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Avaliação do processo de tratamento biológico de águas residuárias sanitária e industrial em sistema combinado com reator biológico de contato seguido de filtro aerado submerso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Oliveira, Hércules Antonio de; Silva, Edson Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8552744120801539
This study presents the operational results of a pilot wastewater treatment plant. The assays were carried out in two phases: Phase 1 involved the operation of a rotating biological contactor (RBC), while Phase 2 involved a combined system operation of a submerged aerated biofilter (SAB) downstream from the RBC. The RBC and SAB units were assayed in the treatment of sanitary sewage. The average feeding rate was 82.9 L.h-1 and the active sludge recirculation rate when operated only with the RBC was 60% of the former. Despite being a rotating reactor, the RBC under investigation did not have biodiscs because it was used as a microbial bed, consisting of corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tubes fixed on a metal structure in the shape of a rotating reel submerged in the aeration cell at about 90% of its diameter, providing subtracting contact between tubes a 41-m2 surface area for biofilm fixation. On the other hand, the SAB, which was comprised of corrugated HDPE rings that provided a 55-m2 contact area, was employed to polish the RBC effluent only in Phase 2 when sludge recycling was interrupted at the beginning of the process. This operation, which is typical of activated sludge systems, was carried out in Phase 1 (211 days). Substrate characterization showed maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations of 3820.8 mgL-1 (average of 1004.5 mgL-1), an indication of contamination by liquid industrial effluents. In the first stage of testing (with the RBC), the treated effluent after secondary sedimentation tank were achieved in this study, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal averages of 71.3% and the COD removals of 79.6%, respectively. Among the forms of nitrogen analysis, the concentration of organic nitrogen showed the greatest reductions reaching an average maximum of 51.2% and 91.5%. In the second stage of tests (RBC followed by SAB) efficiency BOD removal achieved was 78.2%, while the COD efficiency removal was 71.6%. The removal of volatile suspended solids after BAS achieved 39.2%, whereas RBC achieved volatile suspended solids removal of 65.3%. The pilot plant also showed that the concentration of SAB in the downstream of RBC minimized the variations in concentrations of all measured parameters, related to partially or fully treated wastewater, bringing benefits not linked to removal of carbonaceous organic matter.
A legislação brasileira e italiana sobre Educação Especial : da década de 1970 aos dias atuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Cabral, Leonardo Santos Amâncio; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5306031040506357
The opinions of several countries on how to enforce the education of people with disability promote international discussions aimed at identifying elements, whether from the political, organizational or methodological sphere, that can solve the existing problems in their respective educational contexts. Essentially, there are countries which provide education only in specialized centers, such as Ireland, or predominantly in the classrooms of the regular school system, such as Italy, or like a continuum of services, with the establishment of a partnership between the regular school system and the specialized centers, such as Brazil, predominantly. With that in mind, and considering the current inclusive perspective of Special Education in our country and discussions that tend to defend the inclusion of all students in common classes of regular school, we saw the need to investigate how the educational services to people with disability is organized in Italy, since this is the country that, almost forty years ago, have established the school inclusion which is considered by many the most radical one. To do so, we have chosen to develop a comparative study on legislation of Special Education in Brazil and Italy, through the study of official documents, following a specific protocol, such as constitutions, laws, decrees and resolutions, taken place between the 1970s and 2009, which dealt with issues related to persons with disabilities. So, this is a documentary study, having content analysis as the main approach. It has been presented, at the beginning, a brief history of special education concerning the two countries until the 1970s and we have also made an effort to contextualize them in relation to social-economic and educational characteristics, and we have also differentiated the concepts of integration and inclusion for both countries and the criteria for identifying people with special educational needs. In the next section, we have presented, analyzed and discussed the data identified for each country. We have concluded, from the comparative perspective, that: 1) while Brazil establishes legal mechanisms to encourage changes, in Italy, the standards are drawn up collectively to support existing practices; 2) the medical perspective to the identification of Special Education students in Italy decreases the population to be served to 1.5%, which in Brazil is estimated at 14.5%, which directly influences the targeting of investments in education for this particular segment, among other services; 3) while the Italian families claimed the education of their children in public spaces of society, in Brazil, the fight was for the operation of specialized institutions. However, despite the fact that inclusive education in Italy is considered the most radical one, it still recognizes the need to maintain the operation of specialized institutions for the deaf and blind; 4) in both contexts one can identify difficulties of coordination between health services and education; and 5) there is a common trend in the common classroom teachers to delegate the disabled student to a specialized teacher. Finally, considering that the comparison with another country makes us reflect on our own practices, the study allowed us considerations about the current speech of radical inclusion that permeates the brazilian educational policy and we have seen, when considering the Italian experience, that many problems have not yet been solved in that context, which may indicate that the path of radicalization of school inclusion may not be necessarily the one Brazil should take. Instead, we should, rather than coming up with new laws, effectively implement the existing ones, respecting the rights of disabled people.
A trajetória do anti-humanismo pragmatista na educação brasileira: os programas de ensino no estado de São Paulo e nos municípios de São Bernardo do Campo e Diadema (1940-2008)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Sartório, Lúcia Aparecida Valadares; Silva Junior, João dos Reis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0065490535281260
This thesis was developed with the objective of elucidating the factors that has caused the low academic performance in public schools. To make possible this achievement of this job was used to reconstruct the history of education with reference to public school in the municipalities of São Bernardo do Campo, Diadema and São Paulo state; dedicated special attention to curriculum and teaching program between 1930 and 2008. Analyzing the primary and secondary sources, was identified and marked the influence of two meaningful theoretical perspectives on the composition of the curriculum: one the one hand the traditional teaching influenced by many currents of humanism, and others, the New School, influenced pragmatism, more recently the ideas of the New School was revived by constructivism. To be properly exposed the results of this research and analysis developed the thesis has been separated into five chapters that is concerned with the exhibition of historical facts and analysis the documents founded relative to the current model of education and education policy accomplish between the decade of 1930 and 1990, and to expose the theoretical analysis for the ideal that guided reforms in educational policy in the period portrayed analysis of philosophical principles of pragmatism and constructivism and the facility of taking a critical parameter as the basis of humanism and purpose of new positivism. In conclusion it was emphasized the predominance of pragmatist ideal in education policy under slopingly the pedagogy sphere and reflect professional development in prejudice of scientific, cultural and humanistic development, as a cause of low quality of education.
Lazer e processos educativos no contexto de trabalhadores/as rurais do MST
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Silva, Robson Amaral da; Gonçalves Junior, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240102883590524
Faced with the intensifying of competitive capitalist market and economic deregulation at the international level, enterprises turn their investments to regions and sectors with greater liquidity and in search of greater profits. In this direction, considering the logic of flexible accumulation, cultural goods and services are revealed as superfluous products, thus ensuring a rapid growing of capital. Therefore, the increase in supply and consumption of cultural goods linked to the field of leisure is no coincidence. Opposed to this trend are the followers of the Landless Workers' Movement (MST), seeking alternatives towards counter-hegemony able to sustain a new social design, a movement towards change directly associated with the field of leisure and education. Taking this into consideration, the presented qualitative research, inspired on existential phenomenology, sought the understanding of the ascribed meaning of leisure as perceived by members of the MST, as well as to describe the educational processes that underlie this social practice in areas of agrarian reform expropriated by the MST in the city and region of Ribeirão Preto. The literature review included issues such as social practices, educational processes, leisure, education, agrarian reform and MST, that together formed the conceptual bases for the study. Following my introduction in the group, and a period of coexistence, being recognized by men, women, children, young adults and the elderly members of this social movement, all events were recorded in field diaries, bringing the total number of fourteen diaries. Analysis of the diaries registered during the study went through the phases of ideographic analysis (identification of units of meaning) and nomothetic analysis (creation of the thematic categories and organization of the categories in the nomothetic matrix). The construction of the results was based directly on the data presented in the nomothetic matrix, which revealed the following categories: A) Leisure as a means to fight; B) Unequal appropriation of leisure by the female gender; C) Human development in day-to-day life in the MST : organization, environmental care, solidarity, community, sharing and resistance. The study shows that leisure activities can and should provide elements that support the (re)understanding of social responsibilities, selfrecognition and the (re)cognition of others, through the socializing character of these experiences, raising awareness to the feeling of solidarity and the value of opportunities that emerge in cultural experiences related to the context of rural workers of the MST. Manifestations that are expressed in the arts, sports, political activism, more broadly, in social life. The revolutionary character of praxis in the field of leisure is conditioned upon its accuracy in understanding the determination, or mediation, of economy, politics, culture and history in the sociability sewed under the auspices of globalized capital, with its strengths and contradictions, at the same time, having a glimpse of where the evidence coalesce the interests and strengths, the weaknesses and limits of the working class.
Modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca e treino de força excêntrica no processo de envelhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404
The aging process is marked by several physiological changes, and the reduction in muscle strength is very important one. In order to minimize this force decline there are recommendations for using resistance training for elderly persons. Some studies available in the literature state that the eccentric contraction would be more suitable for the elderly, since it generates less cardiovascular overload during the exercise. However, the chronic effect of the eccentric strength training (EST) on the heart rate (HR) autonomic modulation is unclear. So, the aim of the first study was to investigate whether the EST changes HR and heart rate variability (HRV) during submaximal isometric contractions (SIC). This study included 17 volunteers who form divided into two groups: training group (9 men, 62 ± 2 years) and control group (8 men, 64 ± 4 years). The results indicate that although this type of training improves eccentric strength, the EST does not have any effect sufficient to promote changes in the autonomic control of HR during isometric exercise. Another important factor to consider is the increase in incidence of cardiovascular disease that occurs with aging. Furthermore, there are modifications of autonomic control of HR related to ageing that are detected by the reduction in HRV and changes in the complexity of physiological dynamics. Based on these considerations the aim of the second study was to verify whether changes in HR modulation, caused by the aging process, can be detected by the Shannon entropy (SE), conditional entropy (CE) and symbolic analysis (SA). In this study were evaluated 21 elderly (63 ± 3 years) and 21 young (23 ± 2 years). Elderly present distributions of patterns in HRV that are similar to young subjects. However, the patterns are more repetitive, thus reducing the complexity. This decrease of complexity comes from the increased presence of stable patterns and a decreased presence of highly variable patterns. This difference indicates that apparently healthy older subjects have a marked unbalance in autonomic regulation. The results of the second study indicate that non-linear approaches might be helpful to better characterize the changes on the autonomic control of HR in the aging process.
Estudo da geração de nanopartículas a partir da atomização de soluções de cloreto de sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Amaral, Clarice Dias do; Coury, José Renato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5612247812337113
Particles of nanometric dimensions are subjected, in recent years, to extensive research all over the world, not only for the possible risks that they cause when inhaled, but also for the wide range of applications and improvements obtained with their employment. An interesting and economical form of generating these particles in the nanometric scale is through the atomization of a salt solution. With the atomization of the solution, a cloud of drops is generated, which is subsequently evaporated by heat exchange with the surrounding gas. The salt nanoparticles are then incorporate in the flowing gas, forming an aerosol. In this method, the size of the particles can be controlled by changing the concentration of the atomized solution. The present work had as objective the study of this generation mechanism. This study was made through the investigation of the size distributions of drops and particles at different salt concentrations. The nanoparticles were generated through the atomization of solutions of sodium chloride that were characterized regarding their density, viscosity and surface tension. In the atomization process two different atomizers were utilized. They were made of different material and geometry, but both were twin-fluid (gas-liquid) atomizers. One of the atomizers was built in the at DEQ-UFSCar and the other was a commercial inhalator named NS. The measurements of drop size distribution were made using the equipment Malvern Spraytec. The distribution of sizes and concentration of the particles were obtained through the electrical mobility particle analyzer SMPS, from TSI, where the sampling was made directly from the aerosol. The results showed that the increase in the concentration of the saline solution resulted in an increase of the particles median diameter. Also, an increment in the number of particles was observed with the increase in the saline solution concentration. The drop size distribution was associated to the physical properties of each solution and they did not show considerable variations as the solution of NaCl became more concentrated. These results discard the possibility that the number of particles increases due to an increment in the number of drops with salt concentration, since their size was virtually the same in all tests performed. The increase in the total number of nanoparticles is probably due to the drying mechanism of the drops. It was evidenced that a single drop generates more than a particle and that tendency increases with the concentration of the saline solution, tending asymptotically to a constant value. An empiric expression correlating the number of particles generated to the saline concentration of the atomized solution it is proposed and it represents well the experimental data.
Caracterização e diagnóstico ambiental das zonas de amortecimento de áreas naturais legalmente protegidas. Estudo de caso: Estação Ecológica de São Carlos e Estação Ecológica de Itirapina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Nora, Eloi Lennon Dalla; Santos, José Eduardo dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5148061251643365
The analysis of the economic development activities in the buffer zone of legally protected natural areas contribute to the identification of elements that answer about the functionality, the contradictions and the limits of the landscape human activities, and ultimately, reflect about the interrelationship between society and environment. In this context this work was developed with the objective to characterize the physical structure of the landscape, the natural potential and the predisposition to the environmental risks associated to the human activities in the buffer zones of the Ecological Stations of São Carlos and of Itirapina, state of São Paulo. To understanding the dynamics of the human activities in the buffer zones of the Ecological Stations of São Carlos and of Itirapina and for targeting ecological areas that provide goods and services to the society, in the perspective of subsidizing yours management plans and conservation, this study proposed a landscape structure digital database at scales of observations that meet various mapping criteria (geomorphology, pedology, hydrography, road net, settlements). The monitoring land use for characterizing anthropogenic and natural surfaces of the buffer zone it was elaborated for the years of 1990, 2000 and 2009, based on the use of the Geographical Information Systems and image TM/Landsat-5. The dynamics of the land use pattern in the study period should reflect the result of the human activities in the buffer zone and of the compromising environmental functions carried out by legally protected natural areas.
Citogenética de espécies de siluriformes da região de transposição do Rio Piumhi (MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Kantek, Daniel Luis Zanella; Moreira Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1248986172165882
At the beginnig of the 60 was concluded the building of the Furnas dam over the Rio Grande, wich belongs to Parana river watershed. When the gates of the hydroelectric were closed, a dike was built to contain the waters of the dam, in order to prevent the flooding of the city of Capitólio MG. However, this dike has dammed the river Piumhi, which, at that time, was an affluent of the Rio Grande. The Piumhi River was then diverted to São Francisco watershed. The present work aimed to characterizing, based on classic and molecular cytogenetic, some species of Siluriforms, actually found in the region of the transposition channel of the Piumhi River, to verify the occurrence of possible interrelationships between faunas of different watersheds, also realizing cytotaxonomic analysis. Were analysed the following species: Imparfinis schubarti with 18m + 34sm + 6st and RON simple interstitial, Cetopsorhamdia iheringi with 28m + 26sm + 4st and RON simple interstitial, Pimelodella vittata with 16m + 22sm + 8st and RON simple terminal, Rhamdia sp. A aff. R. quelen with 26m + 16sm + 14st + 2a and RON simple terminal, Rhamdia sp. B aff. R. quelen with 28m + 20sm + 10st and RON simple interstitial, Rhamdiopsis sp. cf. R. microcephala 12m + 30sm + 14st and RON simple interstitial, Trichomycterus brasiliensis with 34m + 18sm + 2sm and RON simple interstitial, Pimelodus pohli with 28m + 16sm + 10st +2a with RON simple terminal and Parauchenipterus galeatus with 26m + 16sm + 14st + 8a. Classical and molecular cytogenetic data (rDNA 18S e 5S) obtained to the species Imparfinis schubarti, Cetopsorhamdia iheringi, Pimelodella vittata, Rhamdia sp. A aff. R. quelen, Rhamdia sp. B aff. R. quelen and Rhamdiopsis sp. cf. R. microcephala, in comparative analysis with other results available in literature, corroborates with the traditional taxonomic literature of Heptapteridae family, including the formation of subclade Nemuroglanis. The results led to considerations about aspects of the taxonomic species, as well as possible relations of these with the transposition of the river Piumhi.
Organização do trabalho do professor : jornada, contrato e conflitos trabalho-família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Faria, Graciela Sanjutá Soares; Rachid, Alessandra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6981682198988902; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5004721589002988
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the work organization of elementary and high school teachers in public schools in the State of São Paulo, focusing on their working hours, the diversity of existing labor contracts and the conflict between family and work. For this purpose, data was gathered from RAIS (Annual Report of Social Information), issued by the Labor Ministry, containing information regarding working hours, labor contracts, wages, education and gender mix. A sample of 95 teachers answered a questionnaire, 17 of whom were also interviewed. Many teachers were hired on a temporary basis. With regard to the total number of hours devoted to work, there was a wide variation in the sample of teachers surveyed, some working few hours a week and many who worked over 44 hours weekly. As a result, the teachers stated that they experienced work-family conflicts, especially those arising at work and impacting on the family. The most common conflicts caused by work arise when teachers have to correct tests, teach at night, and attend weekend courses. Conflicts originating from the family are mainly due to illness, the teacher s or that of the family. In order to reconcile these two spheres, teachers resort mainly to absenteeism.
Defesas contra herbivoria no cerrado: síndromes de defesa e originalidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Silva, Danilo Muniz da; Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5283017931981878
Plants have traits against herbivory that may occur together and increase defense efficiency. We tested whether there are defense syndromes in a cerrado community and, if so, whether there is a phylogenetic signal in them. We measured nine defense traits from a woodland cerrado community in southeastern Brazil. We tested the correlation between all pairs of traits and grouped the species into defense syndromes according to their traits. Most pairwise correlations of traits were complementary. Plants with lower specific leaf area also presented tougher leaves, with low nitrogen, more trichomes, and tannins. We found five syndromes: two with low defenses and high nutritional quality, two with high defenses and low nutritional quality, and one with traits compensating each other. There were two predominant strategies against herbivory in cerrado: tolerance and low nutritional quality syndromes. Phylogeny was not determining the suite of traits species presented; so, herbivory could be regarded as a biotic factor selecting these traits. Complementarity allows species coexistence and more efficient use of niche. Originality of a species is how much that species contributes to rarity of traits. Here we (1) tested the relation between abundance and both phylogenetic and phenotypic originalities and (2) compared abundance-based extinctions to random ones. We measured nine defense traits, phylogenetic information and abundance from a woodland cerrado community in southeastern Brazil. Abundance was not related to neither phylogenetic nor functional originalities; phylogenetic and phenotypic originalities were not related. Abundance-based extinctions were not different from random. However, the originalities were concentred in few species and four of the more original species were among the rarest. These species contribute to rarity of traits more than common ones and they may contribute to compensatory dynamics and to maintenance of community stability. Thus, species abundance may not be a predominant factor to the maintenance of functions in cerrado.
Política de línguas no Mercosul: o embate/relação entre o português, o espanhol e o guarani como línguas oficiais do bloco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Silva, Tânia Mara da; Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5809579658012683
Este estudio titulado Política Lingüística en el Mercosur: El choque / relación entre el español, el guaraní y el portugués como idiomas oficiales del bloque es un intento de realizar un estudio dentro de un enfoque enunciativo y histórico del lenguaje. Esta perspectiva de trabajo se eleva desde el decreto de diciembre de 2006, que incluyó el guaraní como idioma oficial del Mercosur (Mercado Común del Sur),así como el portugués y español. En esta propuesta de investigación nos proponemos reflexionar, dentro de una perspectiva de la Semântica do Acontecimento desarrollada principalmente por Guimarães (2005), acerca de cómo las lenguas se ven afectadas en su funcionamiento. Para ello traeremos brevemente, para esta discusión el concepto de la globalización y sus bordes, y también algunos conceptos utilizados en la Semântica do Acontecimento, como espacio de enunciación, político, y otros. Nosotros entendemos que hoy nuestra sociedad se organiza a través de un nuevo orden, este fue llamado por muchos como globalización. Percibido como la creciente interdependencia de los pueblos y países del mundo, en términos de integración económica, social, cultural y política. El mundo, entonces, empieza a organizarse de modo distinto, en medio a la tensión entre la centralidad del Estado y la fuerza de la que ahora se llama, en bloques. Elegimos aquí estudiar cómo este nuevo diseño político, llamado globalización, ha afectado a las políticas lingüísticas, que ahora superan la barrera de los estados-nación, y empiezan a funcionar en los llamados bloques económicos. Para ello, hacemos hincapié en el personaje principal de este nuevo espacio de enunciación: los idiomas oficiales. Por lo tanto, nuestra pregunta se centra en el papel de las lenguas oficiales del Mercosur. Y como se organiza este nuevo espacio de enunciación. De acuerdo con Guimarães (2006), entendemos la lengua oficial como la que es obligatoria en las acciones formales del Estado y en sus instrumentos jurídicos. Y el espacio de enunciación como la forma en que se distribuyen las lenguas. Con respecto al guaraní en los procedimientos legales tiene los mismos derechos y deberes de una lengua oficial, así como el portugués y español. Sin embargo, fuera del estatuto jurídico, vemos que no es interpretado como un idioma oficial. Por lo tanto, tratamos de mostrar que la distribución de los idiomas oficiales en el espacio de enunciación del Mercosur está marcado por una diferencia políticamente construida. Para aclarar este punto nosotros utilizaremos del concepto de político de Guimarães (2002), que se caracteriza precisamente por su carácter de desigualdad entre una normatividad y lo real.
Estrutura das comunidades fitoplanctônica e zooplanctônica, com ênfase na produção secundária do zooplâncton, e fatores ambientais relacionados nos reservatórios do Baixo rio Tietê, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Santos, Renata Martins dos; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6065927314969856
The present study aimed to analyze the zooplankton community dynamics and its relationships environmental factors in Promissão, Nova Avanhandava and Três Irmãos reservoirs placed in the Low Tietê River sub-basin, SP, Brazil. It also had the objective of analyzing patterns of spatial and temporal fluctuations in density, biomass and secondary production of the zooplankton community. Sampling in each reservoir was carried out in a fixed point, at three depths in the water column: surface, intermediate and bottom layers, during four periods: July and September 2008 (dry period) and January and May 2009 (rainy period). Main physical and chemical variables were measured in situ and samples of water were taken for laboratory measurements of nutrients, suspended matter and chlorophyll a. Quantitative phytoplankton and zooplankton samples were collected with a motorized suction pump and filtered through plankton nets. The taxonomical composition and numerical density of both communities were determined and the biomass and secondary production of zooplankton were quantified. Zooplankton organisms were sorted out by species, measured regarding sizes and biomasses and had their secondary production estimated. Biomass and production were calculated for Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda using different methodologies according to the taxonomical group. Results obtained evidenced that all three reservoirs were oligotrophic, although the first two with tendency to mesotrophy. The highest values of density and production occurred in the rainy period. The maximum zooplankton production was 51,671.4 μg DW. m-3.day-1) in Promissão Reservoir in September, 2008. P:B ratio varied from 0.01 to 1.91 for Rotifera; from 0.01 to 2.14 for Cladocera and from 0.15 to 3.13 for Copepoda. Rotifera were numerically dominant, but Copepoda dominated in biomass and secondary production. There is a decrease in trophic state and an increase in water quality from the first (Promissão) to the third reservoir (Três Irmãos). Hydrological factors (discharge and water residence time), climatic factors (mainly temperature and precipitation) and biological (food quality and availability) were the main factors controlling zooplankton fluctuations. Zooplankton production was one order of magnitude higher in Promissão and Nova Avanhandava than in Três Irmãos Reservoir.
Implantação da gestão da qualidade em uma pequena empresa de base tecnológica por meio de pesquisa-ação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Gonçalves, Marcos Pereira; Martins, Manoel Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8461920873169242
Quality management is showing as one of the main strategies for organizations competitiveness capacity increase, mainly in a dynamic market environment point by a hard competition between products and services suppliers. The quality management relevance did result in a diffusion of concepts, techniques, standards and models aimed to orient such systems implementation, as the ISO 9001 - 2000 reference model each has been widely adopted by organizations. However quality management system implementation is a challenger task where the success depends on a consistent managing effort and a priority strategy aligned to the specific features of each organization. The technology based enterprises has specific features that indicates the ability to absorb new knowledge and priority for technology strategy associated to the new products and process development. This research presents the quality management implementation process in a technology based company, approaching the planning and the more relevant actions in the context of those typical company features, specially the product development process, the performance measurement system, and continuous improvement systems. The action research methodology has been adopted as it is a participative method that enables to achieve the practical objectives, quality management implementation, and the knowledge objectives about the action development. The implementation process observation unveils the main difficulties and solutions founded in order to attend the company demands. As a contribution, the observation analysis in the context of the theoretical background enables to build a correlation between those company features and the quality management system implementation needs, in a way to consolidate a proposal for a specific conceptual perspective for quality management system for other similar companies. As a practical result, the quality management system implementation brought effective gains in productivity measured by the main company performance indicators.
Genes candidatos para características de produção de carne em famílias de referência da raça Nelore
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Tizioto, Polyana Cristine; Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754030540306395
To remain competitive in the market of meat production, it is crucial that the Brazilian producer is aware of the criteria used by consumers for local and international markets. One factor that determines the beef quality is genetics, so it is necessary to conduct studies in Brazil to understand the genetic variation of carcass and meat quality traits in order to outline plans to improve such attributes. Backfat thickness (BFT) and ribeye area (RAE) are characteristics of late measurements, so the investigation of molecular markers associated with these characteristics can help in their inclusion in breeding programs. In cattle, some polymorphisms have been related to characteristics of meat production. Thus, this work aimed to assess the presence of polymorphisms in candidate genes PPARGC1A (peroxisome proliferative active recptor gamma coactivator 1A), FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4), DDEF1 (development and differentiation enhancing factor 1), Leptin, PSMC1 (proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase, 1) and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factors) and associate them with production traits in reference families of Nellore breed. We used 280 steers descendants of 20 sires, that were chosen to represent the variability in Nellore. The sires were genotyped for all markers to investigate their allelic distribution within the race. The SNPs of the leptin and PSMC1 genes showed no variability in the bulls, so these were not genotyped in the progeny. The other markers were genotyped for the whole population. The investigation of the effects of markers on the characteristics was performed using a mixed model, including fixed and random effects, using the restricted maximum likelihood method. There was a significant association (P<0,05) between FABP4 and BFT and a suggestive association (P<0,10) between fat gain in the feedlot and these marker. Significant association was found between RAE, weaning weight (WW) and yearling weight (YW) and the DDEF1 gene and a suggestive association between the IGF-1 gene and YW in this sample of Nellore cattle.
Variação anual da diversidade e produção secundária de Rotifera do reservatório da UHE de Furnas-MG, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Negreiros, Natalia Felix; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3086420642087602
The UHE-Furnas is a reservoir built in 1963 for hydroelectricity generation, but also exploited for multiple purposes. In the last decades it has been subject to continuous antropic impacts as the discharges of domestic and industrial non-treated effluents and the agricultural runoff, thus undergoing progressive nutrient enrichment. Rotifera is an important component group of the zooplankton community, playing relevant role in the transfer of energy and matter in freshwater food chains. Studies on their diversity and productivity can contribute to the understanding of the reservoir as a whole and contribute for the conservation of aquatic biota. The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial seasonal changes of Rotifera species composition, diversity and production, verifying its relationships with the abiotic factors. Rotifera assemblages were sampled monthly in four localities and six points at the Sapucaí compartment of Furnas Reservoir, including four points in the limnetic and two in the littoral region, during the period between August 2006 and July 2007. The main physical and chemical variables were measured in situ and samples were taken for nutrients and chlorophyll a quantification. The Sapucaí compartment had low nutrient concentrations characterizing an oligotrophic system. The Rotifera assemblage was composed by 51 taxa of common occurrence in tropical regions. The highest species richness and population equitability were recorded in the dry period, but there were no significant changes in assemblages composition among sites. Mean production was 31.79 μg PS. m-3.day-1 in the rainy season and 14.27 μgPS. m-3.day-1. The species that contributed most to the production were Conochilus unicornis and Trichocerca chattoni, in the rainy season and C. unicornis, Plationus patulus and Collotheca sp in the dry period. The highest values were recorded in spring-summer seasons, realted to the increases on phytoplankton biomass. The mean P:B ratio was 0.51 corresponding to a turnover time of 1.96 days. Production values obtained for Rotifera were in the range of values reported in the literature for this group, in other oligotrophic reservoirs. Despite its small sizes and biomass when compared to other zooplankton groups, Rotifera assemblages had high biomass turnover rates thus playing important role in nutrient cycling and energy transfer in UHE-Furnas Reservoir.
Mudanças institucionais e gestão pública: sobre a reforma gerencial de 1995
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Miranda, Daniel Estevão Ramos de; Nogueira, Marco Aurélio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2644317935020891; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336876650420963
This research has as object the Brazilian managerial reform of 1995. Situating it in the context of transformations through which Brazil was passing since end of seventies, context that was marked by the democratic transition, aims to contribute to a greater understanding of that experience of administrative reform. It is propose here that the ways and proportions that the managerial reform has assumed were strongly influenced (i) by the form as the redemocratization process and the eighties crises ended, that means, by the hegemonic affirmation of a reforms platform by the election of Fernando Henrique Cardoso FHC to the Presidency of Republic and (ii) by the role of Bresser- Pereira, Administration Minister of period, and its team with the aims of to elevate the legitimation degree of its proposals, and, consequently, of to get more supports and resources. The main conclusion is that MARE (Administrative and State Reform Ministry) became one the greater gravitation centers of the debates involving the historical signification and purposes of FHC government, despite it do not be among the mains responsible actors by the concretization of the big reforms conceived for the restructuration of Brazilian public sector.
O Programa Universidade para Todos e a inserção de negros na educação superior : a experiência de duas Instituições de Educação Superior de Mato Grosso do Sul - 2005 - 2008
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Marques, Eugenia Portela de Siqueira; Silva Junior, João dos Reis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7470123176068422; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4276993654278057
In this Doctoral Thesis the implantation of the University for All Program (ProUni) has been analyzed for the period of 2005 2008 and the insertion of Negroes into higher learning, bringing out this implementation in two Institutes for Higher Learning localized in Campo Grande, South Mato Grosso. ProUni is a public policy elaborated in the context of the reform of higher learning during the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva that envisions the democratization of access to this level of learning, by conceding scholarships for partial or fulltime studies. The fundamental presupposition that sustained this Thesis is the following: although ProUni is a policy focused and elaborated within the neoliberal context, it can represent a strategy of access and permanence for young Negroes into higher learning. On explaining and understanding the aim of the research, as well as its guiding theme, three questions came up during this process. Is ProUni one of the conquests of the Negro Social Movements for the implementation of policies of affirmative action or merely a strategy for the transfer of public resources to the private sector via fiscal exemption? Does the insertion of Negroes into higher learning by way of racial quotas sharpen the debate on racial bias or question the ideology of the racial democracy myth in Brazilian society? Do the Programs of promotion of racial equality represent conquests for the Negro population or appear as a centralized and newly signified policy by the convergent antagonism between the Negro Social Movement and the government, which process was initiated during the presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso? In this perspective, the objectives of this investigation consist of: a) analyze the implantation of the University for All Program (ProUni) in the context of higher learning in the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva seeking to identify its significance as a policy for democratization which envisions the insertion of negroes into higher learning; b) investigate the significance of ProUni for the scholarship students, specially in what refers to their permanence in university courses; c) investigate the perception of the scholarship students of ProUni, as to the policies of affirmative action, the quota policies, racial discrimination and racial bias. The Thesis presents the struggle of the Negro Social Movements for the implantation of public policies for the promotion of racial equality, in the context of the historical reconfiguration of the role of the Brazilian State. It shows the theoretical debate and the contradictions on the policies of affirmative action, the system of quotas and ProUni. The research was carried out with the application of socioeconomic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with thirty-one Negro students, studying at night, in the Law and Pedagogy courses of the two Institutions of Higher Learning in Campo Grande MS. The classification and analysis of the legislation that oriented and normalized the implantation of ProUni on a national scale was carried out along with the bibliographical research, which makes up the theoretical basis for the realization of this Thesis. The conclusion points out that the problems relative to racial inequalities and the access of young negroes to higher learning in Brazil will certainly not be solved by the intermediation of ProUni and focalized policies, and can be gradually withdrawn at the same rate as policies of a universalist character are able to guarantee for all Brazilians, the right to citizenship and a dignified life, independently of the color of their skin.
Efeitos de um programa educacional para atendentes visando a independência de jovens com deficiência intelectual institucionalizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-22) Boueri, Iasmin Zanchi; Almeida, Maria Amélia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0316944549621648; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5815233970479685
The general aim of the present research was to evaluate the efficacy of an Educational Program with institutional caregivers trained in the work environment with the objective to teach youngsters with intellectual disabilities to be independent in daily living activities. For better design, the research was divided in two studies I and II). The objective of Study 1 was to elaborate a contingency adapted Educational Program for the institutional caregivers in their own work environment. The participants were six institutional caregivers who were working with youngsters diagnosed with intellectual disabilities. Interviews and observations were made in order to identify the daily living activities that were applied with those youngster and also the difficulties of the work done with the residents. An Educational Program proposal was elaborated from the obtained data whose objective was to soften the mentioned difficulties, as well as to promote the behavior changes in the participants, making the caregivers more capable to teach behaviors that could make the residents more independent. The objective of Study 2 was to evaluate the effects of the implementation of the Educational Program for the institutional caregivers developed during Study 1. Ten participants took part in the second study being: five intellectually disabled youngsters that inhabited in a residential institution and five direct support professionals (caregivers) that were in everyday contact with the residents. A multiple-probe design was used to verify the effects of the intervention, as it allows the demonstration of the experimental control validity, since the independent variable is introduced sequentially in different moments among the participants, and the dependent variable is measured before, during and after the implementation of the Educational Program. The frequency data recording of events served to evaluate the initial repertory and the behavior changes of the participants during and after the implementation of the caregivers in service training, and also allowed to follow up caregivers and residents performance when the intervention was no longer applied. The participants were grouped in pairs and went through all the experimental phases (baseline, probes, intervention and maintenance). The baseline and probes were developed at the same time with all pairs and the experimental phases occurred in different moments for each pair. The obtained results show that it is possible, after the implementation of an Educational Program, to modify the contingencies found in the residential institutions, making them favorable to the learning of behavior related to the development of daily living activities. When one make the contingencies favorable, it is possible to verify the development of the resident s potential, as they acquire more independence in the activities realization. The study brings out the discussion about the implementation of Educational Programs in institutions for people with intellectual disabilities.