Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2008-12-15"

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Roteamento dinâmico de veículos: análise do impacto em atividades de prestação de serviço
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-15)
Lazarin, Daniel França
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Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1495222500800817
In recent years, several studies have been revising static distribution models used by companies in order to incorporate intrinsic dynamic features of transport operations. Thanks to new technologies such as global positioning systems and wireless communications, vehicle routes elaborated in the beginning of the planning horizon can be altered in real time in order to serve new requests, avoid traffic jams, or find alternatives when some of the fleet vehicles are late or broke. In this way, realistic solutions of better quality are expected to be obtained from the company´s point of view (smaller costs) as well as from the customers´ (better service level). The main objective of this work is to analyze the impacts resulting from the incorporation of dynamic vehicle routing and scheduling in service production systems where the due dates for service is a prioritary issue. Specifically, we tackled the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem, where route plans are elaborated in a planning horizon. Initially, the definition and characteristics of dynamic problems are presented along with a review of some of the main contributions in the literature. We propose a heuristic based on Pureza and Laporte´s algorithm (2008) in order to obtain routes in real time. The relative impact of the heuristic application to other methods is analyzed by means of a set of generated instances from the data supplied by a drink company in São Paulo State.
Efeito da inflamação articular aguda sobre a morfologia e a expressão gênica dos músculos sóleo e tibial anterior de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-15)
Ramirez, Liliana Carolina Ramirez
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Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4391969032505723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2618210083336317
Clinic evidences show that joint injuries affect muscles related to that joint making them more sensitive to atrophy and loss of force. However, muscle molecular responses in those conditions has not been investigated yet. Objective: To evaluate the effects of tibiotarsal acute joint inflammation on the expression of genes related to muscle atrophy (atrogin-1 and MuRF-1), differentiation and growing (MyoD) and mass regulation (myostatin) in soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) rat muscles. Changes in muscular crosssectional area (CSA) will also be identified. Methods: Fifteen Wistar rats were randomized and divided into three groups: 1) Control, 2) Inflammation, 3) Sham. A 0.03 ml of τ-carragenan or saline solution was injected into right tibiotarsal joint, in both Inflammation and Sham groups, respectively. The muscle fiber CSA analysis was performed in soleus and TA muscles. Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate gene expression in soleus and TA muscles, after 48 h of inflammation or effusion joint induction. Results: No significant changes were observed either in muscle and animal weights or in muscle fiber CSA among the groups (p>0.05). The Inflammation group enhanced atrogin-1, MuRF-1 and myostatin gene expressions; however, it decreased MyoD expression in TA muscle. On the other hand, the soleus muscle increased MuRF-1 and MyoD expressions. The Sham group presented an increase of atrogin-1 and myostatin in the TA, while soleus muscle decreased myostatin and enhanced MyoD expression. Conclusion: Both the tibiotarsal acute joint inflammation and the effusion regulate the expression of the genes related to atrophy, differentiation and mass control in rat muscles differently. In addition, this regulation between fast (TA) and slow (soleus) twitch muscles is done differently.
Avaliação da contaminação de alface (Lactuca sativa) por coliformes termotolerantes e Escherichia coli em sistemas de cultivo orgânico e convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-15)
Lotto, Mariana de Castro
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Valarini, Pedro José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9101386053957180
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3446310803696904
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the most consumed vegetable in Brazil, being classified as an important food, to be a rich source of vitamins. According to the practices adopted, its cultivation can be organic or conventional. However, lettuce can be a transmitter of pathogenic microorganisms to humans, as thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli, since it is in contact with these contaminants often present in soil, water, in natural inputs (poultry litter) providing their development and survival. This research aimed to assess quantitatively the presence of thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli in water for irrigation and washing water, and the not washed and washed lettuce, grown under organic and conventional systems. The samples were collected in ten farms, five under organic and five under conventional systems, located at the cities of Ibiúna, Jaguariúna, Campinas e Morungaba - SP. In the laboratory, the samples were submitted to the analysis by the technique of counting the Most Probable Number. The results show that water for irrigation was considered one of the main factors responsible for contamination of lettuce, as showed by the presence ofhigh rate of thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli, independent of the cultivation system. However, the conventional system had been showing levels of contamination by thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli in water higher thanin organic system. In lettuce, pre washing contributed to the reduction of contamination by thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli in the product; however contamination by thermotolerant coliforms was considered high in the both cultivation systems. Moreover, others practices used in the farm such as personal hygiene, the inappropriate use of compost and the presence of animals in the areas of crops are source of contamination.
Proposta de um método de participação da produção utilizando o desenvolvimento enxuto de produto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-16)
Campos, Telmo Ribeiro de
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Silva, Sérgio Luis da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4164265591178698
Lean manufacturing tools are well known and implemented to eliminate waste and improve materials flow throughout a production process. These lean principles are now studied and applied to product development process (PDP), aligned to the company s needs to develop and launch new products with lower cost and increased speed. Therefore, the objective of the present dissertation is to propose a production preparation procedure, that emphasizes: the significance of the manufacturing team s participation from project inception by sharing its experience, requirements and constraints; the vision of operational value stream delivery as a result of PDP and value creation related to customer and other stakeholders perception. To validate this proposal, a comparative application took place using a previous project from the company that was studied. Procedure comprehensiveness was assessed by questionnaire sent to professionals from other divisions, in addition to the division team. It was concluded that the proposed procedure is: feasible, updated and applicable; capable of contributing to waste, rework and project time reduction and helpful for sharing manufacturing lean concepts knowledge and expertise with other team members and product development stakeholders.
Modelos de sistemas agroflorestais com fins apícolas para o município de Pedreira-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-17)
Cassiani, Leopoldo Nobile
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Stolf, Rubismar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436951279203355
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9218276097823345
The rural area of the municipality of Pedreira presents its fragmented landscape caused by agricultural expansion occurred in the region at the time of deploying cafezais and then pastures. Thus a proposal for agroforestry systems with potential beekeeping presents itself as a highly recommended strategy in the recovery of degraded areas coupled with the increase of income through beekeeping addition to environmental services generated by the activity. The general objectve of this study was to draw up designs for agroforestry purposes with bee and analyze the specific objective ethnobotanical knowledge of farmers and beekeepers on local conditions, as a starting point for implementation and execution of plans for recovery of degraded areas, with focus in Areas of Protection Permanent and Legal Reserve. The proposal agroforestry systems with potential beekeeping are likely to be implemented considering the multifunctional to serve, from the legal aspects, ecological, economic and social.
Estudo da previsibilidade de tonalidades na decoração em vidrados transparentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-18)
Gibertoni, Claudia
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
This study aimed to streamline the use and provide for the tone in the implementation of the decoration in glazed. The industry of traditional ceramics uses a range of dyes and pigments for the decoration of products. Often, it has sought empirical way of reducing the number of pigments, creating a palette of colors optimized to meet the needs of decorative glazed ceramic, reproducing the largest possible number of shades. The main objective of this work was the development of a methodology to provide a certain tone, even during the stage of the project decorative graphics in place to empiricism, until now very common in the industry of tiles. The work involved, initially, experiments with formulations combining dyes, basic glass and vehicle. A series of dyes, dosing methods, industrial paints, reproduced paints in laboratory and commercial products, as well graphic print were evaluated. The dyes were physico-chemical characterized and in addiction the resulting glazes were characterized by the colour of reflectance with spectrophotometer, creating a database of chromatic coordinates (L*, a* and b*). Different colour models, such as RGB (digital image), CMYK (graphic print) and CIE- L*a*b* (ceramic sample) were compared. Based on the database and Kubelka-Munk Theory, a series of calculation were made to adjust the product tonalities to the foreseen tonalities and the captured image. The results showed that some colours presented higher deviation than those obtained in the case of the monitor, paper and sample, specially the black and green. No linear behavior was observed with the addition of the dyes. The evaluation of the dosing method of the dyes (weight percent or volume percent), showed no difference between them. The calculation for the foreseen tonalities showed that the Kubelka-Munk Theory is difficult to be applied for transparent and semi-transparent glazes.
Aplicação de redes neurais artificiais no setor de transportes no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-18)
Corrêa, Fernanda
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6290382658321885
The development of Artificial Neural Networks in the Brazilian´s Sector of Transports comes carrying through great done in what it refers to the promotion of the use of the technique in the solution of problems found in this area. Artificial Neural Networks are computational techniques with capacity to simulate the cerebral activity human being, making future forecasts from the analysis of data. This technique, throughout the years comes greatly stimulating the research in planning of transports in such a way in the exterior how much in Brazil. As objective, this work brings an exploratory research, trying to lift the state of the art of the use and application of the technique Artificial Neural Networks in the Section of Transports in Brazil, drawing a comparison of what has been accomplished at the developed countries and in Brazil. In Brazil, the ANNs had started to be developed in the Sector of Transports for return of the years of 1990, today, the research in this area is generating important works very for the planning of transports, however, the technique of Artificial Neural Networks still has much to be improved better to be used as administrative tools in the country.
Método para análise interna das organizações : uma abordagem a partir da Resource-Advantage Theory
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-18)
Rossi, Ricardo Messias
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Silva, Andrea Lago da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7803210668880380
Managers use strategic planning in order to design the ways to get the organizational goals. In a competitive environment the organizations aim to overcome their competitors and to obtain superior financial performance. In order to reach this superior financial performance, the organizations manage their resources so as they can obtain a position of competitive advantage in the marketplace. Thus, the resource management is an important activity in the organizations and the internal analysis is a process that can support this activity. Methods and frameworks to support strategic analyses are no novelty in the business environment. In different intensities these structures of analyses are built up from theoretical knowledge and concepts. In this thesis it is proposed a set of steps to facilitate the strategic competitive planning of organizations. This set of steps was turned into a managerial framework of organizations internal analysis, using the Resource-Advantage Theory as theoretical basis. Thus, the main goal of this thesis was to develop a method, departing from the resource concept, for internal analysis of companies that are embedded in a context of market competition. Exploratory and qualitative research was carried out. Departing from literature review related to the theme, a preliminary method of internal analysis was built then validated and improved by means of collected data from field research. The field research consisted of six case studies with companies working in the area of agrochemicals industry in Brazil. The final version of the internal analysis method is made of six steps. The study contributes theoretically by discussing several concepts related to the Resource-Based Theory and the Resource-Advantage Theory. As a result, the study proposes a way of operationalization of the resource concept (that is a gap observed by some authors). Managerially speaking, the study contributes by providing the administrators with a method of analysis that supports decisions related to organizational resources management.
Piauí: brasilidade e memória no jogo discursivo contemporâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-18)
Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Varoni de
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Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
Supported on Discourse Analysis theoretical references derived from Michel Pêcheux and on the discourse studies proposed by Michel Foucault and Jean-Jacques Courtine, the research aims at following and evaluating the first thirteen editions of Revista piauí, whose first number was released in October, 2006, and at recognizing in this publication the installation of a discursive occurrence. As a hypothesis, we have guided ourselves by the fact that Revista piauí proposes a disruption in contemporary reading practices, which are sometimes characterized by the predominance of pictures and utilization of short objective texts that are addressed to readers who have little time to inquire. Against this order, piauí resists e defines itself as a magazine for those who like to read. The magazine proposes the retaking of literary journalism, which is characterized by long authorial reports. Methodologically, we have selected the linguistic regularities in order to identify the discursive formation the magazine has adopted. We have analyzed, based upon the notion of discursive genre proposed by Bakhtin style, compositional structure and thematic content , the genre subversions and their effects of meaning. In addition, we have also tried to identify Revista piauí resistance fields on themes, language, reading practices. We have considered the concept of resistance as according to Michel Foucault: there is not any single power in society, but a relation of powers and resistances. From this relation among powers and resistances, we have tried to identify the presence of the interdiscourse the discursive memory that penetrates through the new publication. piauí has adopted a 1960 s resistance journalism, which was mainly symbolized by O Pasquim, a weekly publication that reflected Southern Rio de Janeiro city lifestyle. Considering that the nomination piauí refers to the smallest and poorest state of Brazilian Federation and that the new magazine title comes from a Tupi-Guarani-originated expression, some final conclusions assign to the magazine an anthropophagous approach that makes piauí spread Brazility files, and the magazine irruption is linked with a feasible place for the Brazilian experience in the actual context.
Caracterização de mutantes de Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 obtidos por aplicação de radiação UV e tratamento químico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-18)
Vasconcelos, Eliton da Silva
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Hokka, Carlos Osamu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4092185365457795
The clavulanic acid is a powerful inhibitor of the beta-lactamases produced by bacterias resistants to penicillin and cefalosporin. This acid is produced industrially by strains of Streptomyces clavuligerus in complex medium whose carbon and nitrogen source are supplied by inexpensive substances that provide high production. The clavulanic acid has a high affinity for enzymes that attach to penicillin derivatives, what enable to be used with semi-synthetic penicillin, being the combination with amoxilin the best exemple of substances inhibitor of beta-lactamases. The genetic improvement using physical and chemical agents is a necessary strategy in programs of production of bioactive metabolit whereas the industrial strains lost its productivity due phenomenon of genetic instability. In this work it appraised morphologic and biochemistry characteristic of some mutant strains obtained by treatment with UV light and with MMS, always comparing the caracteristics of the mutants with the wild type (Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064). The results indicated that the mutations originated strains with differents phenotypes, and the larger changes were demonstrated through mutants strains AC116, MMS 150 and MMS 54, that exhibited absence of pigmentation in its mature spores. The strains MMS 150 presented a larger production of AC when cultured in semisynthetics mediums. Among the others mediums the wild type strain obtained a larger production, however when used the modifed complex medium, the MMS 150 strain showed changes in its lipolitic activity and a larger production of AC.
Estudo citogenético clássico e molecular em quinze espécies da tribo Ancistrini (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) de três bacias hidrográficas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Mariotto, Sandra
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Moreira Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4363800824135100
The Loricariidae Family is the second largest family of fresh water fish with approximately 700 species. Among the Loricariidae, the Ancistrini tribe distinguishes itself with 217 valid species distributed in the neotropical region. The catfish of this group measure an average of 15 centimeters in length and have moveable evertible odontodes in the operculum region. Cytogenetic studies have been made in only 10% of the species. In this study, fifteen species, two of the genus Lasiancistrus and thirteen of the genus Ancistrus were cytogenetically analyzed. Besides the classic analyses of cytogenetic, the technique of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to locate the regions of rDNA 5S and 18S in seven species of the genus Ancistrus. The results showed diploid numbers of 2n=34, 40, 42, 50, 52 and 54 chromosomes. In the species of the genus Lasiacistrus, the diploid number was 2n=54 chromosomes, and there were simple NORs and some small blocks of constitutive heterochromatin. There were no chromosomic differences observed between males and females but there were distinct cytotypes among the species. The results are compared with analyses made with other genera of the Ancistrini group. In the genus Ancistrus diversity of species and chromosomic variation is surprising. In the species Ancistrus cuiabae chromosomic polymorphism and rDNA 18S were observed. The event that is probably responsible for this chromosomic polymorphism was a pericentric inversion. In four species of distinct populations chromosomic heteromorphism and constitutive heterochromatin were verified, thus suggesting that two populations possess XX/XY and ZZ/ZW sexual chromosomes. The nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) that appeared in the presence of silver nitrate were simple in all the species, located in the terminal and interstitial region of the chromosomes. With the FISH technique it was possible to confirm the data obtained with AgNOR in seven species. In respect to rDNA 5S the results were very diversified with only one pair of chromosomes marked, in Ancistrus sp 06; two pairs in A. sp 04, A. sp 08 and A. sp 13; three pairs in A. cuiabae, A. claro and A. cf. dubius. The cístrons observed in rDNA 5S and 18S were syntenic in four of the seven species analyzed. Using technique of C band it was possible to verify the blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were few in number and small in size in the species with diploid numbers 2n=50 to 54, but were bigger and stained in an evident manner in the species with chromosomic polymorphisms, sexual chromosomes and 2n=34 to 42 chromosomes. Besides the highly variable diploid number, the Ancistrini tribe has simple and multiple sexual chromosomes systems. In this study we confirmed the occurrence of chromosomic polymorphism, of rDNA 18S and of constitutive heterochromatin in new species. For the first time fluorescent in situ hybridization was done in the Ancistrini tribe and it confirmed the diversity existent, especially in the genus Ancistrus, which is the most derived of the tribe. With these results it was to infer that the species of the genus Ancistrus with diploid numbers 2n=50 to 54 chromosomes are more primitive than the others founded in the Baixada Cuiabana with intense sedimentation. New analyses, using molecular techniques could help in understanding the phylogeny and evolution of this diversified group of Loricariidae.
O estado da arte da produção científica em educação especial na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) : um estudo bibliométrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Pizzani, Luciana
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Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3032047891648218
Special Education approach and its interfaces with other knowledge areas are evidenced through the diverse scientific production consolidated in scientific journals besides national and international databases. In the present work, a bibliometric analysis of Special Education scientific production was done in the databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), coordinated by BIREME a specialized center of the Pan American Health Organization, which promotes the dissemination and use of scientific information in health. The proposed methodology was developed in four phases, namely: a) literature review on special education and bibliometrics to theoretically support the research; b) data collection in the bases LILACS, MEDLINE, BBO, BDENF, MEDCARIB, PAHO and WHOLIS; c) organization and bibliometric treatment of the collected data by using the software Vantage Point and MS Excel for bibliometric analysis besides preparation of graphs and tables; d) result analysis, recovering exposed concepts in the theoretical pattern to support the obtained data analyses and interpretations. The following bibliometric indicators were produced in the Medline basis: English is the predominant language; most of the records had individual authorship; the record type is scientific paper; the predominant descriptor was Special Education; the main theme in journals was Medicine; and the most frequent country was The United States. As regards the databases LILACS, BBO, BDENF, MEDCARIB, PAHO, and WHOLIS, the indicators were represented as follows: Portuguese was the predominant language; most records had individual authorship; the predominant type is the original paper; the main themes were Special Education, People presenting disabilities, mental retardation, Brazil, mental handicap education, people presenting impaired hearing, Education, Learning, Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Centers, Hearing Education and Disorders; the mostly found themes in journals were psychology and development psychology, and the country with the largest number of records is Brazil. Results indicated the interface among Health Sciences, Information Science and Special Education, which allowed viewing of the state of the art in Special Education in the VHL databases, besides contributing to the dissemination of these databases to researchers in the field as an important scientific information source.
Cursos de Administração e políticas de avaliação do ensino superior no estado de São Paulo (1995-2006)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Aragão, José Euzébio de Oliveira Souza
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Tancredi, Regina Maria Simões Puccinelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7942182121890152
Le thème de cette étude est l'évaluation institutionnelle, en mettant l'accent sur des cours de premier cycle en administration. Vise à établir si les politiques de l'évaluation de l'enseignement supérieur de plomb, selon les gestionnaires de programmes d'études supérieures dans l'administration, dans l'amélioration de leur efficacité. Qu'est-ce que les gestionnaires pensent, d'évaluer, et ce qu'ils font de ces politiques visent aussi à ce travail. Les politiques d'évaluation, soit au plus haut niveau, ou de base à moyen et à améliorer la qualité de l'éducation. La Constitution fédérale et LDB sur la question de la qualité de l'éducation. Le document examine l'évolution de la notion de qualité, de leur application pour les entreprises et les limites et les possibilités d'application au contexte éducatif. Il est basé sur des concepts théoriques de l'éducation et le déroulement de mesure politique et l'analyse économique et sociale à l'évaluation de la politique l'enseignement supérieur au Brésil, depuis le milieu des années 1990, le Président Fernando Henrique Cardoso et a changé le gouvernement du président Luis Inacio Lula da Silva. Nous soulignons dans cette étude, les tests mis en oeuvre dans les deux gouvernements, la Commission nationale d'examen des cours (ENC), largement connu sous le nom de Provão et le Conseil national de l'examen du rendement des étudiantes et étudiants (ENADE) et les évaluations des programmes de premier cycle, qui s'appelle aujourd'hui l'évaluation des conditions de vie l'éducation. Nous avons utilisé la recherche qualitative, en utilisant de multiples études de cas, en utilisant l'analyse documentaire et des entrevues avec les gestionnaires de l'administration de quatre cours d'établissements d'enseignement supérieur: deux universités (l'un public et une foi, un centre et un corps professoral de l'université privé) pour atteindre notre objectif. Le travail montre les difficultés et les limites de l'application de la notion de qualité de l'éducation. Faits saillants de la pertinence et l'importance de l'évaluation des politiques de la reconfiguration de l'administration des cours au Brésil et insiste sur les améliorations apportées au cours de l'enquête de parler gestionnaires.
Avaliação da diversidade e estrutura genética de Micoureus paraguayanus (Didelphidae) em fragmentos de mata atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Guedes, Fátima Becker
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3381037823840080
Habitat fragmentation is one of the main results of human alterations on nature. Understanding the biological consequences of this process is essential to reach the goal of conserving natural resources. The aim of this project was to assess levels of diversity and genetic structure of a population of the marsupial Micoureus paraguayanus, in forest remnants of a Semi-Decidual Estational Forest in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo. This variation was evaluated in ten microsatellite loci scored in 95 individuals sampled from six habitat fragments, including the Morro do Diabo State Forest. Genetic diversity in each subgroup was estimated by considering the average number of alleles (6,1 overall) and heterozygosity (0,488 when averaging all subpopulations). The latter was lower than values described in the literature for non-inbred populations on average. The number of alleles of three loci were also lower than what was observed for other population from the same species. So, on average, diversity was slightly lower than observed elsewhere. We detected a significant positive correlation (R = 0,087; P = 0,003) between genetic and geographic distances of populations of the fragments. The high number of migrants per generation (Nm) indicates historic gene flow between the analyzed populations. In spite of that, significant values of Fst and Rst were detected between some of the populations. A significant genetic differentiation was detected between Santa Teresa, Santa Maria and Ponte Branca. To analyze the genetic structure of this population we used the softwares Tess and Structure, which indicated tree clusters in the population of M paraguayanus sampled, which are associated with the three populations previously mentioned. These localities were the smallest and most disturbed fragments evaluated in this study and their differences probably indicate that the recent fragmentation process about 60 years could be responsible for promoting changes, by founder effect or bottleneck, in the genetic composition of the studied population.
A concepção de homem no Behaviorismo radical e suas implicações para a tecnologia do comportamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Melo, Camila Muchon de
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015798975492836
B. F. Skinner describes and explains the human behavior through the causal model of selection by consequences. According to this model, the human behavior is the product of the interaction among three levels of variability and selection (phylogeny, ontogeny and culture). According to this explanation, the cultural contingencies enable the rising and maintenance of behaviors that may produce consequences which strengthen a culture and these are the behaviors which participate as operant behaviors in the constituting of a cultural practice. The Man is a product of three processes of variation and selection. Within this, especially due to the third level, he is a Man that may also plan new variations which may perform a role on the strengthening of a culture and therefore he must plan contingencies so that the behavior produces the good of the culture. The cultural planning directed to the survival of the culture elicits questionings on the Behavioral Technology proposed to enable the insertion of new cultural practices. Thus, this study had the objective of investigating if the conception of Man in Radical Behaviorism in Skinner s works, interpreted as a commitment with the good of the culture, is consistent with the proposal of this author of a Behavioral Technology. Aspects of Science and Ethics based on the Philosophy of Radical Behaviorism have been investigated. Moreover, some examples of behavioral technology based on this philosophy have illustrated our analyses in the defense of a technology which produce consequences which may strengthen a culture. Using methods of text analyses and of epistemological-hermeneutic, texts from the author previously selected which refer to the concepts of Man, culture, science, ethics and technology have been analyzed in order to identify the inconsistencies, clarify or explain the conception of Man and Behavioral Technology proposed by the model of selection by consequences of the Skinner s Radical Behaviorism.
Análise de projetos de melhoria da produção: concepção de ferramenta estruturada e estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-19)
Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
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Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
The capacity to improve the processes has been considered as an important factor for the companies competitiveness. However, the improvement activities don't happen spontaneously, people involved must have knowledge and abilities, besides domain on techniques and methods to achieve the improvement. Therefore, the company needs to invest in training, to make possible that the people involved in improvement projects dedicate time, and to support with financial and organizational resources. This investment will be applied to accomplish improvement projects, but, however, how to verify if the efforts are being used in an effective way? For that, it is necessary to measure the efforts allocated for the accomplishment of the activities and to compare with the obtained results. The importance of this study is its contribution for the evaluation of improvement projects. Besides, the theme has relevance, considering the shortage of works that analyze the factors involved for the accomplishment of improvement actions, quantify them and compare with the obtained results. The bases for that investigation are the descriptions found in the literature, they present the efforts involved for the improvement accomplishment and the possible results. For the investigation, some approaches were analyzed, like Total Quality Management, Kaizen and Six Sigma, identifying the efforts that each one judges necessary for the improvement and to achieve results. All these information helped to create a structured tool to measure and to characterize the improvement projects. To use the tool are necessary some procedures, of rising and analysis data related to the projects efforts and results. This work was developed using multiple cases study, were investigated four companies, which have improvement culture disseminated, guaranteed by the use of programs like Lean Production and Six Sigma, allowing an analysis of different improvement project types. It was verified that utilizing the tool developed in this research was possible to evaluate the improvement projects, verifying the relation between efforts and results.
Adequação de calçadas e travessias às condições mínimas de acessibilidade : um procedimento para estimativa de custos de serviços e obras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-22)
Guerreiro, Pablo José Martinelli
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Ferreira, Marcos Antonio Garcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643134259454260
Abstract: This study presents a procedure used to determine the cost of adapting sidewalks and urban crossings through cost quantification of work needed to repair or rebuild a sidewalk segment and to adapt its crossing. The necessary work was estimated in accordance with Calçada Cidadã standards, a project elaborated by the city administration of Vitória, ES, Brazil. The sidewalk quality was assessed by determining the level of required work according to procedures and recommendations described in Ferreira & Sanches (2005). Based on these sidewalk and quality assessment models a computer program prototype was developed to assess the quality of public spaces and to determine the necessary amount of work, and its corresponding cost, to make them more accessible. In order to test the prototype and assess its viability a case study was carried out in São Carlos, SP, Brazil. It assessed the conditions of a sidewalk segment of this city s downtown streets and determined the cost of improvement work needed to make it accessible to all pedestrians.
Avaliação química e ecotoxicológica de efluentes químicos, visando seu reuso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-12-30)
Georgetti, Maísa Sanches
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6383670319658296
Educação em saúde realizada por profissionais da saúde à familiares de crianças com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-12)
Nagliate, Patrícia de Carvalho
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Emmel, Maria Luisa Guillaumon
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3321694448032184
In the health promotion context, health education is very important and indispensable in the health professional practice. The health education still needs improvement in its applicability, in order to provide better quality of life and health of individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP). The CP is a permanent movement and posture disorder, due to a non-progressive brain lesion at the life beginning, which promotes several driven dysfunctions, causing limitations in the movements and daily living activities. Therefore, the health professional has to promote understanding of the health-care and disease, through health education to the families of these children. There is a lack of relevant literature about how is being done the health education process to the families. The purpose of this work was to identify how the health professionals are practicing the health education process to the CP child family. The study was conducted at institutions that serve children with CP, the samples were 07 health professionals and 07 CP child relatives that living in a country city of São Paulo Brazil. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and observation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members and professionals, with the aim of obtaining information about how the health education process is being conducted from the participants point of view. Also, it was carried out systematic observation of the two professional action during the interaction between two CP child families while the care was conducted. Being an exploratory descriptive study based on the qualitative referential was possible, through the transcript of the interviews and simplified analysis of the results contents, with the professionals analysis to get five themes: 1. Relationship; 2. Institution; 3. Professional s routine in the CP children serve; 4. Teach methodology; 5. Health education with the categories and two sub-categories. And with the familiar analysis, two themes: 1. Understanding the cerebral palsy and; 2. How the parents facing up to cerebral palsy children care, with yours categories. With the results it was concluded that the health education practice are realized, but it still has mistakes. This happen because it is a complex situation that involve the participants world making the perfect practice execution difficult. Therefore, the mentioned subject matter could offer important contributions to make a better health professional aware in the moment and form to approach and to mix with CP s familiar. So, this will promote a confidence relation and the continuity of health education practice at home with the purpose to reach a better quality of life for this children and the parents.
Diversidade funcional: como incluir a variação intraespecífica e o efeito do fogo em comunidades vegetais do cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-01-19)
Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius
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Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
Biological diversity may influence the structure and functioning of communities in several ways, for example, altering the species resource complementarity. However, traditional diversity measures (such as species richness or diversity indices as Shannon or Simpson) have being considered as rough biodiversity estimators. In that sense, several authors suggest that measures taking in account phylogenetic or functional relationships among species would be better predictors than those traditional measures. We can split this thesis in three fractions relatively distinct. The first, compounded by the first chapter, is a brief review on the properties of two promising approaches in Ecology measures of phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. We present and discuss briefly the major concepts, approaches and applications of these measures that are relatively new to Community Ecology. Podemos divir esta tese em três partes relativamente distintas. The second part, represented by the second chapter, is more theoretical and suggests a simple manner to incorporate the intraspecific variability in functional traits in a functional diversity measure. In this chapter, we demonstrate throught simulations and using empirical data, that it is possible to include the functional variability existing within local populations, and also the variability that exists among populations occurring in disticnt geographical areas. The third section is compoused by the third and fourth chapters where we investigated the effects of different fire frequencies in the structure of cerrado communities. How does fire structures the cerrado woody species in terms of their relatedness and functional traits? In the third chapter we analised the phylogenetic and functional diversities of the cerrado woody species under annual fires, biannual fires, and under fire exclusion for 12 years. We discuss the consequences of an increasing in fire frequency upon these diversities, and also which is the contribution of rare species to those measures. We found that under annual fires functional diversity is reduced significantly, that is, fire selects similar individuals in their functional traits when compared to communities under biannual or fire exclusion. Therefore, high frequency fire is an environmental filter selecting functionally similar species. Also, we show that rare species are important to this diversity. However, we did not find any difference for phylogenetic diversity, that is, different fire frequencies do not change species relatedness in average. Therefore, functional diversity might be somehow independent from evolutionary history. In the fourth chapter we studied the herbaceous-undershrubby species. We investigated the effects of different fire frequencies in total above-ground biomass and also the biomass of functional groups (the tussock grass Tristachya leiostachya Nees, other grasses, woody species, and dry biomass) in savannas subjected to annual fires, biennial fires, and protected from fire in a 12 yr period. Protection from fire during 12 yr resulted in the accumulation of total biomass, which was more than twofold higher in the protected site than in the annually burned site. The negative correlation of T. leiostachya with other grasses and woody species in the annually burned site supports the idea that frequent fires favor this species, and may indicate an outcompeting effect. Therefore, knowledge not only about biomass but especially about its functional components is important to provide a better understanding of the processes and consequences involving different burning strategies.