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Uma arquitetura de suporte a modelagem de simulações de treinamento baseada na arquitetura HLA (High Level Architecture)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-30)
Rocha, Rafaela Vilela da
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1845113331963646
The use of virtual environments, created by the computer, provides the execution of training simulations in a safe environment to investigate human behaviour and response to dangerous situations. However, building generic virtual environment simulations is a challenge to be researched. At present, existing virtual environment simulations are focused on specific applications. They also have their supporting architecture tightly coupled to the application making extensions or modifications difficult and dependent on computing specialists. Thus, it is important that environments that ease the building of these simulations be created. This work aims to specify an architecture to support the development, implementation, management, control and analysis of collaborative virtual environments, in conformance with the High Level Architecture, a reference architecture for simulations interoperability and reuse. In this work, simulation construction is driven by non-linear, interactive storytelling and instantiated ontologies. The history and ontologies integration facilitates the creation of different simulations without the need for programmers. The goal of the collaborative virtual environment simulations to be created is training for emergency preparedness and response application domain. However, new application domains can be designed by integrating new ontologies. For the ontologies creation, norms for protection against fire and exercise protocols, in use at São Paulo State, were used along with expert advice by São Carlos fire fighters. An environment for the creation of simulations is being developed as part of this work, as well as the whole process of development and execution of a simulation using our proposed architecture. A use case (fire and explosion occurrence) was devised for simulation instantiation. As the main results of this work a novel architecture was devised for the creation of complex training simulations as well as seven ontologies in the emergency management domain. These can be used as powerful tools for the creation of training simulations for the emergency preparedness and response teams.
Construção e aplicação de um Turbidímetro / Nefelômetro Microcontrolado Portátil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-30)
Santos, Vagner Bezerra dos
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5690211284729828
Development of a portable, simple and inexpensive equipment with adequate sensitivity for turbidimetric and/or nephelometric sequential analyses practically simultaneous is the aim of this study. In fact, in-situ and on-line analysis of chemical substances of interest (analytes) can be accomplished. This is requested mainly in situations in which the place is difficult to access or even in circumstances in which the physical- chemical characteristics of the samples should be unchanged. Thus, the equipment was applied in- situ sulfate determination in lake samples. Analytes of interest such as N-acetylcysteine, captopril and thiamine in pharmaceutical samples and potassium in isotonic beverages were also analyzed with the developed instrumentation. The PMTN (Portable Microcontrolled Turbidimeter Nephelometer) is made of LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) as radiation sources, phototransistors as optical sensors and a PIC microcontroller (Peripherical Interface Controller) as processing unit for control and data acquisition. The PMTN was tested and calibrated properly according to the norms establish by ISO 7027 for equipment base on LEDs as radiation source. The PMTN was applied to determine the concentration of analytes and compared with the reference or validated methods for each analyte, as described in the literature. In general, results agreed at the 95% confidence level were obtained. The detection limits and quantification for the determination of the several analytes were agreed with in some better cases than those found in the literature. On average, the PMTN furnished two decades of linear range of concentration and a reproducibility (RSD) lower than 3.0 % with an average error of less than 5.0 % were also obtained.
Consórcio de exportação de software: pequenas e médias empresas sob a perspectiva de redes sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-30)
Zacharias, Ana Paula de Lacerda
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Côrtes, Mauro Rocha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7474619837965200
This work aims at verifying whether the organization in consortium collaborates to the export insertion of small and medium Brazilian software companies. The verification has been carried out from the social network perspective. It has made use of a qualitative methodology by means of a multi-case study whose target was the Actminds - a software export consortium located in Campinas - SP. For this purpose, social networks analyzing tools and metrics, such as centrality index and degree, have been employed. Results indicate that organization in consortiums is indeed a key factor for the export insertion of the studied companies.
Considerações sobre o projeto, cálculo e detalhamento de vigas pré-fabricadas protendidas com aderência inicial em pavimentos de edificações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-30)
Inforsato, Thiago Bindilatti
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Carvalho, Roberto Chust
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4570430037067936
This work shows a calculation sequence to determine and detail the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement of prestesses beams with pre-composed section. All procedures are done in a way that meets all the requirements of NBR6118: 2003 and 9062:2006 Code. It shows how the checks can be made of the ultimate state limit and the cracking service state and determining whether there is need for the isolation of the strand. The prestesses loss are considered taking into account the age of the constituents of the concrete section at the time when each step is performed and the procedure for progressive loss. The assumptions adopted for the calculation as composite section and the respective transverse reinforcement are detailing. It can be done as the detailing of transverse reinforcement with special care for the end of the piece where it is common the use of dapped-end. Four numerical examples are solved showing how the recommended calculation sequence allows the designer immediately realize the best solution, including the need for the use of prestressed strand along the top edge. The results obtained in the examples it can be seen: the advantage of using the section Ibeam, the semi-rigid connection has a limited efficiency even with large amounts of negative reinforcement, because the existence of the dapped-end, that considering the effect of prestressing causes the shear reinforcement required is minimal. Finally we can conclude that in several instances the situation critical for obtaining the longitudinal reinforcement was in service with the decompression.
Estudo metodológico da reação de Prins em ausência de solventes orgânicos e sua aplicação na síntese de substâncias bioativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-31)
Brito Júnior, Gilmar Araújo
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Santos, Alcindo Aparecido dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9005233120921421
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8904412440244044
In this work it was done a methodological study on Prins cyclization reaction in the absence of organic solvents. The synthesis of target compounds was possible by using or the catalytic system pTSA.SiO2(gel) initially developed in this project, as shown in Figure I. As a initial proposal of this work, another catalytics systems were developed, this time using non-protonic Lewis acids. The catalytic system FeCl3.SiO2(aerosil) was shown to be the most advantageous among other catalytic systems developed in parallel experiments. The synthesis of target compounds FLOROL ® (6) and CLARYCET ® (8), in absence of organic solvents, was possible by using this catalytic system. The same catalytic system was employed to the preparation of the skeleton of the compound (+/-)- Diospongin A (Figure II). The developed catalytics systems showed to be effective on the catalysis of Prins cyclization reactions involving oxigenate compounds. But these systems had failed when homoallylics amines were employed and so it XII was not possible to obtain the compounds SS20846 A and pipecolic acid, as shown in Figure III.
Degradação bacteriana da MOD excretada por Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) em culturas, fracionada e submetida à radiação UV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-31)
Moreira, Ingritt Caroline
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Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5616615150766784
Solar radiation can change DOM in aquatic environments making compounds more labile or recalcitrant to biodegradation. Thus, solar radiation, especially UV, indirectly interfere in the microbial community in order to increase or decrease their growth. The objective was to verify the interference of UV-A + B on the bioavailability of DOM separated into different fractions (molecular weight), from release of cells in stationary phase of M. aeruginosa. DOM released from cyanobacteria was separated by tangential ultra-filtration and these were inoculated bacterial community of Barra Bonita reservoir. Bacterial community dynamic was monitored by measures of density and biomass and bacterial consumption of carbon from DOM by measures of DOC. Frequency of bacterial morphotypes were also calculated. All three fractions of DOM investigated were highly available to the bacterial community. The fraction of cultures with DOM<3 kDa and DOM>30 kDa demonstrated to be more vulnerable to UV radiation, corroborated by many statistical differences found for bacterial density during 27 days of incubation. At 15 days of incubation, the cultures with irradiated DOM>30 kDa showed a second peak in bacterial density and biomass that can be understood as an event of succession in bacterial community. Changes in relative frequency of bacterial morphotypes over incubation period suggest an episode of succession during the different stages of degradation of DOM. It was suggested that the majority of DOC released from a bloom of cyanobacteria is rapidly mineralized. Furthermore, the constant blooms, or ever high biomass of M. aeruginosa during the year, mean that such bacterial consortia are always available.
Expressão da Miostatina e ActRIIB em ratos submetidos a dieta hiperlipídica e exercício
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-31)
Bueno, Patricia de Godoy
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Leal, Ângela Merice de Oliveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202663545989206
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7830740384839811
Myostatin (MSTN) is a secreted growth factor expressed in skeletal muscle and negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass. MSTN is also expressed in adipose tissue. Recent data suggest that MSTN regulates adipogenesis and energy metabolism. Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of exercise in the expression of myostatin (MSTN) and its receptor in fat and muscle in obese and insulin resistant rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were housed under controlled conditions (20-220 C, 10-14h light-dark cycle) and were allowed free access to standard rodent chow (control group, CG) or HF diet (58% Kcal from fat, high-fat group, HG) during 12 weeks. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed before and at 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after diet regimen. After 12 weeks, CG and HG rats were randomly assigned to a swimming training group (CGE and HGE) or a sedentary group (CGS and HGS). CGE and HE swam individually in water tanks (50x30cm) at 340 C, for 45 minutes at 0900h and 1700h, 5 day week-1, for 4 weeks. After this period, rats were submitted again to GTT and ITT and then killed by decapitation. GTT area under the curve was lower in HE compared to HGS. White gastrocnemius muscle and fat pads were dissected, weighted, immediately cooled in liquid nitrogen and stored at - 700 C for subsequent analysis. The mRNA levels were quantified by real time RT-PCR. The animals were maintained according to the local University Committee guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. Results: HG developed insulin resistance according to GTT and ITT tests. Adipose fat pads (epididymal, retropritoneal and mesenteric) were 2 to 3 times heavier in high-fat fed groups (HGS and HGE) compared to standard chow fed groups (CGS and CGE). In HGS, the expression of MSTN was significantly higher in mesenteric fat and lower in epididymal fat and Brown tissue adipose (BAT) compared to CGS rats. The expression of ActRIIB significantly decreased in epididymal fat and BAT. The training resulted in decreased of expression of expression of MSTN in muscle and mesenteric fat and increased expression in BAT of CGE compared CGS. The expression of ActRIIB increased significantly in mesenteric fat and BAT in CGE compared to CGS. The expression of MSTN decreased in mesenteric fat and increased in epididymal fat and BAT in HGE compared to HGS. The expression of ActRIIB decreased in muscle and mesenteric fat and increased in BAT in HGE compared to HGS. Conclusions: These data suggest that the expression of MSTN in fat tissues may be involved in the metabolic response of rats submitted to high fat diet and exercise.
Evolução molecular dos genes doublesex e fruitless em moscas-das-frutas do grupo Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-07-31)
Júnior Sobrinho, Iderval da Silva
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2185153625996785
Species of the Anastrepha fraterculus group are one of the most important agricultural pest from South America and form a group of closely related species whose identification is very difficult. It is problematic to establish reciprocal monophyly of species from this group, because of the great variability and superimposition of morphological traits used in their identification. Many evidences suggest that sex-related genes would be good candidates to discriminate species with low divergence, because they could be involved in the speciation of such species and show high level of differentiation rate. Most of such studies are on genes related to male-female interaction, however few are focused on sex-differentiation genes. We originally aimed to study the role of two sex-determination genes, doublesex (dsx) and fruitless (fru), in the differentiation of the species of Anastrepha fraterculus complex. We also studied the molecular evolutionary pattern of these genes, from high divergence interspecific to low divergence intraspecific data. In the process we assessed the hability of different methodologies in detecting signals of particular selective patterns in the studied regions, and tested a new approach to investigate patterns of positive selection using population data. In this new approach we combined in the same analysis synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations frequencies, their position in the haplotype network, and nonsynonymous mutations capacity to change amino acid physicochemical properties. Differently of what was proposed in previous works, both dsx and fru showed distinct signal of positive selection promoting their differentiation. Furthermore, we detected a selective sweep in the fru connecting region of A. obliqua, possibly involved in the split of haplotype network in two groups, with A. obliqua isolated from the other two species. Although both genes are involved in the sex-differentiation cascade, fru established in clearer way the separation, although not yet completely, of A. obliqua from the other two species here studied.
INCA: um serviço de segurança para ambientes de ensino colaborativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-01)
Gualberto, Thiago de Medeiros
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Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8420160200967964
Research efforts on e-Learning systems have mainly focused on the provision of learning contents for users, but these efforts have not considered security requirements in the implementation of such systems. However, threats to security may not be neglected, as these applications are usually built using heterogeneous, distributed and open architectures. This feature may make these systems vulnerable to ill-intentioned users. This work presents the INCA (Integrity, Non Repudiation, Confidentiality and Authenticity), a service that provides security through the technology of Web Services and aims at meeting the security requirements of e- Learning environments developed in different architectures and programming languages. The use of web services to provide security in e-Learning environments will complement the features of such environments, not being limited to platforms in which the client system was developed. INCA uses cryptography and digital signature to provide integrity, non-repudiation, confidentiality and authenticity. Through the tests it could be seen that INCA provides security for e-learning environments in a flexible, configurable, scalable and efficient way. The main features of INCA are presented in this work, with their employability in a case study for the upload tool for Sakai and Moodle environments, which were modified so that they could make use of INCA. The contribuition of this work is the case study implementation for the above mentioned environments, since such tool in these systems does not have security services. Such modifications were necessary to evaluate the applicability of the INCA in different environments. The case study shows the proof of concept for the security service presented in this work.
Catalisadores contendo espécies V2O5 ou VO2+ : atividade e seletividade na redução de NO com amônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-03)
Lima Neto, Antonio Vieira
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8488215444152608
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
The selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia is the best technology available today to carry out the abatement of nitrogen oxide emissions in industrial gas effluents. Currently, vanadia-titania catalysts promoted with WO3 or MoO3 are the most active catalysts for the mentioned reaction. They show a very good catalytic stability for a long time. However, vanadia is also active in the oxidation of SO2 (a compound commonly found in industrial effluents) to SO3 this reaction is highly undesirable since SO3 reacts with water present at effluent gas and ammonia, producing sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfates, NH4HSO4 and (NH4)2SO4. The ammonium sulfates can deposit and accumulate themselves on the catalyst surface besides causing pressure drop problems or equipment corrosion. Apart from this, vanadia-titania catalysts are partially sulfated in SO2 presence, they have specific surface area relatively low (in the order of 40 m2/g) and they can show difficulties when they are discarded because vanadia (as well as WO3 and MoO3) is poisonous to the soil and water. Thus, the optimization or search for new catalytic systems for the selective reduction of NOx with ammonia acquires a significative importance. For this reason, the present work was set in the context of technological route of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia and it has the objective of investigate the performance of some catalysts and/or supports (zeolites, mesoporous molecular sieves and transition metal oxides) in the reaction in focus. The studied catalysts were prepared through incipient wet impregnation method or by ionic exchange between a support and a VOSO4 solution. Afterwards, the solids were analyzed by a number of characterization techniques and they were tested in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia in the presence of oxygen, in a temperature range of 200°C to 500°C. The materials that have shown the best performances in this first test were subjected to stability tests with water and SO2. The results demonstrated that the Si/Al ratio and the molecular sieve structure, as well as the original cation nature to be exchanged, had influence on the catalyst behavior in the face of the reaction in focus. Finally, accordingly to the test battery accomplished in this investigation, one can say that zeolite H-ZSM-5 exchanged with VO2+ ion was the best catalyst to the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia, in the temperature range of 350°C to 500°C. It was better, in the test conditions, than the V2O5-WO3/TiO2 (similar to a commercial type).
Avaliação da tendência à formação de fase vítrea nas ligas à base de alumínio do sistema Al-Y-Fe
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-03)
Benavides Filho, Marcos Antonio
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Botta Filho, Walter José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5427230809487223
The present work aimed to study the glass-forming ability of the aluminum-itrium-iron (Al-Y-Fe) alloys. The work included the preparation of samples through the melt-spinning technique and varying the composition of the samples. The structural characterization of the samples was made by x-ray diffraction technique (DRX) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Some complementary characterizations included the Scanning Electron Microscopy (MEV) together with the Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS). Also were determinated the sample's characteristics temperatures liquidus temperature (Tliq), crystallization temperature (Tx) and glass-transition temperature (Tg). The glass-forming ability of the alloys was discussed based on different approaches from the literature . A discussion about the present glass-forming ability concept is put forward.
Estudo da dispersão de pigmentos orgânicos em resina de polipropileno para aplicação em fibras e filamentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-03)
Dutra, Regiane Defacio
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Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3954788812913703
Polypropylene has become widely used in fiber and filament applications; most part of these applications use colorful pigments to satisfy aesthetic necessities, communication, identification and others. To achieve the effect of the needed color it is necessary that the pigment has been well dispersed and distribute in the polymer. The appropriate dispersion is usually achieve with the combination of several mechanisms, that can occur at the same time during the mixture operation, such as: initial wetting, size reduction of the pigments, amount of aggregates and agglomerates, intimate wetting, particle uniform distribution in the medium and stabilization of the particles to avoid re-agglomeration. In this work the dispersion of two different organic pigments based on cupper phthalocianine (Pigment Blue 15) and betaoxynaphthoic acid (Pigment Red 48) in polypropylene resin with different humectants systems was studied. The characteristics of each formulation component, the determination of maximum pigment loading in polymer melts based on the CPVC (Critical Pigment Volume Concentration) concept, the ideal conditions of processing in static mixer and co-rotating twin screw extruder and the dispersion were evaluated by tint strength, filter pressure value and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that there is an optimum humectant for each kind of pigment. The best results were obtained with the red pigment and the oxidized polyethylene wax, in which the filter pressure value was below 2 bar/g. The results for the blue pigment were not satisfactory.
Modelo matemático do processo de purificação do ácido clavulânico por troca iônica em coluna de leito fixo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-04)
Cuel, Maressa Fabiano
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Kwong, Wu Hong
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5750513580197013
Clavulanic acid (CA) is a β-lactam antibiotic produced industrially by submerged cultures of the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. Due to its importance, several studies on the purification of clavulanic acid have been conducted at the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Federal University of São Carlos DEQ-UFSCar. As a natural sequence of these works, a need has been identified for greater knowledge about the CA adsorption process by mathematically modeling the incorporation of the phenomenon of CA degradation in the sites of resin through a first order reaction. Because amino acids stand out among the principal molecules that are found in fermented broth, it has become imperative for the development of the process to evaluate purification in terms of the amino acids present during the purification process. Some of these amino acids, e.g., tyrosines, present physicochemical properties similar to those of clavulanic acid. The process of batch absorption can be simulated by a mathematical model, providing kinetic and transport parameters involved in absorption. A mathematical model of the clavulanic acid purification process in a fixed-bed absorption column was developed to determine the rupture curve. The modeling allowed for the determination of several important process parameters, such as transport parameters and the intrinsic kinetic constants of absorption. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the mass transfer coefficient strongly influences the results of the model. The simulation of the process led to the conclusion that the process is limited both by the degradation stage during absorption and by the mass transfer, indicating that both factors must be taken into account in the analysis of this type of process in a fixed-bed column. It was also found that the degradation of CA in the resin sites is a factor that does not allow the rupture curve to reach the value of C/Co equal to 1, which explains the low yield of the CA process during absorption. This work also aimed to apply the sequencing method to solve the partial differential equations that represent the mathematical model which describes the adsorption of CA in Amberlite IRA-400 resin and to compare it with the finite difference method which is more commonly employed. The application of the proposed methodology in the clavulanic acid purification process in a packed column showed a good performance, with a rupture curve very similar to that obtained by the finite difference method, thus demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed method.
Estrutura genética das populações de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) e suas relações com as raças parentais determinadas por meio da análise de microssatélites
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-04)
Collet, Thaís
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3345994967493962
The Africanization process through the Americas started in 1956 with the introduction in Rio Claro (SP) of Apis mellifera scutellata queens from South Africa. The resultant alterations of this process in the characteristics of the preexisting honeybee populations have been measured through several methods, including morphometry, allozymes, mitochondrial DNA patterns and in a lower degree the microsatellite loci. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic structure of the A. mellifera Africanized populations from seven countries of South and Central Americas, employing 12 microsatellite loci. Parental populations from Europe and Africa were used as control. The results obtained from 2034 colonies analyzed indicated that the American Africanized populations presented a high variability and have essentially an African genetic constitution. The South region of Argentina is an exception since those samples keep the variation patterns of the European populations, with a lower degree of polymorphism. However, the presence of Africanized honeybees in high altitudes and low temperatures observed in Colombia indicate that the restrictions for the colonization of temperate regions by the Africanized swarms are not only due to the temperature. Concerning to the low frequencies of the European patterns in the Africanized populations, the contribution of genes characteristics of subspecies from the M lineage (A. m. iberiensis) is higher, with a very low proportion of C lineage genes (A. m. ligustica). Results of population structure indicate that the Africanized populations are genetically low differentiated. Even though a low fraction of European genes exists in the Africanized populations, we can affirm that the genetic constitution of the honeybees of Americas is a straight result of the introduction of A. m. scutellata in Brazil.
Situação atual e perspectivas de utilização de materiais no interior de aeronaves executivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-04)
Costa, Fábio Rodrigues
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Gregolin, José Angelo Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842651773105125
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9160734660960766
This study focuses on analyzing the current situation and perspectives of materials selection and utilization, like composites, decorative laminates and films, and others, in business aircraft, particularly in furnishings and its finishes, of great importance in this sector and systematically few studied. It was used technological prospective and competitive intelligence techniques like interviews with specialists, search in data and patents bases, analysis of existing studies and other sources. A case study was done on finishing materials, which are critical in the business aircraft class. Technological drivers for this sector, like air pollution reduction, personalization and simplicity of utilization, beyond others, were pointed out. It was verified that the materials selection is affected by several factors, namely: market segment involved, flight time and purpose and customer cultural differences, specially in relation to aesthetic, sensitive and comfort requirements; obligation to meet safety requirements from airworthiness agencies, specially in relation to inflammability and structural resistance and cabin safety; need of meeting design requirements, like low weight, high resistance/weight relation, fatigue resistance, degradation resistance, etc. In terms of patenting of cabin, interior and furnishings related technologies, Boeing, Airbus and Bombardier have been in highlighted position, while other business aircraft or interior manufacturers have appeared as owners of a relatively small number of patents. Important companies in key finishes (and their technologies) were identified by patents ownership. It was recommended that the materials selection and procurement process emphasizes the development and capability improvement of potential national suppliers, aiming at meeting business aviation requirements, as well as partnership with the relevant companies in patents ownership. A materials selection methodology was proposed, considering the researched context, which allows the maximization of aggregated value to the customer.
Estudo fluidodinâmico e térmico no transportador pneumático com alimentador tipo jorro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-05)
Sousa, Robson Costa de
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Freire, José Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7320586055142013
The pneumatic conveyor using a spouted bed as a particle feeding method has been studied in the past years in the Centro de Secagem/DEQ/UFSCar. In the literature there are some studies related to the fluid dynamics behavior of this type of conveyor, which can be found in the following works: Ferreira (1991); Ferreira e Freire (1992); Ferreira (1996), Silva (1997) e Costa, (2001). The aim of this work is: (i) to analyze the fluid dynamics behavior through experimental data obtained for the gas-solid flow in the dense and dilute phase and also, to evaluate the influence of the distance between the inlet of the contactor and the entrance of the conveyor pipe (z0); (ii) to apply the model developed by Zorana et al. (2004) for predicting the pressure, voidage, gas and solids velocity profiles, and compare the simulated and experimental results; (iii) to analyze the influence of the inlet temperature in the fluid dynamics, heat transfer and water evaporation behaviors. In this work glass beads with dp = 2.7 mm and rp = 2500 kg/m3 were used as a particulate phase. In the drying experiments water was used as an ideal suspension. The average and the standard deviation of the experimental variables were acquired using a LYNX data acquisition system and a routine made in the LabView software. It was possible to verify that the different z0 (5.0, 5.5, 6.0 e 6.5 cm) studied here influenced significantly the fluid dynamic behavior. Also, the dense and dilute regimes were identified by analyzing the experimental pressure gradients. The model used in this work was able to predict the experimental data satisfactorily. Although a significant influence of the air inlet temperature in the fluid dynamics and heat transfer behaviors was not observed in the range (80 and 100 ºC) studied here, it does affect the water evaporation rate, which was higher for the highest temperature.
Simulação da perda de carga e da eficiência de coleta em ciclones através da fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-05)
Valverde Ramirez, Maribel
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Gonçalves, José Antônio Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0337997526924402
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9371597807489520
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue simular la descarga de un flujo compuesto por fases gaseosa y solida dentro de un equipo denominado ciclón mediante la técnica numérica denominada Fluido dinámica computacional (CFD). Fueron examinados nueve ciclones con diferentes geometrías. Todos tenían el mismo diámetro principal (0,245 m) y a misma altura (0,875 m), pero la altura de la sección cónica vario de 0,235 m hasta 0,725 m así como también vario la altura del vortex finder de 0,122 m hasta 0,612 m. El paquete comercial utilizado en las simulaciones fue el Fluent 6.3.26. Los resultados de la simulación son analizados teniendo como referencia los datos experimentales obtenidos por Scarpa (2000) donde está disponible datos de la caída de presión y la eficiencia de colecta para los nueve ciclones estudiados. Fueron elaborados mallas de tipo hibrido. La función adapt del Fluent fue utilizado con la finalidad de refinar las mallas tanto en las proximidades de la pared así como en el interior del ciclón. El flujo gas partícula en el interior del ciclón fue modelado considerando como un flujo bifásico Euleriano Lagrangeano, turbulento, tridimensional. La solución numérica fue obtenida utilizando el algoritmo SIMPLEC. El modelo de turbulencia usado fue ��. La interacción entre las partículas fue modelada de dos maneras: utilizando la condición patron de Fluent y la otra fue mediante condiciones basadas en la comparación de las energías envolvías en la interacción. Esta última condición fue implantada mediante el uso de una función definida por el usuario UDF (user defined function). Los , masL oesl uresosu dltea dloass ofubntecnioidnoess daedmapute syt rUanD Fq ueen eel l mpoadqeuleot ed ec otumrbeurcleianl cFialu ��en��t pueden ayudar a aproximar los datos numéricos a los datos experimentales.
Proposta de um algoritmo para o problema de roteirização do transporte escolar rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-06)
Prata, Priscila de Almeida
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4481793155075519
Rural School Transportation is a very important topic but which is scarcely discussed in academic papers, mainly the routing of vehicles for this transport. Its importance is due to the fact that is a constitutional right and results in huge expenses to the municipalities that are responsible for the biggest part of them. Treating this problem manually, like in many Brazilian cities, and considering every one of the system s particularities is a complex task. In this context, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) constitute a convenient Decision Support Tool, but the algorithms that are incorporated in them are not adequate for treating the problem which results in solutions unviable in practice. On the other hand, some GIS permit the inclusion of new functionalities, by means of programming languages, so that the routines may be adapted to the user s needs. Thus, this research proposes an algorithm for the definition of routes that generates more practical solutions. The algorithm is used by a tool where the users inform the necessary data for the definition of the routes and the outcome is a report and a map with the routes. It is also possible to consult each of the routes individually. The algorithm and the tool were developed in TransCAD using a programming language called GIDDK (Geographic Information System Developer s Kit). In order to analyze the performance of the algorithm, two case studies were developed for Brazilian cities with different characteristics. The results showed that the algorithm and the tool may be used as a Decision Support Tool for the definition of rural school transportation routes.
Interação da matéria de vórtices com estruturas de defeitos : detecção das primeiras penetrações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-07)
Zadorosny, Rafael
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Ortiz, Wilson Aires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6913351251148957
This thesis results from a systematic study of the interactions between penetrated vortices and pinning centers carried out on structured superconductors films of YBCO, Nb and Pb. A regular array of pinning centers (antidots, ADs) was inserted in those samples by mechanical indentations (in YBCO and Nb films), and by a lithographic processes (Pb). The structure of the YBCO film counts with 1680 ADs, each with an effective diameter of 2 μm, distributed in a square array of 50 μm size. The Nb film has 900 ADs, with an effective diameter of 1 μm, forming a square array of 10 μm size. The Pb film has more than 3.7 millions of square ADs, with 0.8 μm of lateral dimensions, and the formed array has size of 1.5 μm. Those systems were studied by DC and AC magnetometry. As the Commensurability Field (Matching Field, MF) associated with their structures, is very small, it was not possible to study the commensurability effects in YBCO and Nb films. However, the Pb film has a structure which MF is 9.1 Oe, so that, jumps in its magnetic response could be observed each time that the applied field reached an integer multiple of that field. The YBCO film was studied in very small DC fields, i.e., only in the presence of the Earth magnetic field. We verified that, as the vortices penetrate the sample, they arrange themselves into the ADs in such a way that the sample behave as a collection of small superconductors arranged side by side. This study was not carried out on the other samples because the preparation of this experiment is very difficult and needs special experimental conditions which are rarely available in our laboratory. Particularly, for the Pb film, we could not have enough time to prepare the experiment due to its rapid degradation. We have studied the temperature dependence of the remnant magnetization (thermoremanence) of the Pb film for several cooling fields. That study revealed that the remnant response of the system increases with the cooling field, however, a saturation value is reached for fields greater than the first MF of its array. This behavior is due to the proximity of the ADs which hinders the pinning of vortices in interstitial regions. The remanence rises sharply up to the first MF, when the remnant flux counts one quantum per AD. For greater fields, the remnant rising rate has a sudden change and approaches to zero. In measurements of χAC as a function of the excitation field amplitude, all of the studied samples revealed that, in the beginning of the penetration, the vortices are impeded to move by the first front of ADs. Upon reaching a certain number, vortices eventually cross this first barrier and move deeper into the sample, up to the second front. In other words, at low temperatures and vortex densities (or, equivalently, at low AC fields), the penetration takes place layer by layer, i.e., the AD fronts act as contention barriers for the entrance of vortices, and they have to be suppressed one by one. We have studied the temperature dependence of the remnant magnetization (thermoremanence) of the Pb film for several cooling fields. That study revealed that the remnant response of the system increases with the cooling field, however, a saturation value is reached for fields greater than the first MF of its array. This behavior is due to the proximity of the ADs which hinders the pinning of vortices in interstitial regions. The remanence rises sharply up to the first MF, when the remnant flux counts one quantum per AD. For greater fields, the remnant rising rate has a sudden change and approaches to zero. In measurements of χAC as a function of the excitation field amplitude, all of the studied samples revealed that, in the beginning of the penetration, the vortices are impeded to move by the first front of ADs. Upon reaching a certain number, vortices eventually cross this first barrier and move deeper into the sample, up to the second front. In other words, at low temperatures and vortex densities (or, equivalently, at low AC fields), the penetration takes place layer by layer, i.e., the AD fronts act as contention barriers for the entrance of vortices, and they have to be suppressed one by one.
Efeitos de antagonistas histaminérgicos H1 e H2 sobre a ansiedade e a memória emocional de camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-08-07)
Kishi, Marcos Seizo
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Mattioli, Rosana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2333440373816942
The aim of present work was to evaluate the effect of chlorpheniramine and zolantidine, histamine H1 and H2 antagonist respectively, on anxiety and on emotional memory in mice, through of two experiments. In the first experiment, forty-one male mice were divided into three groups, according to the pharmacological treatment consisting of intraperitoneal injections of 16 mg/kg of chlorpheniramine (CPA n=13), 20 mg/kg of zolantidine (ZOL n=14) or saline (SAL n=14). In the first day (T1), each mouse was tested for 5 minutes in an elevated plus-maze (EPM). The mice received the pharmacological treatment immediately after test, and 24 h later the animals were resubmitted to EPM (T2). Measures of learning and memory (open arm entries, open arm time, % open arm entries, and % open arm time) were analyzed. Two-way ANOVA showed significant differences within groups in % open arm entries and % open arm time. The student-Newmann-Keuls test for multiple comparisons revealed that both variables were reduced during Trial 2 for the animals treated with SAL, ZOL or CPA, thus indicating decreased open arm activity. In the conditions of the first experiment, chlorpheniramine and zolantidine were shown to have no effect on the consolidation of emotional memory in mice. In the second experiment we used 123 mice which were initially divided into 6 groups and which received i.p. injections of zolantidine (20 mg/kg) or chlorpheniramine at doses of 8.0 mg/kg or 16 mg/kg, each with its respective control (saline). Forty minutes after the injection the mice were for the first time exposed to EPM (T1). After 24 hours (T2), each group was subdivided into two new groups which were re-injected with one of the drugs or saline before re-exposure to the maze. In the two days it were evaluated behaviors related to anxiety (percentage of entries and length of stay in the open arms in T1), rates of learning and memory (reduction of percentage of entries and of length of stay in the open arms in T2), locomotor activity (entries in the closed arms). Zolantidine at a dose of 20 mg/kg, and chlorpheniramine at a dose of 8.0 mg/kg, showed no differences concerning the control, both in T1 and as in the comparison of data from T1 and T2. Furthermore, chlorpheniramine at a dose of 16 mg/kg, reduced activity in the open arms already in T1 and SAL-CPA and CPA-CPA showed no reduction of activity in the open arms in T2. The results suggest that zolantidine has no effect on anxiety or emotional memory, while chlorpheniramine presents an anxiogenic effect at a dose of 16 mg/kg.