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Estratégias tecnológicas em transformação: um estudo da indústria farmacêutica brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Santos, Maria Clara Bottino Gonçalves; Pinho, Marcelo Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379079540322843
The aim of this research is to examine the extension of changes on technological strategies of a group of Brazilian pharmaceutical companies, which we believe were induced by transformations in the institutional environment, occurred during the 1990s. We support that important institutional changes, as Patent‟s and Generic‟s Laws, have induced transformations on market insertion and competitive position of this companies and also have stimulated research and development efforts in Brazil. The research was based on the technology strategy and pharmaceutical industry literature and also on interviews with a group of Brazilian pharmaceutical companies, which are among the top companies in the pharmaceutical national rank and which, through a preview academic study, give us signals of growing efforts in technology activities and of inflections in their technological strategies. The research confirmed that the studied companies passed through a significant intensification of their technology efforts, but they are still above the global level and without big impact. In fact, the Brazilian pharmaceutical companies developed new drugs, as the Helleva of Cristália and the Acheflan of Aché. Besides that, almost all the studied companies are involved with innovative projects. However, the number of patents is still very low, what reflects the reduced capacity of patentable innovations. Indeed, a considerable share of their technology efforts is directed towards products which are not patentable, as generic drugs. Hence, most of the Brazilian pharmaceutical companies focus on brands and other commercial assets as an appropriability mechanism.
Resposta magnética de supercondutores estruturados: dependência com a granulometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Trípodi, Alonso Campoi; Ortiz, Wilson Aires; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7370535537876972
The maximum critical current that a granular superconductor is able to transport is, in general, limited by the critical current of the weak-links (WLs), which connect neighbor grains. For samples whose intergranular critical current distributions are sufficiently narrow, the temperature dependence of the AC-susceptibility, ( ) '( ) ''( ) ACχ T=χT+iχ T, exhibits a characteristic structure, with two plateaus peaks in χ´ and two peaks in χ´´. The occurrence of an intergranular peak evidences a good control of the WL distribution concerning current transport capability, which, in general, depends on parameters that can be controlled during production of the granular samples. In order to study magnetic flux trapping in superconducting samples, one has to understand the weak-link behavior. The screening and trapping capabilities of a superconducting sample are reflected by the hysteresis loops which, properly treated, reveal the sample maximum capability to transport currents. In this work we have used niobium powder to study the magnetic response of the intergranular regions of compressed pellets; we have managed to understand the role of each of three parameters employed while preparing the pellets: pressure, grain size and its dispersion. We have studied the magnetic response (magnetization and AC susceptibility) dependence on such , controllable parameters. Dissertação de Mestrado Alonso Campoi Trípodi We noticed that samples prepared with higher pressures have larger capability to trap magnetic flux in the intergranular region and stronger WLs. On the other hand, samples with larger particles have WLs with higher critical temperatures, that is, pellets fabricated from larger particles exhibit more robust superconductivity. We have observed the Paramagnetic Meissner Effect, in the form of reentrant curves of Magnetization as a function of Temperature. Comparing pellets with different grain sizes, flux trapping was most efficient for samples with large particles and lower size dispersion. We verified also the metastable character of states prepared in such a way that flux was retained, comparing magnetization measurements before and after application of an AC field, which causes partial release of magnetic flux from intergranular regions, an effect similar to the so-called Vortex Shaking. We also conducted experiments as a function of the applied magnetic field the hysteresis loops aiming at obtaining the magnetic field dependence of the critical current, employing a critical state model for this task. We verified that, for lower temperatures, the critical current density is higher for pellets with larger particles and narrow size dispersion. In summing up, our results clearly indicate that, for a certain granulometry, larger compacting pressures lead to more diamagnetic responses, as well as to WLs with narrower superconducting transitions which turn off at larger temperatures. On the other hand, for a certain compacting pressure in pellets with narrow size dispersions, larger particles lead to stronger WLs.
Tipologia de traços linguísticos de textos do português do Brasil dos séculos XVI, XVII, XVIII e XIX: uma proposta para a classificação automática de gêneros textuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Souza, Jacqueline Aparecida de; Almeida, Gladis Maria de Barcellos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4046789388750478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8939049222796130
Based on methodological postulates of the Linguistic of corpus and on the genre concepts, proposed by Swales (1990) and Biber (1995), this research intends to describe linguistic traces which are characteristic of historic texts and correlate them to their respective genres, as well as propose a typology of traces so that it is possible to automatically identify the genre. In order to execute the research, the corpus of the Portuguese of the centuries XVI, XVII and XVII of the project Historical Dictionary of the Portuguese in Brazil (program Institutes of the Millennium/CNPq UNESP/Araraquara), which is constituted by 2,459 texts and 7,5 million words has been used. In order to realize a historical description, the study has started from synchronic characteristics obtained from the table of contemporary traces elaborated by Aires (2005). As for the manipulation of the corpus, it has been used the Philologic, the Unitex as well as another tool for the extraction and quantification of traces that has been developed. For the purposes of classification, algorithms available at Weka (Waikato Environment for knowledge Analysis) such as: Naive Bayes, Bayes Net, SMO, Multilayer Perceptron e RBFNetwork, J48, NBTree have been used. The description has been made based on the 62 traces, which include statistics based on a text as a whole and on words, including classes of verbs, pronouns, adverbs as well as discourse markers, expressions and lexical units. It has been concluded that the genres share specific linguistic characteristics. However, they also present their own standards with the use of specific expressions and the frequency of lexical units. Despite the limitations and complications in using a historical corpus, the performance of the classifiers based on the raised traces was satisfactory and the rate of correct classification was 84% and 92%.
Nanocristais de TiO2 : relação entre parâmetros morfológicos, estruturais e fotocatálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Mendonça, Vagner Romito de; Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4270375873948823
In this work, morphologically different TiO2 nanocrystals were synthesized through the OPM method with the objective of performing a comparative study related to photoactivity. Morphological characterization was performed with the use of SEM/FEG, DRX and low temperature N2 adsorption. Rhodamine B dye photocatalytic degradation experiments carried out under UVC radiation showed that synthesis at pH around 8 generates a material with higher photoactivity compared to the other values. Measurements of Zeta potential, X-ray absorption at XANES region, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and HRTEM images were obtained to verify the reason why the materials had different photoactivities. Under the conditions employed, there were two main particle characteristics from synthesis environment interfering in the materials photoactivities: the surface hydroxylation, which has a positive effect on photocatalysis, and the crystalline defects from crystal growth, that has a negative effect. Both characteristics increase with an increase in synthesis pH. The mechanism of degradation by hydroxyl radical attack, generated on the surface of the material, was used to explain the different photoactivities and the optimum synthesis pH. At pH around 8 the material has enough hydroxyl groups in its surface to result in higher photoactivity than those synthesized at lower pH values. And the charge recombination effects generated by defects due to particles oriented growth, which begins in a synthesis environment with pH close to 10, is not acting yet. These two factors cause synthesis at pH around 8 to result in materials with higher photoactivity.
Uma intervenção psicoeducativa com cuidadores de idosos com demência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Dornelles, Andréia Rosana Andrade; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8766330416600668
The ageing of the Brazilian population comes accompanied by a growing number of cases of dementia, especially cases involving Alzheimer‟s disease, as the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is directly related to age. Given that the majority of the Brazilian elderly are community-dwelling, but that there are few services for elderly people with dementia or for their caregivers, these families must discover, with or without adequate information, how to care for this person. This study focuses on the development and evaluation of an in-home intervention program, which aimed to improve the caregivers‟ capacity to act as therapeutic agents, increasing their abilities to maintain their own wellbeing and to promote the cognitive wellbeing of their relative with dementia, emphasizing the preparation of the caregivers to conduct cognitively stimulating activities. Five pairs of older people with dementia and their caregivers participated in this quasi-experimental study. To evaluate the impacts of the intervention program on the caregivers, data were collected before the beginning and after the conclusion of the program, using the following instruments: Zarit s Caregiver Burden Inventory, the Social Skills Inventory (Brazilian version), a qualitative evaluation of selected social skills, Lipp s Adult Stress Symptoms Inventory, knowledge acquisition tests (to evaluate the retention of new concepts at the end of each module), and a complementary questionnaire (to identify behaviors presented by the elderly relative that the caregiver considered to be problematic, how they managed these behaviors, and what they did to keep their relative active). Although cognitive stimulation can retard the progress of dementia, it cannot stop the advance of these diseases. A decrease in the elderly people‟s abilities during the intervention period would have a negative impact on indicators of the caregivers‟ wellbeing, interfering with the evaluation of the program. As such, the elderly people were also evaluated using the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and the Pfeffer Examination for Functional Activities (PEFA). Results concerning the impacts of the intervention program for the caregivers indicated statistically significant differences for: (a) a reduction in stress levels, t(4) = 4.47, p = 0,011, (b) an improvement in the caregivers‟ average scores on the knowledge acquisition tests, t(4) = 23.91, p < 0,001, (c) a trend indicating improvement in the Social Skills Inventory scores (Brazilian version), t(4) = 2,36, p = 0,77, and (d) according to the results gained via the complementary questionnaire, a 57% improvement in the use of strategies to manage the elderly relative‟s problematic behaviors, as well as a 100% improvement in the caregivers‟ abilities to conduct cognitively stimulating activities with their elderly relative. However, the caregivers no longer engaged in these activities at the time of the follow-up evaluations. As such, the intervention program helped the caregivers acquire new knowledge as well as to improve their abilities to conduct cognitively stimulating activities and to manage stressful situations involving their elderly relative. However, we still need to identify supports that could help sustain the caregivers‟ use of cognitively stimulating activities with their elderly relative, following the conclusion of an intervention program like the one described in this study.
Pedagogia da terra: olhar dos/as educandos/as em relação à primeira turma do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Amaral, Débora Monteiro do; Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8600829409961701
The present research investigated the point of view of the scholars from the course of Land Pedagogy at UFSCar (Federal University of São Carlos) about this course, which is, the first one in the State of São Paulo. This course began in the second semester of 2007 at this University and has the participation of students from settlements and camps in several cities in the State of São Paulo, the ones who belong to four different social movements: Movement of Rural Landless Workers (Movimentos dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra MST), Federation of Rural Salaried Farmers in the State of São Paulo (Federação dos Agricultores Rurais Assalariados de São Paulo FERAESP), Federation of Familiar Agriculture in the State of São Paulo (Federação da Agricultura Familiar do Estado de São Paulo FAF) and Organization of Settled Women and Quilombolas* in the State of São Paulo (Organização das Mulheres Assentadas e Quilombolas do Estado de São Paulo - OMAQUESP). The course started by having sixty students and has now (fourth stage), forty-three, being, out of this, thirty-nine women and four men. The course of Land Pedagogy is a course that came to exist due to the demand and claim of social movements and through partnerships with the National Institute of Colonization and Land Reform Institute (Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária INCRA) along with UFSCar and through the National Program of Education as for Land Reform (Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária PRONERA), what made it viable to organize as well as implement it in the state. The course of Land Pedagogy has as methodology the alternation pedagogy, with organizes the learning process of scholars in two different periods of time: the school-time, at which presential classes take place and communitytime, through practical activities and researches developed in the communities from which the scholars come. Based on this context the research brings along as main concepts the educational processes that occur in these communities, that is, the teaching and learning based on Paulo Freire s pedagogy, the disclosure of the land social movements and land education as far as the differentiation of rural education is concerned. In order to make it viable, we relied, as methodological and theoretical basis, on the purposes of the participating research, guided by Carlos Rodrigues Brandão s (1985, 2006) as well as Paulo Freire s (1983, 1992) elaborations. Three men and thirteen women from different settlements and of different ages and social movements took part in the study. The gathering of data relied on the collecting of bibliographical facts, general interviews, scouts, talks, observations, by accompanying the scholars at their school-time and community-time and notes in the field diary. The analysis of the data occurred in a shared way and based on the following categories: 1) Interdiction; 2) Otherness and 3) Solidarity. The data showed that the interdiction processes the scholars went through along their lives made it possible the creation of forms of resistance and overcoming of this question while mobilizing through their social movements and learn from these processes. It s noticeable that they learn along with and from the differences, being these cultural, generational and ideological ones, among others. It s also perceivable the solidarity, cooperation and collaboration as factors that along with the group, made it possible this course to exist. The alternation system enabled the indissolubility between practice and theory but hampered with the interaction among the students who attend the course and the university community. It becomes necessary the creation of spaces in which everybody from this community gets to know one another and dialogue about the course so that they can know how to respect one another and through dialogue to teach and to learn.
Parâmetros para o projeto de poltronas aeronáuticas : revisão da literatura e as práticas da indústria no setor de transportes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Souza, Jerusa Barbosa Guarda de; Menegon, Nilton Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6645446347296444
The comfort issue has gained increasing relevance in aircraft cabin projects, and has become a key variable in studies of passengers propensity to take flights as well as an advantage in a competitive market. Among different variables that can influence the passengers comfort perception, those concerning the seats seem to have great relevance. The initial aim of this research was to define the parameters of aircraft seat designs and compare them to the currently used. The literature review on seat parameters showed some results that confronted the data collected in our research. It also showed that the aviation industry lacks a complete understanding of usage of these parameters, once simply having the knowledge about the project parameters does not make them "ergonomic", especially because this condition depends on the interaction between the user and the object in a situation of usage. This research also aimed to study the practices currently used by the transport industry in terms of integrating ergonomic aspects and comfort to the product development process. In order to accomplish that, a benchmark took place in five different seat manufacturers for different means of transportation, highlighting common concepts, methods and tools, with special attention to how the companies analyze user seat usage as a project tool. The results showed that the concepts of ergonomics and passenger comfort adopted by most companies are, in fact, defined by the manufacuters. That means that the manufacturers limit themselves to following the standard requirements, measures, and anthropometric data when developing the project. Some companies develop daily analysis based on ethnographic and field research with future passengers to design their products, but this matter is still incipient. This research also observed that Pressure Mapping is a tool widely used to analyze user comfort issues. Anthropometric data is also an important tool for designing seats, usually scaled from the H point with the aid of a three-dimensional dummy. Above all, it was observed that the issue of passenger comfort does not seem to be more important than other factors, such as cost and safety issues. In addition to the benchmark, a pilot experiment was filmed during a flight to test new ideas and to develop a better method regarding passenger comfort based on the analysis of passenger seat usage in real situations, opening the door for future researches on these issues.
Papel do sistema histaminérgico na memória emocional de camundongos expostos e reexpostos ao labirinto em cruz elevado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Gianlorenço, Anna Carolyna Lepesteur; Mattioli, Rosana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5694498670428619; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3861050459671690
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of histaminergic substances on anxiety and emotional memory in mice exposed and re-exposed to the Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM). For this, two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of L-histidine on anxiety and emotional memory and contribution of the H 1 antagonist (chlorpheniramine) for these effects. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of chronic treatment with chlorpheniramine (CPA) on anxiety and emotional memory. The experiments were performed with Swiss-albino mice (25-35g), using the model of the EPM in two consecutive days, exposure (T1) and reexposure (T2). In experiment 1, animals received combined intraperitoneal injection pretrial in T1: SAL/SAL (saline + saline), LH/SAL (L-histidine 500mg/kg + saline) and LH/CPA (Lhistidine + Chlorpheniramine 16mg/kg). The combined injection was executed by one first injection, followed by a second injection 30 minutes later. The test was performed in the EPM 10 minutes after the last injection. Each animal was positioned on the center platform of the maze facing the open arm and had five minutes to explore. After 24 hours (T2), the animals received the same pharmacological treatment of the previous day and were re-exposed to the EPM, following the procedures described. In experiment 2, the procedure was the application of chronic injections of SAL or CPA, intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 15 days. After this period, on the first day of test (T1), the animals were injected i.p. with SAL or CPA and 40 minutes later were exposed to EPM for 5 minutes. In T2, the animals received the same pharmacological treatment the previous day and were re-exposed to the EPM. For each dose of CPA (8mg/kg and 16mg/kg) the animals were separated into four groups based on chronic treatment. In both experiments, the tests were recorded for the analysis of ethological measures and conventional measures [number of entries in open arms (OAE), enclosed (EAE) and total number of entries (TE), time spent in open arms (OAT), enclosed (EAT) and central area (CT), and their respective percentages]. Anxiety was assessed by the activity in the open arms (OA) in T1 (OAE, %OAE, OAT and %OAT), and decreased exploration of open arms on re-exposure was considered indicative of learning and memory. For data analysis, ANOVA (Two-way) followed by multiple comparison test Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) (p <0.05) were used. The results of experiment 1 did not show difference between the groups in the variables related to exploration in the open arms (OAE, %OAE, OAT and %OAT). The control group SAL/SAL and the LH/CPA group had a significant reduction in these variables in T2, which was not observed in the group treated with LH/SAL. There was no significant change in locomotor activity in either group. The results of experiment 2 showed no significant difference between groups in variables related to anxiety, and there was no significant change in locomotor activity. Only the group treated exclusively with CPA (16mg/kg) showed significant reduction in measures OAE, %OAE, OAT and %OAT between test days (SNK <0.05). The results of experiment 1 indicated that the L-histidine caused a deficit in acquisition or recall of information of aversive open arms, and that chlorpheniramine was able to reverse this effect, suggesting the action of LH via the H1 receptor. The results of experiment 2 indicated that the chronic application of CPA did not affect the anxiety levels of mice exposed to the EPM and the information of aversive OA obtained in T1 was recalled only for animals treated exclusively with CPA (16mg/kg).
A utilização da tecnologia assistiva como um recurso para inclusão escolar de alunos com sequelas de mielomeningocele
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Assis, Caroline Penteado de; Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8340141413527560
Research on the inclusion of students with myelomeningocele held in the country discuss only the access of students to the school context. Further research in this area of education has become necessary to investigate directly the reality of these students in the regular schools. As these students can develop various sequelae that interfere with school performance there is a need for the use of assistive technology to provide greater autonomy and independence in the school context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify, analyze and discuss the use of Assistive Technology, according to the consequences presented by the students with myelomeningocele included in regular schools. There were eleven participants, including four children with sequelae of myelomeningocele and seven teachers (four in the regular classroom and three from the specialized educational services). For data collection five instruments were used, built specifically for this study: two interview scripts, which described the inclusion of pupils, in the opinion of the teachers of regular classrooms and a Resource Scale of Teachers' Perception on Myelomeningocele which aimed to survey the academic performance of pupils and the level of aid of the technologies used by them in the school environment, the Script Observation of Student Performance with myelomeningocele used to describe the student achievement in the school context and finally Script Categorization of the Use of Assistive Technology in the School Context, which provided the guidance note on the use of technology in the school context. The results indicated that demand exists due to deployment of resources on school performance presented by students with myelomeningocele sequelae, but the unique features found to promote the participation of four students in the school context are two wheelchairs and an orthesis for positioning the ankle, ie, resources that the student brought to school. It was possible to see that there is little or no knowledge on the part of school personnel about the potential for practical implementation of technology resources, which are related to lack of training and identifying the real needs and potential of students.
Efeito das condições de preparação da [CTA+]-SiMCM-41 na atividade da transesterificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Cruz, Fernanda Tátia; Cardoso, Dilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9642834984473672
The hybrid [CTA+]-SiMCM-41 mesoporous material (where CTA+ is the cetyltrimethylammonium cation) was employed as synthesized in the transesterification reaction between ethyl acetate and methanol. This is a model reaction to test catalysts for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and fats. The basic sites of this catalyst were identified as the siloxy anions, generated by the presence of CTA+ cations (≡SiO-CTA+). As the MCM-41 pores are obstructed by these cations the catalytic reaction occurs probably at the pore mouth. The aim of this work was to evaluate different methods of synthesis, studying the effect of thermal parameters treatment (time and temperature) in the activity of as synthesized catalysts. It was observed that the catalytic activity performance is directly related with a better hexagonal structure organization of the samples, then the most organized mesoporous phase presents a larger amount of organized pores. Therefore, the catalytic sites (anions ≡SiO -) are more accessible to catalyze the reaction.
Estudo limnológico da Lagoa dos Tropeiros, Capitólio, MG, com ênfase na comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) França, Roberta Sebastiany; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
The studies on the diversity and functional role of benthic macroinvertebrates in lake ecosystems can provide relevant informations regarding the functioning and the health of these freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study was to analyze the Tropeiros Lake, located in the municipality of Capitólio (MG), performing a limnological evaluation of the ecosystem and ecological investigation on the diversity of the benthic macroinvertebrate community. Thus, changes in the taxonomical composition, abundance, diversity, biomass and the taxa participation in the trophic functional groups were analyzed. Water and sediment were sampled in October 2006 and 2007 (dry periods) and in March 2007 and 2008 (rainy periods). The results evidenced that Tropeiros Lake is a shallow environment with maximum depth of 3 m, densely colonized by macrophytes and with high water transparency. It has low concentration of nitrogen with predominance of the ammonium ion, low concentrations of phosphorus being organic phosphate the predominant compound, low pH values with water varying from neutral to slightly acid and moderate water electrical conductivity. The sediment has high clay and organic matter contents. The Discriminant Analysis separated the sampling periods, grouping the similar rainy periods but separating the dry ones. According to the trophic state index the lake was classified as oligotrophic during the rainy periods and mesotrophic during the dry periods. Benthic community was composed by 81 taxa, mainly represented by the members of the Order Diptera, especially those belonging to the families Chironomidae and Chaoboridae. The trophic guild of collectors was the most representative, with minimum abundance of 57.2%, with the taxa Chironomus sp, Goeldichironomus sp and Tanytarsus sp, followed by that of the predators, having Chaoborus and Ablabesmyia sp as the main taxa. The mean biomass determined for the macroinvertebrate community of Tropeiros Lake was 0.94 g. m-2. Except Chironomus sp, that was abundant, regarding both, numbers and biomass, a different condition was observed for the taxa as Pisidium pulchellum, Melanoides tuberculata and a Libellulidae nymph that were numerically less abundant but contributed significantly for the total biomass. Regarding the trophic guilds, predators was more representative in the periods of October 2006 and March 2007 than the collector guild, in terms of biomass. The same was observed regarding the macroinvertebrates contribution to the biomass in each trophic guild, where predators were more abundant than collectors in October 2006 and March 2007, evidencing the importance of this approach in ecological studies. The method based on K-dominance curves (ABC curves) indicated that Tropeiros Lake is under moderate perturbation according to the cumulative values of abundance and biomass. This results corroborates those obtained for lake trophic state index, based on the mean biomass when compared to environments of different trophic states and with the species composition, formed by both, group of tolerant species as well as those more sensible to adverse environmental conditions.
O boato sob o foco linguístico-discursivo filtrado por lentes bakhtinianas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Borges, Sandra Mara Azevedo; Miotello, Valdemir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9829917906425885
Rumor is an activity of language, which is present in people‟s daily lives, regardless of country, culture, socio-economic and political regime, or time. It is likely to exist in any group of people. Being an object of study in various fields of knowledge such as anthropology, psychology, history, sociology, communication, it seemed appropriate to research it within a linguistic-discursive view. This research relies mostly on Mikhail Bakhtin‟s Philosophy of Language maily considering the following reflections made by the Russian master: dialogism, otherness, text/utterance (Fr. énoncé), audience, context, theme and meaning, meaning construction, discursive genres, among others. Also the category of will to truth brought about by Michel Foucault, as well as specific contributions from various authors on rumor were taken in this study to investigate the following aspects: (a) how this language activity takes place, (b) how such a saying constitutes a speaking subject, (c) what makes a rumor spread and another immediately fade (d) which is its materiality, (e), which differentiates it from a truth and a lie, (f) which causes a rumor to sustain so many official and unofficial actions, so many sayings, (g) how its authoring takes place, (h) how it is constituted, (i) whether the rumor is a speech genre, and if so whether it is a primary or a hybrid genre, (j) if the rumor happens only in oral language, or else, in writing, and also how it takes place (k) how it spreads (l) what its trigger is. These reflections were presented in four chapters, namely: (1) From A Rumor ..., which puts forth the desire to investigate rumor, its theoretical support, and data collection; (2) The Encounter with the Chameleon, which offers, through a dialogue with various researchers, a responsive understanding about the rumor‟s birth and mutation , its spreading, and gaining of credibility; (3) The Chameleon in a Project to Saying, a Will to Truth, which analizes linguistic-discursively three texts that address the Cuban athletes‟ mass desertion rumor during the 2007 Pan American Games, held in Rio de Janeiro; (4) finally, The Chameleon and other animals in the Yellow-Green Country which brings up the use of the term rumor in Brazil and other words of similar meaning such as gossip, hearsay, tittle-tattle, and others. The result of this research has perhaps raised more questions than answers, but it could certainly offer some more understanding about language, the world and the human being.
Simulação numérica de laminação da liga para implantes cirúrgicos ASTM F138
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Magro, Douglas Strini; Balancin, Oscar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8379205949387493; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4798529563197379
The hot rolling process is a kind of industrial method used in raw material manufacturing for surgical implant pieces. The hot rolling processing has been the subject of many studies and the knowledge of this process is very well established. However, this process requires the control of several parameters such as the geometry of billets and rolling rolls, the initial and finishing deformation temperatures and strain rates, pass schedule, total reduction of rolling process and the capacity of the equipment. The most important feature of the metallurgical processing is the final quality of the produced material, since all parameters described above act upon processing and they can change the material behavior. Therefore, the best would be that all the process parameters were well known and controlled. The aim of this work was to analyze how the rolling processing parameters like temperature, deformation, strain rate and stress level vary during hot rolling of an ASTM F138 alloy billets. This analysis was conducted using a commercial software based on finite elements methods developed for hot work processing simulation. The processing data were attained from an industrial plant and two similar passes of a hot rolling schedule were simulated. The first pass promoted the change of a billet from a square geometry to an oval shape and the second from oval to round shape. The evolution and distribution of strain, strain rate, temperature and stress throughout the billets during hot rolling were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the numerical simulation was efficient to describe parameter evaluations, since the results are similar to those observed in a real rolling processing. The achieved results can be used as a data base for analysis of defects and failures upon processing and also to progressive improvement of the industrial processing.
Educação ambiental e biodiversidade em unidades de conservação: mapeando tendências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Valenti, Mayla Willik; Oliveira, Haydée Torres de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3372580099450528
Protected areas (PAs) are especially interesting to develop environmental education (EE) activities, especially on biodiversity. In this study we carried out a diagnosis of the environmental education actions and biodiversity developed in protected areas and we analyzed the aspects that have influence on the tendencies of environmental education in that context. We analyze the education actions developed in Brazilian protected areas and on how 11 a public policy - the National Environmental Education Program (ProNEA) influences them using a questionnaire answered by 56 PAs. Besides, we deeply investigate the parameters of the educational practice by directly observing the visiting activities in five protected areas at São Paulo State. The questionnaires analysis showed that the environmental education developed in Brazilian protected areas present some of the principles of the new tendencies of environmental education and some principles of the public policies that have been developed in the last years in Brazil, mainly in participative management actions. Nevertheless, we have identified some distance between discourse and practice, mainly with respect to goals and carried out activities, as well as the use of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Similarly, we have found a great distance between theoretical and policies discourses and practice in the activities developed in the São Paulo State protected areas. On the other hand, we have identified some potentialities that could be promoted in this context: a diversity of methodological strategies and a presence of elements and situations which are favorable to improve the visitants notion of environmental issues complexity. We conclude that the elaboration and especially the implementation of specific public policies of environmental education to these areas will contribute to better explore these potentials, especially if it emphasizes the formation of the educators and the importance of using participative and dialogical methodologies, in accordance with the critical tendency of environmental education.
Complexos de metais de transição para o desenvolvimento de novas drogas neuroativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Cardoso, Carolina Riverin; Carlos, Rose Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4278751614890163
The biological role and pharmacological utility of histamine and 4-aminopyridine in the physiological medium has led us to the development of luminescent and photolabile metal-histamine and metal-4-aminopyridine donor that release histamine when exposed to visible light aim both research tools and therapeutic agents. In this work, we report on the synthesis, photochemical and photophysical studies and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding properties of cis-[Ru(phen)2(L)2]2+, L = histamine (Ru-him) and 4-apy (Ru-4apy). The 1H-NMR experiments and DFT calculations confirm the presence of two linkage isomers (binding through N1 or N3 of histamine) of Ru-him. In CD3CN the Ru- N1(histamine), R isomer, being favored whereas in protic solvents the Ru-N3(histamine), A isomer, is the major isomer. The presence of two isomeric populations is a possible explanation for the biexponential fluorescence decay of Ru-Him (1 = 184.7 ns and 2 = 43.76 ns). The cis-[Ru(phen)2(L)2]2+ are water soluble and highly colored with strong absorptions (~ 490 nm, 13000 mol-1 L cm-1) and a broad emission at 640 nm. They are thermally stable over the course of many hours in non-aqueous and aqueous solution but they are photochemically reactive. Photolysis in the visible absorption band of cis- [Ru(phen)2(L)2]2+ in the CH3CN and CH3OH solution causes an efficient photoreaction, converting them into cis-[Ru(phen)2(CH3CN)2]2+. L photorelease is also observed in pure water and in an aqueous buffer solution (Tris/HCl, pH 7.4) in the presence of BSA (1.0 x 10-6 mol L-1). The cis-[Ru(phen)2(L)2]2+ complex quenches the fluorescence of BSA by a combination of static and dynamic quenching, but no changes in the emission spectrum of BSA were observed when free histamine (2.5 x 10-6 to 5 x 10-5 mol L-1) or free 4- aminopyridine (2.5 x 10-6 to 9 x 10-5 mol L-1) were used as a quencher. This suggests that the [Ru(phen)2]2+ moiety presents structural features which are essential to L - BSA xii interaction. It is of relevance to note that the presence of BSA does not preclude the photorelease of L in complex cis-[Ru(phen)2(L)2]2+. Overall, these results are of particular interest to the design of intelligent metallodrugs based on photochemical and photophysical processes.
Diversidade cultural e educação escolar: perspectiva comunicativo-dialógica para o trabalho pedagógico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Moreira, Raquel; Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6893255777431807
The dissertation hereby presented and entitled Cultural Diversity and School Education: dialogic-communicative perspective for the pedagogical work comes up with an investigation result guided by the following research question: which elements favor or impede the pedagogical work which uses as its source the existing diversity in the classroom? The research was carried out in a Primary School 1st-year classroom of one of the Municipal Primary Schools of São Carlos, which are Learning Communities. In Learning Communities, the objective is to seek education based on the communicative rationality by Habermas, dialogicity by Freire and on the principles of the dialogic learning formulated by the Special Center of Theories and Practices to Overcome Inequalities (CREA/UB Spain), in which diversity at school is considered to be an educational advantage to be explored. As for the investigation, the guidelines were taken from the Critical Communicative Methodology of research, which has dialogue and social transformation as its axles. Its theoretical bases are elaborations by Habermas, Freire and CREA. The procedures of data collection and used resources were: a) communicative observation through keeping a daily journal and filming classroom situations; b) communicative reports, recorded or filmed, with the teacher, students families, students and volunteers of the investigated classroom; c) communicative discussion group with the same agents. The data was collected between August and December of 2008 and the analysis was carried out based on the chart recommended by the Methodology itself, through which aspects that generate obstacles and/or transformation in the evaluated reality are identified. The data analysis in this methodology is intersubjective and was carried out with the support of all the participants between October 2008 and June 2009. As a result, the presence of different people in the moments of teaching and learning is highlighted as a great favoring element, as well as the educator s concern in providing opportunities to talk about diversity, how different people build knowledge historically and how this affects our lives. By thinking of the elements that impede such a pedagogical work, the inexistence of a communicative curriculum which meets both the formative needs dreamed of by the families towards their children and what is intended in the laws which rule education in the country and in the city in question is highlighted. In addition, there is the difficulty in working with prejudice, discrimination and racism matters, which are still present in the different scopes in our lives. Furthermore, taking diversity as an educational advantage in the researched situation is also emphasized, thus revealing the interaction as the crucial element for a teaching practice which is based on diversity. Such an interaction is favoring if considered from an intercultural education, through a communicative rationality, which is effected through dialogicity. In this sense, the posture assumed by the teacher revealed fundamental.
Variação genética do arapaçu-liso Dendrocincla turdina (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) em uma população da Mata Atlântica. Uma contribuição para conservação dessas aves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Fazza, Ana Cristina; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1839789678954112
The Atlantic forest is reduced to less than 8% of its original extent, but still has one of the greatest diversity and endemism rates observed in the Neotropical forests. Therefore, this biome can be internationally considered an hotspot for conservation priority. Several taxa are threatened by the intense habitat fragmentation, particularly, some understory species of birds have a reduced ability of permanence in degraded places. Studies on the species Dendrocincla turdina demonstrate that it possesses sensitivity to local intense edge effects and it could even disappear at depleted environments. This lowers tolerance may be due to its high ecological specialization. We can verify the impacts of environmental degradation on the species through analysis of genetic diversity, which is made using molecular markers. A quite useful molecular marker for population studies are the microsatellites, however, some species have none described, preventing such analysis to be performed. Our aim was to identify and to characterize microsatellite loci for D. turdina and to analyze the genetic variability of a population of this species from an Atlantic Forest area in the Sao Paulo State, in order to contribute to the conservation of this species. It were identified and characterized nineteen microsatellite loci, of which 11 showed polymorphism for the studied population. So far there was not any described loci for the species The number of alleles for polymorphic loci ranged from 2 to 16. Only one locus (Dft12) presented deviations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, possibly due to the presence of null alleles. No pair of loci was in linkage disequilibrium. The genetic diversity varied from 0.08 to 0.91 and the observed heterozygosity from 0.07 to 0.80. The inbreeding coefficient for the population did not differ significantly from zero. The software Bottleneck indicated a possible occurrence of population bottleneck. The sex ratio was the expected 1:1. The described microsatellites amplified with success in other two species of the family Dendrocolaptidae (Xyphorhynchus fuscus and Sittasomus griseicapillus), indicating its potential use for population analysis of related taxa. The study produced valuable genetic tools for studies that seek to understand the diversity and genetic structure of the species D. turdina and possibly related groups. The analysis of the molecular biodiversity of species in habitats critically endangered, as the Atlantic forest, may be useful for conservation plans and management, aiding in the recognition and characterization of areas with larger genetic resources, in order to preserve the largest possible variability.
Intenções e gestos da política pública de economia solidária na afirmação dos direitos sociais: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Salomão, Silvana; Alves, Francisco José da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
This research seeks from the experience of the author and theoretical studies on issues of political and social rights, popular participation and solidarity economy, reflect on the limits and possibilities of Public Policy for Development of Economics in the affirmation of social rights. As a benchmark study highlights the "Program for Economic Development" of the municipality of São Carlos, from January 2001 until February 2010. The comments made highlight the membership of local governments to the theme of Solidarity Economy, the process of establishment and institutionalization of the Local Economy Policy Development, and the nature of the formation and composition of solidarity enterprises in the city.
Percepção dos docentes e doutorandos dos programas de pós-graduação em engenharia da Universidade Federal de São Carlos sobre indicadores de produção científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Rocha, Edneia Silva Santos; Hayashi, Carlos Roberto Massao; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9136586124586219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0671510926276134
Studies of Science, Technology and Society presented as a critical and interdisciplinary science and technology in a social context, in order to understand the general aspects of scientific and technological phenomenon. Thus, one of the areas in which their development directly influences society is the engineering, because the action of the engineer has always been associated with the transformation of the environment for human needs. In this sense, is the undisputed importance of scientific development of S&T, since it constitutes the result of studies carried out. This work is justified by the need to know the universe of scientific research in some areas of engineering that through the development of scientific literature there is a transformation of the acquired knowledge in new technologies and products aimed at an economic and social development in Brazil. Thus, we aim to develop bibliometric indicators of scientific output of professors and graduate programs of the Graduate Engineering Center of Engineering and Technology (CCET) of the UFSCar, and identify what types of scientific production are considered the most important. We used the psychophysical method of magnitude estimation and bibliometric approach. Characterized as the universe of research faculty and doctoral students in the area of Science and Engineering, Production Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Urban Engineering. Our sources of data and Lattes for the analysis of bibliometric data draw on Software Vantage Point. Regarding the perception of the research subjects, on the different types of publication, we sent a questionnaire according to the method of estimation of magnitudes for determining which types of scientific production are more important. As final results, we observed the growth of scientific production in all the Post‐graduate, with effective participation of doctoral candidates. Regarding the perception of the importance of different types of publication, we note that in general regard as the most important types of journal articles (international), Book (international) and Patent and less important as Paper presented in congress and unpublished work Event (journal abstract) and Work event (abstract). However, despite the subjects consider the work of minor events publications, more than sixty percent of their scientific work corresponds to the event and the other publication types make up just over thirty percent. The method of estimation Magnitudes ally bibliometrics to examine indicators of PC is efficient to check the status of art in the area of Engineering at UFSCar. Finally, we hope that this work can contribute to understanding the thinking of the faculty and doctoral students in engineering PPGs UFSCar for scientific output, yet it remains the expectation that the methods of magnitude estimation and Bibliometric Analysis can be used more often in the field CTS, allowing the generation of knowledge of how science and technology contribute to solving the problems of our society.
Avaliação do grau de autogestão dos empreendimentos econômicos solidários: elaboração de um modelo de análise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-26) Costa, Lucelia Borges da; Alves, Francisco José da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2741400963698629
The solidary economy is a different way to get work and income for people are excluded from labor market. However, many enterprises of solidary economy do not work because of deficiencies in the practice of self-management. This study aims to propose a model to analyze the self-management. Here, it is presented as a process where there are five degrees / types of self-management. The model was based on bibliographic review and experiences in advising cooperatives. The development of the model included a case study, which allowed adjust it, and the construction of scenarios which enabled a better understanding of the limits and possibilities of it.