Rio Claro [from the 1930s to the 1960s] ) we try to comprehend the profile and shape of the black movement of the city of Rio Claro, and relations between this movement and the local government with regard to specifically racial demands. We focus on black spaces of sociability of Rio Claro, giving special attention to the identitary processes that shaped this sociability, and also to the demands that black actors addressed to the local government as part of the struggle for their own spaces of race in a white majority context, we emphasize, deeply marked both by open racism against blacks and by the impermeability of the local political system to blacks in general. It was in this context that the local black movement developed, over the course of decades, the basis for its collective mobilization for the long-desired house of its own a house that was materialized in its two social headquarters, finally built at the end of the 1960s. This research was supported by FAPESP (São Paulo State Research Fundation, Brazil, regular doctoral scholarship) and by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil, for foreign doctoral studies).
SEBRAE e empreendedorismo: origem e desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-26) Melo, Natália Maximo e; Grün, Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3166409854581684
Entrepreneurship is a term that has been present in the vocabulary of the Economy and the Administration and also in the common sense; however, rarely has been part of researches in social sciences. This dissertation describes the mains social actors who had contributed for the institutionalization of the entrepreneurship in the world. Moreover, it investigates one of the main actors that diffuse and support the entrepreneurship in Brazil: SEBRAE (Brazilian Service of Support to Micro and Small Companies). Describing it, we can identify how was introduced this subject (and term) in the programs of SEBRAE. Finally, the main of these programs, the Empretec, is investigated. It is co-coordinated by ONU and consists of a behavioral training which aim is to transform the behavior of individuals. Entrepreneurship seems in it not as academic concept with descriptive value, but as a prescriptive set of norms and values that guide and modify the perception of individuals.
Extrapolação espectral na restauração de imagens tridimensionais de microscopia ótica de fluorescência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-09-26) Ponti Junior, Moacir Pereira; Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5041497500746910
The study of living cells, isolated or in tissues, in several applications, requires the use of microscopy techniques. The fluorescence microscopes are specially important for making possible images with enhancement of specific structures and detection of biological processes. However, microscopes, like other optical systems, corrupt images so that many details are lost after the passage of the image through their optical components. The conventional (wide-field) fluorescence microscopes degrade images mainly on the axial direction, limiting the amount of frequencies that passes through the system. As a result, there is an out-of-focus blur, making it difficult to use the images to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images by computational optical sectioning microscopy (COSM). The main contribution of this thesis is the development of computer-based methods that are able to restore acquired images, through spectrum extrapolation algorithms that restore a portion of the lost frequencies, even in noisy images. A non-linear algorithm was proposed, based on the Richardson-Lucy method, with space and frequency domain constraints as in the Gerchberg-Papoulis algorithm. this method defines an unified algorithm to restore and extrapolate images, focusing on the spatial finite support constraint. The proposed method showed improved extrapolation when compared to previously known methods. Besides, other algorithms were developed based on the proposed method. Each variation of the basic algorithm has distinct features to attenuate the noise, define adaptively the spatial constraint, and detect the image background region. The use of an adaptive constraint and the extraction of information directly from the images were shown to contribute to the recovery of lost frequencies. The results are promising, showing the potential of extrapolation in real conditions, improving the three-dimensional visualization of specimens in wide-field (non-confocal) microscopes, helping many important applications in biotechnology, such as the assessment of cell cultures.