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Processos formativos e reflexivos : contribuições para o desenvolvimento profissional de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12) Santos, Sydione; Mizukami, Maria da Graça Nicoletti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5842183482663246
This research falls within the ambit of the ones that deals with teacher education, professional development and reflective practice. It is a study about teacher education processes, through a reflective and inquisitive orientation, carried out in a program designed for teachers in their teaching environment. It studies the contributions provided by a continuing professional development program at Curso Normal Superior com Mídias Interativas (Higher Education Course with Interactive Media) for the development of the teachers reflective process. The research objectives converge into analyzing the relation between teacher education process and the meaning of this process to teachers, considering the reflective practice. The research objectives were: to analyze the contributions of the teacher education program for teachers reflective process; to apprehend, analytically, the relation between the education provided and the level of reflection demonstrated by teachers about their professional conduct; to examine and analyze the moments and situations of teachers reflection during the formative program; to indicate the potentialities of the analyzed cases for new proposals for teacher education. Thus, through a descriptive and interpretative perspective, it was conducted a multiple study case, seeking to understand and explain teachers development and the meaning of each stage, which is part of a complex whole. The analysis was conducted through a longitudinal and an in-depth perspective in order to capture the reflective development process. The written narratives, related to the theoretical-practical activities, became the device of the research as well as a strategy within the context of the program. The research indicates the following: the teacher education processes are integrated in a movement of interdependence and interaction, which makes possible the relation between the teacher s knowledge, built by him/her as a student, and the projection of a new teacher practice, born from the theoretical and practical knowledge obtained during the program; there is a rapid development of the teachers inquisitive attitude as a result of the observation processes and the problematization, intrinsic to the period of investigative-reflective process; the theoretical and practical advance are related to activities of action research conducted in schools; the scientific theory articulates with teacher s experience interferes on how teachers analyze their practices; the manifestations of reflection cross with personal motivations and wishes as well as preview experiences. It is also possible to conclude that the ones that took part of this research manifested different and complementary reflection characteristics towards the nature of the developed proposals, the kind of narratives used, the pedagogical mediation, the personal way of guiding education in the program, the way how they see themselves in their professional career, the objectives that guide the teacher practice, the curricular time and space available to analyze experiences. It is considered that those kinds of proposals present potentialities to delineate actions to the academic, professional and continuing education.
Sustentabilidade e qualidade do solo em propriedades de cana-de-açúcar orgânica e convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12) Oliveira, Fernanda Ribeiro de Andrade; Valarini, Pedro José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9101386053957180; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0761903520215074
Soil quality evaluation is an important strategy, as it allows producers to focus agriculture techniques to constantly develop and maintain adequate, selfsustainable productions equilibrium. This study evaluated rural activities environmental impact by the system APOIA-NovoRural, as well as the influence of different sugarcane production systems on soil quality through physical, chemical and biochemical indicators. Six sugarcane aguardente production establishments were selected in Piracicaba, Socorro, Jaguariúna, Holambra e Ribeirão Preto, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In each property two treatments were studied, sugarcane cultivated soil under organic or conventional system and, soil under native forest, taken as basal reference. The APOIA-NovoRural indicated better environmental performance on the organic than conventional system, emphasizing the establishments landscape ecology and administration. Most indicators pointed out better soil conservation contribution by organic system. Among them, aggregate stability (Ea), organic matter (MO), dehydrogenase (Des), polysaccharides (Poli) and microbial biomass (Bm) can be used as system sustainable indicators. Isolated values don t work as reliable and accurate indicators for soil conditions, however, when evaluated together through Principal Components Analysis (PCA), they are able to show the alterations occurring in the environment due to the different handling of the soil. Thus, the selected attributes can provide subsidy to a correct land use.
LER/DORT e fibromialgia : dificuldades diagnósticas. Avaliação dos sintomas músculoesqueléticos em eletricistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12) Alencar, Jeronimo Farias de; Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0414228339360513
This thesis presents papers developed during the Ph.D studies, expressed by an article accept for publication (Study I), and a second one submitted (Study II). Also preliminaries results are shown in a third study (Study III). In the beginning of the introduction of this thesis a contextualization of difficulties on the diagnosis of Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI)/ Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) and fibromyalgia is presented. These difficulties have justified the development of a study denominated Relevant Aspects on WMSD and Fibromyalgia diagnosis "(Study I). In this study 75 physicians, (36 assistants and 39 experts), answered structured and open questions about aspects that they consider relevant to the establishment of diagnosis of these two syndromes. The analysis of the results showed that general physicians tended to emphasize the factor clinical conditions and time elapsed , while occupational physicians tended to indicate occupational history as main factor for diagnosis of the WMSD. The results suggested, among other aspects, the necessity to take into account the risks at work as a differential aspect between RSI/WMSD and fibromialgia. Following our initial plan of work, we accomplished a new study that included evaluation of musculoskeletal symptoms and occupational risks. The chosen population was linemen who worked at an energy distribution company, as the risks present in their work have not been described in the literature. The study was entitled "Musculoskeletal symptoms in energy distribution linemen (Study II). 30 linemen from three different working sectors participated in this study. The results showed high number of musculoskeletal symptoms that varied according to the linemen' activities. Regarding the body areas affected, the shoulders presented higher discomfort rate. These results have motivated the development of the third study entitled Preliminary results of postural risks in power line electricians using inclinometry (Study III). In this study quantitative measurements of shoulder movements were carried out during five more frequent occupational activities, chosen by the analysis of a company routine recording of the occupational activities performed by the workers. Due to safety regulations, it was not possible to perform direct measurements of the workers while the power lines were energized. Thus, the recordings were performed at a technological center in which the occupational environment is reproduced for the workers training. In these centers the environment and activities are similar to the real ones but the lines are not energized to prevent electrical shock. 12 power workers from maintenance and emergency sectors (low tension) took part in the study. The preliminary results showed that the 5 analyzed activities presented postural risks for the development of musculoskeletal symptoms related at work. These studies gave us the possibility to investigate the clinical aspects for the establishing of the diagnosis of RSI/WMSD and fibromyalgia, to evaluate symptoms in workers at risk during occupational activities performed by electricians, as well as to quantify the level of postural overload related to WRMS occurrence in power men through direct measurements.
Estudo da ocorrência de fungos e da permeabilidade em revestimentos de argamassa em habitações de interesse social estudo de caso na cidade de Pitangueiras/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12) Beato Sobrinho, Mario Marques; Sales, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759662642180498
The construction of housing types of social concern in the city of Pitangueiras are built mostly by masonry system of self-supporting - not armed, noting that the ceramic elements mostly used are bricks (massive brick) or airbricks, and as these buildings are executed without any technical monitoring because of socioeconomic conditions that lead to this way, they eventually show all types of pathological manifestations. Relating to the pathological manifestations that come from households of social concern, the humidity rising in mortared coatings is one that most stands out mainly due to disability (or absence) of sealing in the foundations. However, some respiratory diseases are caused by fungi arising in the mould of mortared coatings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the permeability of mortared coatings in inhabitations of social concern, both in places with evidence of mould in homes and apparently sound. Also, it was tried to identify the fungi and establish relations with the occurrence of respiratory diseases in their inhabitants. The results were to assess the permeability in mortared coatings using method of testing the pipe (CSTC), classifying the homes of social interest, analyzed as "sick" or "sound". The term refers to sick with pathological manifestations and housing, the term sound healthy housing problems without pathological manifestations. It was also possible to identify the types of filamentous fungi present in the mould of coatings using the method of microbiological analysis. So it's necessary to have technical guidance in implementing the housing of social concern as regards mainly the system of sealing the foundations of painting and mortared coatings, minimizing the occurrence of diseases related respiratory to pathological manifestations found in this study.
Estrutura e propriedade luminescente da solução sólida de titanato de chumbo, estrôncio e cálcio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12) Milanez, Juliana; Varela, José Arana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1807399214239200
The lead, strontium and calcium titanate, (Pb, Sr, Ca)TiO3 (PSCT), is a solid material, which has its structure as a prototype of mineral perovskita (CaTiO3) with general formula ABX3. The solid solution of PSCT has been obtained by the polymeric precursor method and characterized by different techniques. Many of the properties observed for the titanates are directly related to the structure of the material, especially in regard to their organization. Therefore, knowing the material s degree of structural organization can help to predict its properties and possible applications. In this work it is presented a series of experimental trials that allowed us to evaluate the structural order at short, medium and long range of the material. Among those we can mentioned, DRX, FTRaman, XANES, spectroscopy in the UV-Vis region and photoluminescence emission. The study of structural order and disorder in the PSCT material, turned possible to characterize the effect of modifier lattice on the structure, linking the results to favorable conditions for the issuance of FL emission.
Síntese enzimática de ampicilina com diferentes substratos em reator integrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12) Leite, Geísa de Abreu; Giordano, Roberto de Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3337025140140050
Penicillin G acylase (PGA), EC 3.5.1.1.11, is an enzyme employed in the hydrolysis reactions of penicillin G to produce 6-amino penicillanic acid (6-APA), but it can also used in the synthesis of semi-synthetic antibiotics. This work investigated the influence of different biocatalysts conceptions and of different acyl donors on the ampicillin synthesis with immobilized PGA, determining experimentally yield data (antibiotic produced / consumed acyl donor), selectivity (antibiotic produced/D(-)-phenylglycine generated) and productivity (produced antibiotic (mmol)/UI/time). First of all, ampicilina synthesis were carried out in homogeneous solution (with substrates and products solubles), using industrial catalyst Recordatti, in order to verify the influence of the different acyl donors, D(-)- phenylgycine methyl (PGEM), ethyl (PGEE) and isopropyl (PGEI) esters on the synthesis of ampicillin. The results showed that the use of EEPG, besides not reducing the ampicillin synthesis rate, also it reduces the ester hydrolysis rate, showing great potential to increase the selectivity of the enzymatic route. The multipoint covalent attachment of PGA was carried out in agar-agarose support with medium diameter of 1.3 ± 7 × 10-2 mm. That biocatalyst was tested in the ampicillin synthesis at 25ºC with the methyl and ethyl esters, with the objective of evaluating its acting in two pH values (6.2 and 6.5). The ethyl ester presented the yield and selectivity (71 ± 4 and 2.2 ± 4 × 10-1) better than the phenylglycine methyl ester (67 ± 1 and 2.0 ± 1 × 10-1) being the pH 6,2 more favorable. Two different biocatalysts for use in the ampicillin synthesis with simultaneous crystallization of the products were tested: PGA immobilized within agarose particles with average diameter of 95.2 ± 3 × 10-1 μm and, soon after, wrapped by alginate gel, resulting in particles with average diameter of 2.1 ± 6 × 10-2 mm; and PGA immobilized in agarose ME particles (10% wt) with average diameter of 1.4 ± 8 × 10-2 mm. So much the envolvement of the immobilized enzyme by a secondary support (agarose-alginate catalyst) as the use of particles gel of millimetric dimensions (agarose 1.4 mm) caused modifications in the microambient of that enzyme, mainly in reason of the profiles of íons intra-particle generated with the progress of the reaction. In view of the above exposed, ampicillin synthesis were carried out in three different pHs (6.0; 6.2 and 6.5), at 25- °C, using the methyl, ethyl and isopropyl esters with excess of 6-APA. To reduce the hydrolyis of the produced antibiotic, making possible its industrial production, was necessary that it precipitates inside of the synthesis reactor. When we evaluated of global form the selectivity, yield and productivity we concluded that a promising strategy would be to carry out the synthesis using ethyl ester, alginate-PGA-agarose 6BCL catalyst in pH 6.2. By this condition was obtained productivity of 8.0 × 10-5 ± 8 × 10-6, selectivity 2.0 ± 2 × 10-1 and yield 62%. The reactions were also carried out with ester excess, however the selectivity was drastically reduced getting at 1.1 ± 6 × 10-2. The last stage of this work was the kinetic study of the ampicillin synthesis. Synthesis were carried out in several initial conditions of substrate concentration (6-APA and PGEE) in pH 6.0 and 6.2 with the alginate-PGA-agarose 6BCL catalyst. In some cases, ampicilin and D(-) -FG crystals were sowed in the reaction start to check possible inhibitory effects of the products. Largests yields and selectivities were obtained when the concentration of 6-APA was increased by the ester concentration. Inhibitory effect in the antibiotic hydrolysis was verified when a high concentration of both substrates was used. In general, the experiments carried out in heterogeneous medium favored the yield, selectivity and productivity. In all of the experiments the lowest pH (pH 6.0) favored the improvement of the yield and selectivity while the productivity was favored the pH 6.2. The synthesis in fed-batch reactor, with high concentration of substrates, favored the selectivity of the reaction, it passed from 2.5 to 3.5.
Aplicação de peneiras moleculares contendo cátions orgânicos em catálise básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12) Martins, Leandro; Cardoso, Dilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5782696565602340
This thesis was aimed at studying novel basic catalysts based on molecular sieves containing alkylammonium cations. The studied molecular sieves were faujasite zeolites (FAU) and mesoporous silicate (like MCM-41). The following parameters were evaluated: (1) different alkylammonium cations, (2) different amount of alkylammonium cations and (3) application of these catalysts in base catalyzed reactions. The study and application of these novel basic catalysts was a completely unexplored field, however one expects that the outstanding properties of these materials, recently revealed, may drive their application in the production of chemical specialties. The novel catalysts were compared in of Knoevenagel and Claisen-Schmidt condensation reactions and in the addition reaction of propylene oxide with methanol. During the preparation of the FAU zeolite containing alkylammonium cations the exchange equilibrium was readily achieved, even when using the most voluminous cation (CH3)4N+. For spatial reasons none of the alkylammonium cations exchanged all sodium cations from FAU zeolite, since the ion exchange was restricted to the super cage. Additionally, all cations were verified to be located in ion exchange sites, therefore the basic character arises essentially from the oxygen anions belonging to the zeolite framework. The novel catalysts showed a superior activity in the reactions in comparison to the zeolite containing cesium. Cesium, in the cationic form Cs+ exchanged in zeolites or dispersed as Cs2O, is the most studied element in the literature to generate strong basic sites, however under high costs. On the other hand, alkylammonium cations are of low cost. The mesoporous molecular sieve [CTA+]-SiMCM-41 (CTA+ is the structure directing agent) was used as synthesized and showed much higher performance. In this catalyst, basic sites were identified as siloxy anions in association to CTA+ cations (≡SiO-CTA+). Nonetheless, as pores were still occluded by the structure directing agent reaction took place necessarily in the pore mouth. These novel results open new perspectives of application of these molecular sieves, highly basic and of low cost.
Controle social: contexto e tendências dos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde em uma região do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12) Zambon, Vera Dib; Ogata, Márcia Niituma; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754826301739621
The Single Health System (SHS) was implemented in 1988 and it still presents challenges for its empowerment. One of its innovations is the Municipal Health Councils (MHC), but they couple with difficulties for full performance. The analysis of the role of these councils and their participation in the SHS may subside discussions for obeying this constitutional principle. The study developed evaluated the social control in six municipalities of Araraquara Health County, highlighting the organization and functioning of the MHC. Adopting a qualitative approach, data were collected by a documental search in the Araraquara Health County Headquarter and by semistructured interviews with 26 health counselors. The documental analysis was based on federal laws for creation, organization, and routine work of the MHC. The data of interviews were discussed using the following thematic categories: conception of social control, effective role of health counselors, juridical and organizational aspects of the MHC, and effectiveness and perspectives of social control. The Health Councils in the 6 municipalities were created in 1991, and in subsequent years four of them have changed their legal instruments. Only two of them have innovated in some procedures, such as election of the president, mandate non-coincident with local majors, administrative management and implementation of committees. Some council‟s regulations are in disagreement with local and federal laws (for instance, law 8142 and Resolution 333 of the National Health Council), such as the deliberative character, the parity representation of users, internal regiment, a municipal staff in charge of council presidency, and no guarantee of administrative and financial support for routine work. Some counselors do not have a clear knowledge about the meaning of social control as adopted by the SHS. The councils and health conferences are considered a must, but both must be empowered. The action of the counselors denotes a society with limited public involvement. The difficulties to obtain information and the lack of participation in workshops cause a limitation for performing their role. Sometimes these councils are manipulated for legitimating decisions of public health authorities and their administrative and financial organization also limit their autonomy. Despite recognizing the important function of the MHC, their results are below their potentialities. However, advancements can be observed such as the election for president, specific budget for council activities and widening of the opportunities for users‟ feedback by local management councils, meetings in specific boroughs, and discussions about the budget applied in health. One of the biggest challenges is the social demobilization and the need for social control in the SHS. It may be concluded that it is needed the investment in education including formal processes for exerting citizenship and adoption of innovative management practices. The background of public health workers needs adjustments for providing effective dialogue with users. There is also a need for definition of a politics for local social control to guarantee the empowerment of the MHC. Finally, it should also be mentioned the existence of the Management Regional Committee for improving partnerships for SHS social control.
Desconstrução mínima e renaturalização : estudo de caso córrego do Aleixo, Barretos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-12) Watanuki Filho, Adhemar; Francisco, José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3882023256298363
The interactions of man with nature begin a journey of constant changes in space. Cities as principal product of this process of deconstruction that seeks to analyze and understand in order to establish new forms of interventions concerned with the quality of the place. This practice of deconstruction space is still not understood which ensures the production of spaces marked by the use of the technique. Thus, if one replaces existing nature artificialized by nature. The present study aimed to analyze the perspective of the concepts of deconstruction minimum and the renaturation of Aleixo Stream, the city of Barretos-SP, because it has the attributes necessary to characterize the deconstructions, techniques and common problems that occur in urban streams . To develop the research, the stream in question was divided into five sections, from its source to its encounter with the treatment plant in the city, where aspects of deconstruction were evaluated from the perspective of land use, water and border areas green. Other aspects evaluated were the interventions proposed by the Municipality, with the design of Vale Avenue Fund, that instead of proposing a renaturation replace part of the heritage and border water, with foreclosures, such as point solutions to the problems of urban drainage the municipality. These flooding problems are perhaps an 'alert', instituted by nature, and that can be solved, provided that the anthropic action applied to these spaces is done in a more conscious and socially engaged. To do so, the application of the concepts of deconstruction is the minimum that can ensure the production of balanced spaces. And in cases where the "works" engineering is already consolidated, the use of instruments of intervention as the renaturation becomes essential in the design of more natural environments.