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Macroinvertebrados bentônicos como indicadores de qualidade da água em rios e reservatórios da bacia hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-20) Pareschi, Daniela Cambeses; Tundisi, Takako Matsumura; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7789295211200946; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3758797802020831
The community of benthic macroinvertebrates from 21 pre-selected sample points, including rivers and reservoirs at the Tiete-Jacaré (SP) watershed, were sampled during periods of drought (jun/05) and rain (feb/08), using artificial substrates filled with expanded clay (1 month of colonization), as well as samples of natural substrate with Ekman-Birge dredger and core. The objective of this study was to analyze the richness and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates (identified until the level of family, except for Chironomidae, which was identified until the level of gender) and it s relation to water quality, under two methods of sampling, artificial substrates and natural substrates, comparing also lotic and lentic systems. Several metrics were applied, such as BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party) and adaptations, the IBB (Belgian Biotic Index),% EPT and Shannon-Wiener diversity index, in order to verify it s relationship to water quality, analyzing physical, chemical and biological parameters of water and sediment. The artificial substrates were efficient in the colonization of the benthic macroinvertebrate both in rivers and reservoirs, providing greater richness and abundance than the samples with dredge or core. Most of the families collected with dredge or core were represented by Oligochaeta, Chironomidae and Mollusca, while in artificial substrates, a greater variety of orders of insects, crustaceans and other organisms were found. Greater richness and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates, including groups that are sensitive to pollution as Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera, were found in more preserved places, with the presence of riparian vegetation and good water quality (low values of electrical conductivity, total phosphorus and fecal coliform). In places affected by sewage pollution, the greater abundance and dominance was found, especially from organisms that are tolerant to organic pollution, such as Oligochaeta, Chironomidae and Hirudinea. The genera of the family Chironomidae, Tanytarsus and Rheotanytarsus, were associated with better water quality, while the gender Chironomus gr. decorus occurred in great abundance in places impacted by domestic sewage. The application of biotic indices of water quality, BMWP and IBB, was satisfactory for both rivers and to the margins of reservoirs, although in the rainy season the results were not satisfactory, because of the loss of organisms.
Tendência à sustentabilidade ecológica de loteamentos no município de Bauru/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-20) Garbelotti, Paulo Roberto Gervasio; Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
Cities, big poles of development and also generators of social and spatial segregation, are suffering the pressure on urban systems and sanitation because of uncontrolled urbanization and industrialization by the rural exodus, causing irregular occupations in environmentally fragile areas. In this work ,it was searched the assessment of sustainability in its several aspects, through land fragmentation project analysis in the city of Bauru, Sao Paulo, selected according to criteria of location, size of business, size of lots, date of approval, surveys and survey data, including checking the implementation of it. With the acquisition of data, it was promoted comparative analysis between the project approved and its implementation and also between the several aspects of land division recorded on the projects analyzed using as reference the "PESMU - Sustained Urban Planning of Urban," through their subcomponents, allowing the assessment of the trend of ecological sustainability. Knowing these aspects of ecological sustainability and beyond for situations close to the sites and analyzed for parameters for setting up new ventures and lots in the city, especially when the issues of the region and the deployment are similar, with the aim of improving the inhabitants quality of life of the place approached.
A criança e a infância nos documentos da ONU: a produção da criança como 'portadora de direitos' e a infância como 'capital humano do futuro'
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-20) Oliveira, Fabiana de; Abramowicz, Anete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9670033909365792
The developed research is characterized as a documental base study of a qualitative nature related to the United Nations (UN) and to the idea of child and childhood produced by this agency. The relevance to the development of the investigation is based on the importance of this agency in the production of new senses about the child and the childhood in the legal field, resulting in a transference of the childhood sense produced in the 18th century by the historical discourse as well as by the limitation of works involving this knowledge area. The research objectives were: to analyze the senses NU constructed along its existence about the idea of childhood; to investigate the produced conception of child and childhood; to explore and analyze the UN s practices related to the idea of childhood present in the documents. The research was developed considering the analysis of the three following documents produced by UN: The Genebra Declaration of 1924, The Child Rights Declaration of 1959 and the Convention on Child Rights of 1989. Peharps, the NU s documents do not point exactly to a conception of child and childhood, but they certainly give us clues of how the child and childhood, derived from this, should be transformed. UN is being understood as a dispositive of government concerning the children as a specific population managed by both the biopower and the norm that use the Right and its legal discourse (materialized through the Declarations for the children) to rule, control and produce its legal discourse in the contest for the production of the truth on childhood. The comprehension of the notion of Right is being understood based on Foucault, not as something strictly linked to the legal aspect, but considering a widest perspective which associates it to the norm. The child who bears rights and the childhood, as human capital of the future , will de considered as the effect of an intricate net of powers that confer it a given place, a subjectiveness and practices that govern it.