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Citogenética clássica e molecular em peixes neotropicais. Estudos comparativos entre bacias hidrográficas com ênfase em região de transposição de rio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-19) Silva, Elisangela Bellafronte da; Moreira Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9770317966023000
Basic and molecular cytogenetic studies were carried out in a few fish species from family Parodontidae: Apareiodon ibitiensis, A. piracicabae, A. affinis, A. vladii, Apareiodon sp. Parodon nasus and Parodon hilarii. All were collected in distinct hydrographic basins, with emphasis in a river transposition area, more specifically of the Piumhi River. Apareiodon. ibitiensis from the Upper Paraná River and Apareiodon sp. A from the São Francisco River presented the same chromosomal characteristics, as also observed in A. piracicabae in relation to Apareiodon sp. B. The presence of simple sex chromosomes of the ZZ/ZW type was verified in A. ibitiensis and Apareiodon sp., where the presence of the heterochromatin that originated the W chromosome was identified through C-band staining with propidium iodide. Fluorescent in situ hybridizations (FISH) with 18S and 5S ribosomal DNAs were performed in A. affinis, A. piracicabae and A. ibitiensis, resulting in a single chromosome pair marked with 5S rDNA in the three species, all in distinct chromosome pairs. The 18S rDNA is also present in one pair in A. affinis and A. piracicabae, but was polymeric among A. ibitiensis populations. While the 18S rDNA is more conserved in the Parodontidae species, the 5S rDNA may be considered a cytotaxonomical character for the group. FISH with pPh2004 satellite DNA isolated from P. hilarii was also performed in A. piracicabae, A. ibitiensis, A. vladii, A. affinis, Apareiodon sp. and P. nasus, but markings were only found in P. nasus. and A. affinis. When compared to other species where FISH with pPh2004 was carried out, two groups form: 1) the presence of this DNA in all the Parodon species, and 2) the absence in almost of the analyzed Apareiodon species, suggesting the maintenance of these genera. After the chromosomal characterization and confirmation of the species Apareiodon ibitiensis and Apareiodon piracicabae, besides Parodon nasus in distinct localities of the São Francisco River basin (regions of the Três Marias and the Piumhi River transposition), a cytogenetic tracking of the Parodontidae species in this hydrographic basin was made possible, which can be justified through natural (Piumhi Pantanal) and anthropogenic (Piumhi River transposition) connections between the Upper Paraná and the São Francisco River basins. Besides the Parodontidae species, Gymnotiformes species (Eigenamnnia virescens and Gymnotus sylvius) also described for the Upper Paraná basin are distributed in the São Francisco basin, and the transfer probably occurred through the Pantanal or the transposition. Cytogenetic analyses with a larger number of tools in the family Parodontidae was important for a better understanding of the evolution of this fish group, besides having been an important tool in the comparison of allopatric Parodontidae, Gymnotidae and Sternopigydae species present in the Upper Paraná and São Francisco River basins.
Características temporais da concentração de material particulado na atmosfera da cidade de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-19) Pozza, Simone Andréa; Coury, José Renato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5530984461673946
The city of São Carlos, of medium size of São Paulo State, can be considered as representative of the Brazilian Southeast area, with agricultural activities practically equivalent to the industrial ones. As part of that profile, it possesses a series of sources of atmospheric pollution that include a considerable fleet of vehicles, agricultural burns and several industrial emissions. The time evolution of this environmental pollution has been reason of concern, once it can cause damages to the human health and to the environment. The present work studied these time characteristics, specifically for the case of particulate matter (PM) suspended in the atmosphere, from experimental data and through statistical models. The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 in the city of São Carlos were collected and analyzed. The period of study comprises the years from 1997 to 2006 for PM10 and from 2001 to 2006 for PM2,5 and PM10-2,5. Monthly averages were used for obtaining the models and the 30 (thirty) or 6 (six) final data were used for the validation of the forecast. The selection of the best model was made considering the smallest value of AIC (Akaike Information Criterion), through the successive variation of the parameters. Of the 10 models with smaller value of AIC, was chosen the one of smaller value and other with a smaller number of parameters. In the statistical analysis, the models that did not comply with the requirements of the Shapiro-Wilk tests (normality) and of steadiness were eliminated. In the three cases the model SARIMA represented the groups of studied data better, when compared with the Holt-Winters correlation. The model found for the series of data of PM10, was the SARIMA(1,0,0)×(1,0,1)6. In the second case, the concentration of PM2.5 the best model was the SARIMA(2,1,3)×(1,0,1)6. In the third case, the concentration of PM10-2.5, the best model was the SARIMA(2,0,2)×(1,0,0)6.
Terapia Assistida por Animais (TAA) e deficiência mental : análise do desenvolvimento psicomotor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-03-19) Capote, Patricia Sidorenko de Oliveira; Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9027626823764846
Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is used by health professionals to promote emotional, affectivity, cognitive, social and phisical development by animal-human interaction. AAT can use different animals and be indicated for several needs, as Mental Deficiency (MD). The objective of this study was to verify the effect of animals intervention (AAT) in the psychomotor development of children with MD. The used drawing was the experimental type with control groups. Twelve children ranging from 9 to 13 years of age were divided into two groups, separate in two groups at random, control group (CG) and experimental group (EG), that frequent the same specialized school institution. The established criteria for formation of the groups were: diagnosis of MD, the same economic level and do not present animals fear. The psychomotor development was evaluated by the following instruments: Motor evaluation of Rosa Neto; structured interview for survey of the participants' emotional aspects; structured interview for survey of the psychomotor and emotional aspects directed to the responsible individuals; and field diary. The procedure for the data collection was developed in the following stages: a- groups formation (experimental group-animals and professional intervention A group; and control group: 1- professional intervention without animals B group; 2- without intervention- C group); b- initial evaluation (motor evaluation and interviews with participants and responsible individuals from the three groups); cintervention with post-fact recordings (field diary) and d- final evaluation (motor revaluation and interviews with participants and responsible individuals). AAT was executed with two small dogs. The data were analyzed in a quantitative way and represented in graphs and tables. For the qualitative analysis, it was accomplished through the recordings obtained in the field diary and analysis of the answers of the interviews. The data were analyzed in an individual way and a comparison between control and experimental groups was made. It was concluded that AAT brings benefits to individuals with MD regarding the motor development, motivation and care with living beings.