Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2008-11-24"

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Inventário ictiofaunístico de dois rios de altitude do planalto serrano catarinense, alto rio Uruguai, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-24)
Pereira, Karla Conceição
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Verani, José Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9188348433434383
The fish presence and abundance in local assemblies are influenced by several biotic and non-biotic factors, which work and interact in different spatial and temporal scales (MATTHEWS, 1998). The present study aimed at performing the ichthyologic inventory in the headwaters of the rivers Caronas (Pelotas River basin) and Caveiras (Canoas River basin), sub-basins from the region of Santa Catarina State s Plateau, Alto Uruguai River basin, Brazil. The samplings took place monthly in two regions (lentic and lotic parts) during the period from February 2006 to January 2007, with a total of 48 samples. Nets varying from 2 to 7 cm in mesh size were disposed during 24 hours (starting from 12 pm) and were checked 3 times. Additionally were used hand line, catueiros , covos and tarrafas fishing devices. The samples were properly labeled and fixed in 10% formalin. A total of 162 specimens were caught, 72 from Caronas river (29 specimens in the lentic part and 43 in the lotic part) and 90 from Caveiras river (46 specimens in the lentic part and 44 in the lotic part), belonging to 9 species, 5 Families and 3 Orders. It was registered the occurrence of an exotic species Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) in both rivers. Among the captured individuals, two species of Astyanax were constant on the studied habitats. According to the Jaccard qualitative Index application, it was recorded higher similarity values to the lentic parts from both rivers, although using the Bray-Curtis quantitative Index, it was shown that higher estimated values were seen among the lentic parts from both rivers and the lotic part from the Caveiras River. In general, both the qualitative and quantitative similarities presented relatively higher values, suggesting a great similarity in the ichthyofaunistic composition between the habitats in both rivers. Regarding biomass, similar values were registered to both rivers, corresponding to 6.222,64 g in Caronas River and 7.152,52 g in Caveiras River. The feeding items which presented higher frequencies of occurrence in the stomachs contents were: 22,8% of insects (aquatic stages), nematodes parts (14,3%) and terrestrials plants (13,1%), in Caronas River, and 24,4% of insects (aquatic stages), sand (12,7%), nematodes parts (11,7%), in Caveiras River. It was noticeable that the habitats were very alike in terms of specific richness and dominance. The species Rineloricaria sp, Pimelodus absconditus, Astyanax sp 1, Astyanax sp 2, Oligosarcus brevioris and Oncorhynchus mykiss had occurred in both habitats from both rivers; Hoplias malabaricus was not present only in the lotic part of Caveiras River; Rhamdia quelen was present in the lentic part from both rivers and Hypostomus isbrueckeri was restricted to the lotic part of Caronas River. Comparing the Kr values for the two species of Astyanax sp and analizing the distinct studied habitats, it was verified values upper 1,0 in the lentic part of Caveiras River. The results evidenced relatively low richness of species and low frequencies of occurrence on the ichthyofauna studied. It was also noticeable the predominance of the widely forager species Astyanax sp 1, and the presence of the exotic species rainbow trout in both rivers, which represents a risk to the native fish species at the same time that potentially threaten the fish diversity in those localities.
Toxicidade aguda, efeitos metabólicos e hematológicos subletais do fenol em pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-25)
Figueiredo, Juliana Sá Leal de
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Moraes, Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9691216145271574
Phenol compounds and their derivatives are usually found in wastewaters. They may rise in aquatic environments from industry, sewage and country-farm wastes. In the present study we intended to determine the acute toxicity of phenol (LC50-96 hours) and its effects on intermediary metabolism and hematology of pacu exposed to sublethal concentration for 96h. In addition, recovery was evaluated after one week. For such, glucose, pyruvate, lactate, protein, amino acids, ammonia and glycogen were gauged in liver, white muscle and plasma after 96h of phenol exposure. Sodium, potassium and chloride were quantified in plasma. Activities of ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) were assayed in white muscle and liver. The hematological parameters: hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counting, plus the hematimetric indices: MCV, MCH, MCHC were determined. At the end of the recovery period the tissue metabolites were quantified, ions concentration was estimated in the plasma and haematological parameters were determined. The results depicted a CL50-96h of 33 mg/L for pacu. After 96h of sublethal exposure to phenol it was observed: protein decrease, free amino acids increase and activity rise of ALAT and ASAT in white muscle. This is very suggestive of muscle proteolysis. In liver and plasma the levels of glucose, free amino acids and lactate were augmented. Hyperlactemia may be a sign of anaerobic metabolism increase. Augmented values of hematocrit, total hemoglobin and red cell counting may be ought to anaerobic metabolism. After recovery, the fish showed muscle glycogenolysis and reduction of pyruvate levels. The hyperlactemia was still remained. In the liver, protein levels were diminished and glycogen, glucose and lactate were increased. In this work, the stress and toxicity caused by phenol in pacu were clearly observed as well as the metabolic and hematologic processes were visibly affected.
Modelagem, simulação e otimização de transformadores piezoelétricos de modo radial para aplicações em conversão de potência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-26)
Barros, Marcelo Henrique Martins de
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8514491119497005
This work seeks to improve the modeling, analysis and the optimization of the parameters of piezoelectric transformer (PT) built with polarized Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 electro-ceramics for applications in power conversion, as well as to characterize them. The main motivation resides in the great similarity of the electric model of the PT in relation to the LC resonant tanks plus magnetic transformer commonly employees in AC/DC and DC/DC power converters. Such similarity could make possible its application in power conversion, with good energy efficiency, as well as reduction of volume, weight, complexity, cost and electromagnetic emission, when compared to the converters based on magnetic devices, that today dominate almost all the applications. The power conversion accomplished in way more and more rational and with low losses of energy it is, without a doubt, one of the great concern of our time, for the expressive economic and environment impacts. A PT is a electric device that combines an piezoelectric driver on the primary side with a piezoelectric receiver on the secondary side. Both can work with transverse or longitudinal vibration modes. These drivers and receivers are made of piezoelectric elements, being for its time composed of metal plates (electrodes) and of polarized electro-ceramics. To the likeness of the magnetic transformers, piezoelectric transformers are transmission devices of electric energy, even so accomplished through eletro-mechanic coupling between the driver and the receiver. They can be used in the function of insulators, reducers or elevators of the applied voltage on the primary side. Based on the piezoelectric and wave equations, the electric equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric transformer in radial-mode vibration was obtained and later on improved, starting from a more complete approach, including effects that are usually despised. A performance analysis was accomplished through computer simulation and it was explored the limits for the power rate transfer for thermal and electromechanics considerations. Later on an outline of optimization of the piezoelectric transformer in a radial-mode was traced, in order to maximize the efficiency and of adapting it to applications of power conversion; also through computer simulation. Since the electric equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric transformer is commonly identical to the LC resonant tanks used in power conversion in high frequency switch-mode resonant scheme, the PT can substitute the magnetic transformer, the indutor and the capacitor of the resonant tanks, as well as to increase the energy efficiency and to reduce significantly the number of devices, the volume, the cost and the electromagnetic emission of an application in power conversion.
Movimento estudantil e repressão política: o Ato Público na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (1977) e o destino de uma geração de estudantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-26)
Cancian, Renato
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Villa, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0666499374255763
This study examines the university student movement of the 1970s and the Public Act at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP) in 1977, culminating in an episode of police violence against the students. The focus of the search fell on the path of life of a group of former student activists in order to understand, first, how they are linked and part of the student movement, and secondly, if the experience of participation in student movement was able to generate some influence or socialization in terms of political and professional after entering the stage of university education of ex-militants. Theoretically, this study establishes a dialogue with the sociological approaches that focus on the radical student collective actions and roles of young people, and is back to understanding the changes in the patterns of militancy that might occur in the transition from juvenile to life adulthood and integration into the world of work. The methodology of the History of Life provided the basis for the analysis of the biography of former student activists, and from that methodological feature found that the political militancy was a determining factor of student activism and, consequently, a more active participation in the movement university student. The study showed that after training and shutdown of the student movement, the former student activists have continued the practice of political militancy and experience of participation in the student movement has strong influence in their career options.
As experiências de desenvolvimento sustentável do Quilombo de Ivaporunduva: um estudo de caso na perspectiva da Agroecologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-27)
Pedroso, Fabio Graf
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Beskow, Paulo Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8182060065329538
This study aim to describe and analyze the main actions directed for the sustainable development of Ivaporunduva`s quilombola community, located at Ribeira Watershed, State of Sao Paulo. Although several local initiatives, this study focused into three main action lines: production, certification and commercialization of organic bananas; banana straw handicraftwork; and conservation, recovery and sustainable use of juçara palm tree. The research was carried through a case study, using different instruments for data collection: documentary analysis, informal interviews and participant observation. The experiments were analyzed by an agroecology perspective, adopting its concepts and principles as theoretical guideline of models and procedures for sustainable rural development. In this direction, it sought to analyze the processes from the three basic dimensions of sustainability, so as to identify and evaluate the main ecological, economic and social results obtained with the interventions. The study was conduced in a narrow relationship with the Ivaporunduva´s Quilombo Association and Instituto Socioambiental (ISA), partner entities responsible for projects implementation in the community. The results demonstrate that the interventions have brought significant contributions from an agroecological perspective, highlighting itself to environmental conservation, socioeconomic development and community s life quality improvement.
Aspectos ergonômicos e biomecânicos da atividade de manuseio de carga com ênfase no membro superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-27)
Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de
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Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556
Despite the large tendency to task automation, manual material handling (MMH) is still performed in occupational settings. This activity has been widely studied but the focus has been kept on the low back. Besides the lower back, the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders also on upper limb, among workers who perform MMH, shows that there is a need to achieve a better understanding on the interaction between this segment and physical risk factors in the workplace. Besides physical factors, the musculoskeletal load during the MMH seems to be also influenced by the workers experience. In order to contribute with information on the effects of workplace factors on the upper limb behavior during MMH, two studies were developed. The objective of the first study was to evaluate the effects of height of the target surface and load mass on the muscular activity and movements during MMH performed by experienced and inexperienced subjects. Both muscular activity and movements were influenced by the variation of the load mass and height of the target surface. However, there was any difference for the comparison between experienced and inexperienced subjects. This fact was probably related to the homogeneity of the grip used by the subjects to carry out the handling, which has probably an association with the design of the box used in the experiment. In order to better understand the characteristics of the grip used by the subjects to perform the task, another study was conduced. The objectives were (1) to evaluate how experienced and inexperienced subjects would grasp a box when all sides were free to be approached; (2) to describe grip force and wrist movements according to each kind of hand grip, attempting to different heights of the destination surface; (3) to check for safe range of motion recorded for wrist movements in all conditions. Wrist movements and grip force were recorded during the task. Experienced and inexperienced subjects grasped the box by placing their hands on the lateral side and fingers on bottom side. This pattern was observed in all assessed conditions. It seems that when the box allows the free access to the bottom side, both experienced and inexperienced subjects prefer to use that side to position their hands/fingers. Data on movements and grip force has suggested that this grip can provide biomechanical advantage and should be available in occupational settings. In general, the results have shown that physical factors, like height of target surface and load mass, are determinants on the musculoskeletal load. Considering the demand required from the upper limbs, the high surface (around shoulder level) seems to produce higher risk to the development of disorders on this segment. To provide a better understanding on the upper limbs load, studies considering different layouts, as well as asymmetrical tasks and real occupational settings should be conduced.
Síntese não aquosa de nanocristais de óxidos metálicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-11-28)
Silva, Rafael Oliveira da
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493232698168613
Nonaqueous synthesis routes to obtain metal oxide nanoparticles are a valuable alternative to the aqueous sol-gel processes, offering advantages such as high crystallinity at low temperatures and ability to control the crystal growth without the use of surfactants. In this work the synthesis of metal oxide species, such as SnO2, ZrO2, In2O3:Sn (ITO) and SnO2:Sb (ATO), is presented by a surfactant-free method, within some reaction system such as metal halides benzyl alcohol, metal alkoxides benzyl alcohol and metal acetylcetonates benzyl alcohol showing the versatility of this approach. The characterization of the products by XRD and HRTEM confirms the desired characteristics promised by the synthesis method.
Transição ordem-desordem da matéria de vórtices em supercondutores detectada através do terceiro harmônico da suscetibilidade AC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-01)
Oliveira, Ana Augusta Mendonça de
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Ortiz, Wilson Aires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1723588689819867
Although a vortex state, in type II superconductors, has been anticipated more than 50 years ago, a great deal of theoretical and experimental efforts has still been done in an attempt to investigate how the dynamics of these structures depends on external excitations and on the inherent properties of the underlying superconducting material, such as inhomogeneities (Static Disorder). In this work, we studied, in granular �� samples and polycrystalline ��1−��2, the effects of different types and quantities of static disorder on the dynamic behaviour of the vortices. The analysis of such effects, using an extremely sensitive experimental technique, the Third Harmonic of the AC Susceptibility, was the main motivation for this research. Conducting a systematic investigation of the third harmonic, we have established reliable and reproducible experimental procedures to determine changes between different regimes of Vortex Matter (VM). In particular, we distinguished a regime of linear response and, other, of non-linear response, which were identified as representative of disordered and ordered phases of VM, respectively. As a consequence, a new frontier, delimitating these phases, was incorporated to the magnetic diagrams of the studied systems, denominated as Order Disorder Threshold (OD). We also analyzed the evolution of that OD threshold with the addition of inhomogeneities, as well as the format of the contour. With regard to form, two distinct behaviours were revealed and, consequently, interpreted as resulting from a competition between different types of disorder static and dynamic present in the materials. The most intriguing result reported, concerns to the anticipation, in the high temperature/low field region, of the OD limit, which we associated to a Thermally Induced Depinning Transition. In addition, we compared the OD lines with the Irreversibility Line (LI), obtained through magnetization measurements for some of the analyzed samples, pointing out the differences and similarities between them. Measurements of electrical transport and magnetic relaxation were also performed. The results derived from them contributed significantly to the study accomplished, leading to a broader view of the dynamic behaviour of vortices in the vicinity of this newly determined OD threshold.
Nível de degradação termomecânica e coleta de compostos orgânicos voláteis durante a extrusão de polímeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-01)
Coaquira, Carlos Alberto Cáceres
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Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
In this work we studied the thermomechanical degradation and volatile organic compound (VOC) generated during extrusion of the HDPE, PP, and PS. The degradation processes occurred during extrusion were analyzed by a new methodology proposed in this work and called Degradation Level Distribution Function (DLDF). The results obtained were also correlated with the Chain Scission Distribution Function (CSDF) methodology previously proposed. Through DLDF methodology we can also find the critical molar mass ( c M ) above which the chain scission mechanism becomes predominant. The results showed that the chain scission process for HDPE and PP above c M is of a preferential type and random for the PS. The c M present a linear correlation with the weight average molecular weight and decreases with the increase of the extrusion temperature. The VOC generated during extrusion was analyzed via infrared spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. The results showed that these VOC are product of the degradation of polymer and additives. The molar mass of the VOC s varies between 100 to 1000 g/mol. The loss in weight for the volatilization of the material during extrusion is dependent of the polymer type and extrusion temperature. In the case of the PS the values vary between 25 and 850ppm and in the case of the HDPE and PP the loss is below 100ppm.
Aquisição de conceitos psicomotores pelo aluno surdo: avaliação de um programa de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-02)
Fenske, Sheila Glaucieli
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Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0004185084430939
Psycomotricity has presented relationship with several areas of learning. Starting from that, this study has three objectives: elaborate, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a teaching program based on motor activities that emphasizes the body scheme and the space perception, in order to investigate the influence of it in the acquisition of corporal and space concepts for the deaf student. Three deaf students, between seven and nine years old, from a public school of Sao Paulo s interior were chosen to participate in the research. The participants' selection was accomplished following indications of Municipal General Office of Education and Municipal General office of Health. The design research used was intra-subject in multiple baseline. The program of activities was adapted to the results presented by the participant in the motor evaluation and in the baseline. Planned activities were applied in intervention phase, with conceptual and motor evaluation among each one of the stages and a final evaluation of both after the end of them. Three answer levels were used for each expected motor behavior according to each age as learning criterion. To analyze the results of motor and conceptual evaluations, three aspects were considered: the diary of the researcher's field, the socioeconomic questionnaire and the applied questionnaire in the students' parents. These results suggest that improvement in psycomotricity was more strong for the space perception than for the body scheme and if there s any modification in right and left notions, these are transposed for the graphic expression. It was also verified that suggested education does not have the waited success for the body scheme. One of the possible justifications is the necessity of more time in intervention.
Construção de banco de questões para exames de proficiência em inglês para programas de pós-graduação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-03)
Monzón, Andrea Jessica Borges
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Aluisio, Sandra Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4793072701914550
As English is the most frequent language in science and in the academic community, the proficiency in this language is necessary to whom is in this environment included, mainly regarding reading comprehension. Many proficiency exams that evaluate this ability in candidates or graduate students, although request students only to translate a text. At ICMC (USP - São Carlos) since 2001 an English Proficiency Exam (EPE) has been made evaluating graduate students knowledge of research article as a genre (Swales,1990; Weissberg & Buker, 1990). The assessment is divided into four modules: 1) linguistic conventions, 2) structure of research article, 3) reading comprehension and 4) writing strategies which are peculiar to Academic English (Aluísio et al, 2003). However, the modules are not fully implemented and there s still a lot of space for linguistic reflections, once the exam was elaborated by a professor in the Computer Science area. The current study aims the construction of a corpus and the elaboration of questions referring to module 1 with the axioms needed in any evaluation (Perrenoud, 1999; Miller et al, 1998), the peculiar characterists of a foreign language test, Bloom s Taxonomy (1984), the Admissible Probability Method (APM) (Klinger, 1997) and the most recurrent mistakes made by Brazilian graduate students (Genoves Jr. et al, 2007). Computer tools will be used, such as: a concord and a word list that are commonly available in corpus processor like WordSmith Tool besides a chunker, a parser and a parser tree. The questions will be part of an item base to be used for: 1) the elaboration of future EPEs; 2) raising relevant information about the conditions of the testees reading comprehension; and 3) testees´ study and preparation through CALEAP-Web (Gonçalves, 2004).
Economia solidária e desenvolvimento local: uma reflexão preliminar dos programas do governo federal no período 2003-2007
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-04)
Ferraz, Fábio José
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Shimbo, Ioshiaqui
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315114291031702
Estratégia de produção e gestão de suprimentos: estudo de casos no setor de linha branca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-05)
Calife, Naiara Faiad Sebba
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Nogueira, Edemilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5029822027693191
The growing pressure for competitiveness and development of flexible production systems enhanced the strategic role of the production to achieve the goals of global enterprises. The decisions on production should be integrated with strategic decisions of the organization, and the organizational functions of production support stop being performed individually, and also take over strategic role in corporations, it is, for instance, the case of supplies function. This study aims to identify and analyze the Production Strategies and Supplies Management in two important companies in the white line area and check out if and how the function Supplies influences and is influenced by these strategies. The white line area has experienced, since the last decade, intense process of internationalization of production and concentration of capital. Such processes accelerated the diffusion rhythm of innovations in this sector, causing changes in the management and production organization. Furthermore, the existence of a gap in the theory that relates Production Strategy and Supplies Management makes us to bring this relation into practice. One opted for an approach of qualitative and exploratory character, and the research strategy used was the case study. It was possible to check the relevance of these issues for the companies studied so that they could achieve a favorable competitive position, and it was noticed that the priorities of the area of supplies are aligned with the competitive priorities of the enterprises, showing that the supplies management acts by giving support to the production strategy and vice-versa.
Secagem de sementes de gramíneas (Brachiaria brizantha) em leito fluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-05)
Rizzi Júnior, Antonio Carlos
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Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4688543665793400
Drying operation is an important stage of the processing that precedes the storage of seeds, since that with low moisture contents, these can retain their power of germination and other qualities for long periods. The objective of this work was to perform a study of drying of grass seeds (Brachiaria brizantha) in a batch fluidized bed, in order to evaluate the performance of the dryer in a physiological and phenomenological point of view. Fluid dynamics, heat transfer and drying tests were accomplished in order to verify the operational limitations of the equipment, as well as determining the main characteristic experimental parameters of the seeds (such as minimum fluidization velocity and transfer coefficients). Moreover, two types of models were tested (three-phase and two-phase models) with the purpose of comparing the feasibility of its applications. Sensitivity analyses were carried out on the main parameters and properties of the models aiming to discuss their strengths and weaknesses. Besides, experimental comparisons of the drying process in the equipment operating as fixed bed and fluidized bed were made. Among the main results, it was found that the simplified two-phase model provided better predictions of the drying experiments in fluidized bed, specially the temperature of the bed, than the three-phase model, which takes into account the existence of the solid, interstitial gas and bubble gas phases. By applying the hypothesis test of equality between the experimental and simulated variables, it was found a P-value equal to 0,829 for the simplified model Tm variable, better than the three-phase model corresponding variables. The adopted drying kinetics represented well the process, which presented a correlation coefficient of 0,975 between the predicted and experimental data.
Perfil cromatográfico e análise multivariada para o controle de qualidade de amostras comerciais do gênero Phyllanthus (quebra-pedra)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-05)
Martins, Lucia Regina Rocha
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0301804822998646
This work present the development and application of methods by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to the quality control of vegetable samples known as stone breaker , that correspond to Phyllanthus species, two of them entered in Brazilian Pharmacopoeia: P.niruri L. and P. tenellus Roxb. A chromatographic profile analytical method was developed and validated, using HPLC with diode array detection (DAD), for the analysis of aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus authentic samples, which consisted of six species grown under controlled conditions in two different sites (Campinas and São Carlos, Brazil) and also not cultivated samples, collected in 27 cities of São Paulo state. Chemometric methods of exploratory analysis were used to interpret the chromatographic informations, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarquical Cluster Analysis (HCA). Classification models (SIMCA, KNN e PLS-DA) were developed and validated and demonstrated that the Phyllanthus species can be differentiated from each other through their chromatographic profiles and multivariate analysis. The chromatographic method was applied in the analysis of 25 stone breaker commercial samples and their authenticity was determined by the classification models: the results showed that most products are produced with the P. tenellus species, although they are marketed as P. niruri; two samples was determined as adulteration since they were not classified as any Phyllanthus species. A chemical marker was purified by semi-preparative HPLC-UV from the crude aqueous extract of P. niruri specie; spectroscopy characterization determined its structure as corilagin, an hydrolisable tannin. An analytical method by HPLC-UV was developed and validated for quantification of this marker in extracts of Phyllanthus species and stone breaker commercial samples. For the cultivated samples, there was significant variability in the concentration of corilagin according to the place of cultivation and the time of year; among the non-cultivated P. tenellus samples, there was large differences in the marker concentration, result of the influence of different habitats in secondary metabolism of the plant. The corilagin quantification therefore was not feasible to determine the authenticity/quality of commercial samples, but can be used in the monitoring of Phyllanthus cultivated species. In two commercial samples the marker was not detected, which characterized as adulterated samples of stone breaker .
Análise custo/benefício da adoção de boas práticas de manejo em pesque-pague
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-05)
Rosa, Daniele Klöppel
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Marques, João Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2090848308352950
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0481036691164883
Fish culture is na aquaculture field which has been growing a lot in the last few years, specially by fish capture stagnation and for the growing high nutritional quality animal protein demand. A market field that has been greatly developed since 1990 s and which holds huge transactions of buying and selling alive cultures fish is the fee fishing activity, moving not only São Paulo fish cultures but from other states too, like Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul and Minas Gerais. However, as in any human activity, it has negative and positive impacts. On this perspective, this study has objected, through an environment assessment evaluation in five fee-fishing units located in Araras region, manage the proposition Best Management Practices (BMP s) use and making a cost/benefit analysis to prove the viability of those practices use. Data were collected through a previous prepared questions and fishing pounds water and sediment samples analysis and water quality parameters measures in three different moments: before, during and after the rainy period. The analysis showed there are lead and iron elements excess in water, the former is due to previous lead contamination in Mogi-Guaçu hydrographical basin, and the last one because of the region soil type. Several Best Management Practices (BMP s) were proposed and the cost/benefit analysis identified only one economic viable establishment, whereas under a 9.5% a year discount rate in a 15-year analysis, it s proved to be profitable. The studied fee-fishing units presented serious problems on economic sector, and should in an urgent way improve their administrative and management strategies in order to better explore the property potentialities and the activity the execute in a sustainable manner.
Cultura de café (Coffea arábica L.) com princípios agroecológicos como opção para a agricultura familiar na região de Penápolis/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-08)
Zago, Sebastião
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Ferraz, José Maria Gusman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851804858390996
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1288092157014644
The county of Penápolis and region, located into the northwest of São Paulo state, was deforested by coffee growing and they became strong producers in the beginning of the past century, influencing on the plan of the railroads on diffusion of the immigrants. But, due to economic factors, climatic and politicians, this culture has been replaced by others activities agriculture, developed for the big properties, such as the sugar cane and the meadow, overwhelming so, the familiar agriculture that if turned out inoperable on conventional molds of production, causing the removal of the little farmer to the city in search of others fountains of income. The purpose of this work was the following-up the formation and handling of a experimental farming of coffee on agroecologic molds and the definition of the indicators of sustainability for the assessment and comparison of results with others cultivations of conventional principles, organic and a fragment of natural forest, for parameters for analysis, assessment and implementation of this system of cultivation on region. In this work, it concluded that the coffee on agroecologics molds promoted sensitive physical-chemical and biological transformations in the system, indicating that, the use of alternative techniques of production combined with coffee cultivation tradition and the farmer s capacity it s possible to make the coffee culture as an alternative to family farming in the region.
Defesas antioxidantes e alterações bioquímicas no pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887), em resposta à exposição ao cobre, à hipóxia e ao meio ácido, isolados ou associados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-10)
Sampaio, Fernanda Garcia
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Rantin, Francisco Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1419888510506769
Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is widely used in aquaculture. Exposure to this compound can be harmful to fish, resulting in oxidative metabolism alterations and gill tissue damages, prejudicing the respiratory gasses exchange. Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, (Wt = 43,4 ± 3,35 g) were distributed in experimental tanks (n = 10; 180 L) and exposed for 48 h to control (without copper addition), 0.4Cu (0.4 mg.L-1), 2.0Cu (2.0 mg.L-1), 0CupH (without copper addition, pH = 5.0), 0.4CupH (0.4 mg.L-1, pH = 5.0), 2.0CupH (2.0 mg.L-1, pH = 5.0), 0CuHpx (without copper addition, hypoxia), 0.4CuHpx (0.4 mg.L-1, hypoxia), e 2.0CuHpx (2.0 mg.L-1, hypoxia). The oxidative metabolic responses to copper were tissue-specific. In liver and red muscle the superoxide dismutase (SOD) was responsive to the increases in the aquatic copper. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) showed close relation between the activities of these enzymes. The plasmatic intermediary metabolites and hematological variables in fish of group 0.4Cu were similar to those of control group. Conversely, the exposure to 2.0Cu caused an increase in the plasmatic pyruvate, number of red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb). Plasmatic copper concentration [Cup] increased in group 0.4Cu and decreased in 2.0Cu, suggesting the absence of linearity between aquatic and the absorbed copper. Exposure to 0.4Cu and 2.0Cu resulted in a reduction in Na+/K+-ATPase activity and an increase in metallothionein (MT) in the gills. Exposure to 0CupH caused a decrease in glucose and pyruvate concentrations and increase in RBC, Hb, and branquial Na+/K+-ATPase activity. These responses suggest that the fish acted mechanisms to revert the blood acidosis, save energy and increase the oxygen uptake. In the hepatic oxidative metabolism of fish exposed to 0CupH, an increase in SOD activity was observed. Probably GSH-Px was effective in keeping the hydroperoxides concentrations (HP). CAT was affected by pH variations. In the white muscle there was an increase in HP concentration without alteration in the antioxidante defenses (ADs). Plasmatic concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and ammonia decreased, while RBC, Hb and branquial Na+/K+-ATPase increased, suggesting that pacu exposed to hypoxia tended to increase the oxygen uptake and reduce the metabolism in order revert the blood pH fall. The evaluation of biomarkers in response to copper in acid medium suggests an interaction between these factors in the oxidative metabolism. These responses were tissue-specific. The intermediary metabolites showed different response pattern, but RBC and Hb presented similar responses in fish exposed to copper in neutral and acid pH. The intermediary metabolites, hematological parameters and oxidative metabolism were influenced by the significant interaction between copper and dissolved oxygen. MT was an effective biomarker, responding to copper in different pHs and dissolved oxygen. Combined-factors, copper + acid medium and copper + hypoxia, caused significant disturbance in the biomarkers than singlefactors.
Aplicação do método de decomposição de Benders para o problema de carregamento de paletes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-11)
Rocha, Ana Gabriela
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
Cutting and packing problems are important in the production planning of various industrial segments involving goals such as minimizing the negative efects generated by waste of materials or idle spaces. The loss of material due to an inadequate programming of the cutting or packing patterns, can be substantial, and, in general, parts of these losses can be avoided only with a more eficient production planning, not resulting in additional investments in production processes. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of the Benders decomposition method, applied to the manufacturer and distributor pallet loading models. The manufacturer pallet loading model involves packing equal boxes on a pallet, so as to optimize its use. The distributor pallet loading model involves packing boxes of diferent sizes on a pallet, also a way to optimize its use. The approach based on Benders decomposition, defines a relaxation algorithm that partitions the original problem in two other problems easier to be solved. To check the effectiveness of the approach, computational tests were carried out by comparing the results with those obtained by a computational package composed of a modeling language (GAMS) and a last generation optimization solver (CPLEX ).
Caracterização magnética de filmes de cromo e cromocobalto preparados por eletrodeposição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-11)
Bertelli, Tiago Pulce
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Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8093554688176596
Magnetic properties of electrodeposited of chromium and chromium-cobalt thin films on cooper substrate were investigated. The samples were prepared without introduction of additives. This procedure following to samples with granular structure. Magnetization measurements as a function of applied magnetic field and temperature show that the magnetic behavior exhibit a strong dependence on the thickness of the electrodeposited film and the samples presents a superparamagnetic behavior associated with the formation of ferromagnetism surface.