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Efeitos de um programa de treinamento de força sobre variáveis da composição corporal, concentrações plasmáticas de leptina e resistina e qualidade de vida em mulheres pós-menopáusicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-14)
Botero, João Paulo
;
Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5429159170761764
Objective: To determine the effect of a resistance training program on body composition andplasmatic concentrations of leptin and resistin in pos-menopausal women.Methods: Twenty-three post-menopausal women (mean age = 56.52 ± 4.42 years) were submitted to12 months of resistance training, twice a week. The training program was performed in 3 sets of 8-10RMs maximal repetitions with an intensity of 75-85% of 1RM. Body composition (DXA), musclestrength (bench press, leg press 45º, arm curl), plasmatic concentration of resistin and leptin wereassessed before and after the training program. Paired Student s t test was used for Bodycomposition, muscle strength and plasmatic concentration of resistin and leptin and non-parametricWilcoxon test for variables of quality of life. Significance level was set at 5%.Results: After the resistance training program, there was a significant increase in muscle strengthand lean mass, and a significant reduction in body weight, fat percentage, fat mass, andconcentrations of leptin and resistin with consequent improvement in quality of life.Conclusions: the interpretation of the results shows that resistance exercise can have significanthealth benefits and quality of life and reduce the concentrations of Leptin and Resistin induced byaging in postmenopausal women.
Aplicação das técnicas espectroscópicas e quimiométricas no estudo do controle de qualidade das drogas vegetais: embaúba, malva e ginseng brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-14)
Leão, Katyúscya Veloso
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1584302888502091
In the last few years the phytotherapy has emerged as a drug form well accepted and accessible, causing the increase in demand for drugs based on plants throughout the world, becoming an attraction for the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore the investment in quality control have become of extreme importance to ensure safety and efficacy of products. Among many herbal drugs available on the market, this study evaluated commercial samples of embaúba, Brazilian ginseng and mallow, using NMR spectroscopic techniques, 1H NMR in solution, HRMAS 1H and IR allied to chemometric methods. For commercial samples of embaúba, observed by chemometric analysis of data obtained by 1H NMR in solution and IR, most commercial samples were grouped with the species Cecropia glaziovii. By 1H NMR in solution and 2D experiments and comparisons with literature data, it was possible the identification of α-glucose e β-glucose, β-frutofuranose and β-frutopyranose, valine, alanine, threonina, 4-aminobutanoic acid, glutamine and caffeoylquinic acid. For commercial samples of Brazilian ginseng, analyzed by the three techniques, it was observed that most commercial samples were grouped with the species Pfaffia glomerata and by 1H NMR in solution it was possible to identify valine, alanine, threonine and 4-aminobutanoic acid and the sugars: sucrose, α-glucose e α-glucose. For commercial samples of mallow two adulterated samples were detected and grouping of most commercial samples with specie Sida cordifolia. By NMR in solution it was possible to identify valine, threonine, alanine, sucrose, α-glucose and β-glucose, 4-aminobutanoic acid and the ephedrine compound in the aqueous extract of specie Sida cordifofia and in aqueous extract the of specie Malva silvestris valine, threonine, alanine and the malvone A compound were identified. It was found that NMR techniques combined with chemometrics where more efficient than infrared, demonstrating a great potential for quality control, enabling the evaluation of the chemical profile of a extract vegetable as a whole and highlighting the compounds with a greater contribution to the discrimination of species and the indication of a chemical marker.
Propriedades inter e intragranulares de amostras mesoscópicas de YBa2Cu3O7-δ ; preparadas por síntese química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-14)
Deimling, Cesar Vanderlei
;
Ortiz, Wilson Aires
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3543120613457891
This work consists of a systematic study of the evolution of the morphological characteristics and the superconducting properties of YBCO samples prepared using the Modified Polymeric Precursors Method (MPPM). Aiming at producing YBCO powder exhibiting the smallest possible intergranular contribution, we have studied, through scanning micrographs, x-ray difractograms and magnetic measurements; the effects of milling, ultrasonic treatments and the pelletizing pressure; the influence of the chelating agents citric acid, tartaric acid ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; as well as the calcinating temperature, on the morphology and the superconducting properties of this class of samples. From this studies we could conclude that the powder presents mesoscopic granulometry, being formed by aggregates, very difficult to dismantle without insertion a large amount of defects. AC-susceptibility measurements as a function of temperature were used to monitor the evolution of the line, Hc wl(T), which in a field versus temperature magnetic phase diagram, H x T, delineates the region above which the intergranular critical current density of the sample vanishes. Studying the effects of calcinating temperatures below 900°C, we have verified the possibility of monitoring the intergranular characteristics of powder YBCO samples. Above this temperature, the aggregates coalesce in such a way that the intergranular magnetic response is totally suppressed. In order to produce samples exhibiting a narrow intergranular critical current distribution, we have adopted the preparation route involving the chelating agent citric acid since, among all studied samples, those prepared using this route gave the best intergranular contribution to the magnetic response. Due to the mesoscopic granulometry and the high coalescence presented by those powders, sintering under temperatures in the interval from 920°C to 980°C resulted in pellets with the largest degree of inhomogeneity associated with the magnetic response, so that the line Hc wl(T) was impossible to determine. Preparing pellets pressed under 1500 kgf/cm2, 3000 kgf/cm2, 6000 kgf/cm2 and sintered in temperatures ranging from 870°C to 900°C, we could observe several kinds of singular behavior, such as a double superconducting transition, the Paramagnetic Meissner effect (PME) and the occurrence of two minima in magnetization versus magnetic field curves, M x H. Such effects are related with the intergranular properties, being more evident in superconducting granular samples presenting a narrow intergranular critical current distribution. Due to the narrow intergranular critical current distribution, which is a consequence of similar properties of the weak links (WLs), it became possible to build a phase diagram containing the Hc wl(T) line for such samples, including also Hc1(T), which separates the Meissner from the Mixed states. Both lines are extrinsic properties of the samples, since they depend on specific procedures adopted during sample preparation. Associating Hc wl(T) with the upper limit of superconductivity for the intergranular matrix, and Hc1(T) with the frontier of the Meissner state, we have verified two major classes of WLs were present. We were then able to model those boundary lines as if they were type II superconductors. The Ginzburg-Landau parameters obtained from this modeling process are: _0 wl = 19,7 for the WL class having Tc wl = 85,5 K and _1 wl = 238,2 for the class presenting Tc wl = 51,4 K. Simulations of ac-susceptibility measurements as a function of the excitation field, _ac x T, were in good agreement with the experimental results for the powder samples, revealing that such specimens have broad intergranular critical current distributions. For pellets sintered in the 870°C - 900°C temperature interval, simulations of _ac x T are inefficient, since they do not take into account the positive component of the magnetic moment associated to flux trapped at intergranular regions of samples exhibiting PME.
Fracionamento de Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni e Zn em solos tratados com lodo de esgoto em experimentos de longa duração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-14)
Santos, Larissa Macedo dos
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9439814411927273
As the agronomic importance of the provision of agricultural sewage sludge, and its growing concerning environmental point of view, in this work decomposition procedures of soil samples subjected to the addition of sewage sludge were evaluated for total content determination of Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn; the contents of the aforementioned elements present in two tropical soils, Typic Eutrorthox and Typic Haplorthox, collected through 11 years of experiment were determined and compared, in order to evaluate the accumulation and dynamic of these analytes; the availability of Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in the soils subjected to the addition of sewage sludge after 11 consecutive years were evaluated by means of sequential extraction, and a methodology for determining the availability of elements potentially toxic in soils subjected to the addition of sewage sludge from the assessment of humic fractions, fulvic acid 1, fulvic acid 2, humic acid and humin + mineral obtained during the chemical fractionation of soil organic matter was proposed. The use of reversed aqua regia, H2O2, predigestion and agitation after the addition of HF presented above of 90% of recovery for Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn and the complete dissolution of silicate compounds for the tropical evaluated soils. The addition of sludge resulted in significant increase of total contents of Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn to Typic Eutrorthox and Ba, Cu and Zn to Typic Haplorthox. Availability studies presented significant amount of Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn bounded to the Mn and Fe oxides and residual fractions, indicating the low availability of these elements in the evaluated soils. The chemical fractionation of soil organic matter obtained results confirm the high concentration of potentially toxic elements in the oxides in the Typic Eutrorthox soil and in the humic acid in the Typic Haplorthox soil. Although the sewage sludge added to soil increase the levels of potentially toxic elements, these are present in the most stable fractions of soil. In other words, less available or less mobile.
Análise comparativa de fadiga mecânica em compósitos de polipropileno com talco e com nanoargila
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-17)
Imamura, Rafaela
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Sousa, José Alexandrino de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7737833809468759
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2896005558443593
Talc is a well known lamellar mineral filler much used for mechanical reinforcement of polypropylene (PP) composites. Mineral nanoclay is also a lamellar filler that is gaining much interest due to its reinforcement effect achieved at relatively much reduced filler content. So the main objectives of this work were to establish a comparative study on the mechanical fatigue properties of isotactic PP composites reinforced with both types of fillers: nanocomposites with 2 and 5 wt. % of organophilic nanoclay and microcomposites with 8 and 25 wt.% of ultrafine talc, where the influence of distinct filler particles size and different filler-matrix interfacial interactions were analyzed on the fatigue life and strength properties of these materials with potential engineering applications. All composites were subjected to short-term tensile and Izod impact tests, dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis and microstructural characterization via SEM and TEM, in order to correlate the analyzed characteristics to the fatigue behavior of the materials. The fatigue tests were carried out under stress controlled mode in tensile tension-tension, with a sinusoidal stress input at 1 Hz frequency and R = 0.1. Maleated PP contributed to the enhancement of short-term mechanical properties of talc-filled composites, whilst its influence was much reduced on the same properties of OMMT nanocomposites, due to the modest nanoclay exfoliation achieved in the non-polar PP polymer matrix. In general terms, talc-filled PP microcomposites showed better fatigue performance in comparison to the nanocomposites with O-MMT. However, their Wöhler fatigue S-N curves did not indicate fatigue endurance limits, within the fatigue span of up to 1 x 106 cycles. The main conclusion derived from this study, indicated that when both types of composites exhibited equivalent elastic modulus enhancement, the stronger filler-polymer interfacial interactions present in the talc-filled microcomposites prevailed over the reduced filler particles size of the nanocomposites of O-MMT, however with presence of nanoparticles agglomerates.
Detectando fatores de variedade de codimensão um com propriedades de posição geral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-18)
Monteiro, Silvestre da Cruz
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Santos, Edivaldo Lopes dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2167472456497730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9781910342368724
This work is an approach to the famous "Product with a Line Problem". It investigates the class of topological spaces whose cartesian product with R is a topological manifold. Such spaces are called "Codimension One Manifold Factors". Based mainly on [5, 7, 14, 15, 24], we introduce the concept of generalized manifolds, which are separable ANR spaces with same local homological behavior that the topological manifolds, we define DAP, DADP, DDP, DHP, DCP general position properties and, through these concepts and a machinery topological-algebraic, we have got answers to the motivator problem. Even about the strategic importance of the DHP general position property, we studied a criterion to detect it into the generalized manifolds category, namely, the P2MP.
Análise da transição do trabalho individual para o trabalho coletivo em cooperativas de reciclagem de resíduos: um estudo de caso da Coopertan de Tangará da Serra-MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-19)
Lima, Ana Maria de
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Eid, Farid
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456722138811810
The work of separation of recycled materials in the district of Tangará da Serra is a practice that accompanied the birth and development of the city. With passing of the years it is noticed the presence of the interest of the public power and the community in relation to the importance of the reciclagem work developed in the municipal district in the socia aspects, environmental and generation of income. Starting from the need of the construction of the Municipal Sanitary Embankment, the interest with relationship to the workers that made the separation of the domestic garbage, was still individually more evident. In that sense, the general objective of the work was:contribute to building knowledge about the process of transition from individual work to the collective work in the sector of solid waste collection. The specific objectives were: understand the creation and the development of COOPERTAN in the district of Tangará da Serra-MT, analyze the development of the collective work process in COOPERTAN, make a comparative between the individual work and the collective work in the district, understand how the workers of COOPERTAN notice the differences between the individual work and the collective work after the formalization of the cooperative and to identify the strong points and the challenges for the cooperative. The used methodology was the participant research, through accompaniment of the work, meetings, assemblies and the formation of the group in the thematic of cooperatives in selective collection of the domestic garbage and organization of the work. The research demonstrated fragility and difficulty of collective organization and lack of technical formation of the workers. It was also noticed difficulties of the supporting institutions act with coherence, according to the needs and the specificities of the analyzed group. It is worth to point out that, in spite of so many difficulties in that resource, the great majority of those cooperated, mainly the founders that continue in the group, like what they do, they feel pride of the work and they present great expectation and persistence in the search of the autonomy and good results of the enterprise.
Efeitos da exposição à fração solúvel da gasolina em parâmetros bioquímicos e fisiológicos de Prochilodus lineatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-19)
Simonato, Juliana Delatim
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0889677472146308
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the water-soluble fraction of gasolina (WSFG) to the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. The WSFG was prepared by adding gasoline to water (1:4) this mixture was then exposed to intense sunlight for 6h, simulating a gasoline spill in tropical conditions. After that the upper insoluble phase was discharged and the WSFG was collected. Fish were exposed for 6, 24 and 96h to the WSFG diluted to 5% (EXP group) or only to water (control group or CTR). The following parameters were analyzed: biochemical (antioxidants and EROD) of gills and liver, hematologic, osmo-ionic, metabolic, endocrine (cortisol) besides the density and distribution of chloride cells (CC) and the activity of gills Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA). The increased in ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity indicated phase I and II biotransformation of the compounds present in the WSFG in both organs. The activation of CYP1A in the gills pointed out the importance of this organ in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The liver showed an increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) content at 24 and 96 h exposure to WSFG and the increase in the activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) after 96 h exposure. The gills showed an activation of the antioxidant defenses with an increased CAT activity soon after 6h exposure and an increase in GSH content after 24h exposure. However, for both organs the antioxidants defense was not enough to prevent oxidative damage, as shown by the occurrence of lipid peroxidation in liver and gills after 6 and 96h of exposure, respectively. The WSFG also promoted hemolysis, as indicated by the changes in the hematological parameters analyzed and an increase in plasma K+. Fish showed a secondary stress response, noted by the occurrence of hyperglycemia in all the periods of exposure, despite no significant increase in plasma cortisol. The WSFG also lead to an increase in the density of CC, in the activity of NKA, in plasma concentrations of Na+ and in the osmolarity in fish exposed to WSFG for 24h. Taken together these results showed that the compounds present in the WSFG interfere on the functioning of vital organs such as liver and gills of Prochilodus lineatus.
Tenacificação de poli(ftalamida) (PPA) através de nanocompósitos com carbonato de cálcio e de blendas com copolímero estireno/etileno-butileno/estireno (SEBS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-20)
Custódio, Gustavo José Saad
;
Pessan, Luiz Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0815560053137329
This project aims the toughening of a high performance thermoplastic polyphthalamide (PPA). PPA resins is a good choice for special applications where the conditions are more severe than the ones an engineering thermoplastic can handle. In this study it was prepared two different types of PPA composites through the mixture of PPA and the elastomeric component and the nanoparticles of the mineral filler. The thermoplastic elastomer that was used is the block copolymer SEBS (styrene- ethylene/butylene-styrene), grafted with maleic anhydride and the mineral filler to be used is the nanosized calcium carbonate filler surface treated with stearic acid. The main emphasis of the study is to study the effects of incorporation of organic and inorganic additives in the toughening mechanisms, in the mechanical properties (especially impact strength) and in the structure of the PPA matrix and relationship between them. The mixture of the seventeen composition was done into a twin screw extruder. The inorganic nanoparticles of calcium carbonate did not alter significantly the properties of impact resistance, while the incorporation of SEBS obtained an increase up to ten times compared to pure PPA. However, the presence of rubber phase resulted in reduced stiffness of the system, which did not occurred in the nanocomposites, where such property has increased in value. Calcium carbonate in this system did not act as nucleating agent, and its incorporation decreased both the crystallization temperature as the degree of crystallinity. The presence of SEBS-g-MA in the blend PPA / SEBS promoted a decrease in particle size, which resulted in better mechanical properties.
Arranjo produtivo local e apicultura como estratégias para o desenvolvimento do sudoeste de Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-20)
Amaral, Anderson Marques do
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Margarido, Luiz Antonio Correia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5685663057214334
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4051957230381923
This study aims to characterize the honey production and the local productive honey arrangement, through the evaluation of the land use, honey production, regional flora and product quality. It also aims to stimulate local process of development, rural protagonist and social inclusion of the agricultural workers from the southeast of Mato Grosso. We have evaluated the production of honey during the period of 1987 to 2007, of the towns engaged in APL of apiculture which is available on the SIDRA System by IBGE. The quantification of the use and the topsoil of the soil were obtained through satellite images. We have used SPRING and ArcGIS software for the date using field information and appropriate terminology. We have identified the most important vegetal species for the production of honey. We have determined ten physic-chemistry parameters and we have evaluated the characteristics of the labeling of the commercialized honey. The town of Cáceres (42%) presents the biggest honey production fallowed by the towns of Comodoro (11%), then Poconé (7%), then Reserva do Cabaçal (7%), then Conquista do Oeste (6%), and Porto Espiridião (6%). The production of honey is not the principal economic activity of the apiculture of this region. Most of them have just one apiary with a small number of beehives and they lack time of experience on this activity. The extraction and benefit of honey is done in manufactured fashion and the commercialization of their honey is done directly to the consumers, in the local retailer market. The level of technology implemented in this activity is low and the farmers have also a low level of professionalization. Natural Vegetation was the predominant class of the use of the soil on the majority of the apiaries. The kinds of vegetal covering were summarized as it follows: Savannas; Ecological Tension; Seasonal Forest; Riparian Formation. Grazing was the only kind of entropic agriculture use. Not Agriculture Entropic Areas were less representative. The classes of the use of soil and the different kinds of vegetal covering printed differences in the richness of plants and in the production of honey of the apiaries. The evaluation of the use of the soil and the vegetal covering of it around the apiaries allows the establishment of the appropriate management and the ways of sustainable uses of the natural resources. The results of physic-chemistry analysis for the samples of honey showed that the median for humidity, redactor and non redactor sugars were among the required patterns by the MAPA. The percentage of insolates solids and the fixed mineral residuals remained over. The Fiehe reaction indicated the presence HMF in others samples. All of the brands evaluated presented some parameters over the maximum limit allowed by the Brazilian legislation, pointing out production problems, as well as collecting and processing of honey. Only two kinds of honey available in the local market, from Cáceres and some other regions, have the sanitary inspection validity. The labeling of the majority of the trades are not in conformity with nowadays legislation, and it ignores the important instrument of identification of origins of honey, which is a guarantee of products with quality and security to the customer. The apiaries represent a way of sustainable use of preserved natural vegetation areas, degradation grazing areas and existing capoeiras, besides, this activity shows itself compatible with some others activities already consolidated in the region of southeast of Mato Grosso.
Tutoria para alunos com baixo aproveitamento acadêmico e o desenvolvimento de cognições e estratégias de leitura e escrita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-21)
Buzetti, Miryan Cristina
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Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3077411745176722
Studies have identified a set of teaching conditions associated with tutoring effectiveness focused in book reading for preventing the writing and reading failuse as a form of supporting teaching to regular education. In this study was sought to 1) to verify the connection between the education condition offered in a tutoring focused in the book reading and education conditions associated to reading skills and writing improvements; 2)evaluate the tutoring effects on reading and writing skills on students whit low achievement in early literacy from data on performance throughout the tutoring sessions and the performance presented on evaluated tasks by specific assessment tools applied at the beginning, intermediate and final stage of the intervention; 3) describing the progress of reading strategies used by students. The participants were four students in the same second grade class of public elementary school, they were selected due to the low reading and writing achievements. During 17 weeks in a semester, the students attended 3 tutoring weekly sessions around 30 minutes each. In each session the interaction between the tutor and the student was directed in order to make possible for the students to have the commitment in a book presentation which isn´t still familiar made by the tutor, independent reading made by the student of a familiar book and a non familiar one, the involvement in activities for the recognition of letters, syllables and words, speaking and writing sentences and stories, decomposition and recomposition of sentences and stories. The results allow us to conclude the teaching conditions offered responded satisfactorily to the guidelines predict by the experts and professionals who work with tutoring focused in reading. Is was verified the tutor had a previous training to conduct the reading and writing activities in the tutoring sessions. Performing as a supporter in a students learning, encourage the student´s strengths in terms of reading and writing for each student, and systematically made adjustments that me the specific difficulties of each student, helped the students to read accurately through the use of suitable books to the level of difficulty of each student. Regarding to the effects on the students, the results indicate a substantial increase in the percentage correct reading of words and texts, writing dictated words and in the use of appropriate reading strategies such as self-correction and search for meaning. The teacher´s report about the students achievement in the classroom indicate a recognition of the reading an writing students improvement due to the support provide by tutoring.
Diversidade genética e filogeografia das espécies Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) e Prochilodus lacustris Steindachner, 1907 no Nordeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-21)
Piorski, Nivaldo Magalhães
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7220575466585169
The State of Maranhão is considered as a transitional area between northeastern semiarid and amazonian rainforest. Various perennial rivers such as the rivers Parnaíba, Itapecuru, Mearim, Pindaré and Gurupi are found in Maranhão. Distribution patterns analysis indicated the region as an endemism area for Neotropical freshwater fishes. However, only few studies have been performed in the region. Therefore the relationships between the hidrographic set and the respective neighbour areas are not fully comprehended. One complication is the insufficient cientific knowledge about the endemism level in the region due to insufficient establishment of taxonomic bounds for several species in the area. This study examines the hypothesis that freshwater fishes from Maranhão rivers are valid taxonomic unities, and whether its hydrographic set can be considered as an endemism area for Neotropical fishes. The study is focused on the analsis of genetic differentiation of Hoplias malabaricus and Prochilodus lacustris. The geographic variation of H. malabaricus was studied using sequences of the DNAmt control region as well by geometric morphometrics. Besides the mitochondrial marker, the variation analyses of P. lacustris employed sequences of the S7 intron 1. Both species exhibited high genetic variability which may be related to its own ecological features. The genetic diversity of H. malabaricus, a sedentary species, is influenced by drainage architeture. On the other hand, the migratory behavior of P. lacustris and the results obtained had suggested that the variability found was influenced by historical factors. Because the most resolution of the P. lacustris data, the molecular clock hypothesis was tested and divergence times between populations sampled were estimated. These estimates matching with geological informations enabled us to identify several putative events that may play an important role in differentiation of the maranhense ichthyofauna. Under the taxonomic point of view, the hypothesis that H. malabaricus is a species complex was reinforced and the analyses suggested that putative criptic species occur in the region. The P. lacustris specimens constitute a taxonomic unit, but did not support the hypothesis that the species is endemic for the Parnaíba and Mearim rivers. Considering these results, we suggest that the most closely indication of endemism areas could be the ecoregions established by Secretaria de Recursos Hídricos from Ministério do Meio Ambiente.
Influência da nanoargila no envelhecimento higrotérmico de compósitos de polipropileno / PP maleado / fibra de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-21)
Motezuki, Joice Erica
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Sousa, José Alexandrino de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7737833809468759
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0763843840252541
In short glass fiber (GF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites, despite of the chemically inert and non-polar nature of the matrix, the fiber-matrix interfacial integrity may be compromised in a hygrothermal active environment by the addition of maleic anhydride (MAH) molecules of the interfacial compatibilizer (PP-g-MAH). The use of organophilic nanoclay particles (O-MMT, Cloisite 20A) could contribute to minimize this hygrothermal deterioration, due to its moisture barrier properties. So, the main goal of this study was to analyze the influence of O-MMT on the long-term mechanical performance of PP/PP-g-MAH/GF composites under hygrothermal ageing. Several PP composite formulations with constant GF content (40wt%) and varying concentrations of nanoclay (0.5; 1; 2; and 5wt%) were compounded in a corotating twin-screw extruder. The degree of nanoclay particles intercalation/exfoliation was characterized by X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and SEM/TEM microscopy analysis. Short-term mechanical characterization was carried out through standard tensile and Izod impact tests on injection moulded specimen. From this results, certain specimen were subjected to hygrothermal ageing in hot water at 80 ºC for 240/480/720 hours and the evolution of the hygrothermal deterioration was monitored by tensile tests. The increasing O-MMT content in unaged PP/PP-g-MAH/40%GF composites had an unexpected negative influence on short-term mechanical properties. Mechanical damping data indicated higher Tan  values for the ternary composite (PP/PP-g-MAH/40%GF/2%O-MMT), in comparison to the binary composite (PP/PP-g-MAH/40%FV), demonstrating deleterious effect of O-MMT on the fiber-polymer interfacial adhesion. SEM microscopy analysis of cryofractured surfaces were decisive for visual elucidation of the erosive action of O-MMT particles on the GF sizing treatment. Consequently, the relative tensile strength (TS) of the hygrothermally aged composite, with respect to that of the unaged composite (TSenv./TSn-env.), indicated that the addition of nanoclay in the ternary composite contributed to a higher deterioration of the long-term mechanical performance of GF-reinforced PP composites.
Confinamento de partículas quânticas a curvas do espaço
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-24)
Verri, Alessandra Aparecida
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Oliveira, César Rogério de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5485204156806697
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794549732815622
In this work we study dimensional reductions in some quantum systems; such reductions occur due to confinement of the particle from a tube in space to a curve. Our main goal is to find the effective hamiltonian operator that describes the motion of the particle after confinement. We consider three particular situations. (1) In the first situation, we study an infinitely long tube generated by a curve with non-trivial torsion and curvature. Here the tube cross sections always have the same diameter. (2) We also study tubes in space deformed in a specific way, i.e., the diameter of the cross sections have a unique global maximum. Such tubes also have non-trivial torsion and curvature. (3) Finally, we analyze the question of which self-adjoint extension of the one-dimensional hydrogen atom would be physically relevant. We consider such atom in a three-dimensional tube and take the limit as the tube converges to the x axis, and it is shown that the Dirichlet (at the origin) extension is always obtained after such confinement.
Avaliação do papel do pulso de inundação sobre a riqueza e biodiversidade de peixes em ambiente inundável, no sistema de baías Caiçara, porção norte do Pantanal Matogrossense, alto Paraguai
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-24)
Muniz, Claumir Cesar
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2202899559144774
The present study was aimed to assess the role of the flood pulse related to the composition of the ichthyofauna of the Caiçara Basin System (Upper Baía Caiçara/UBC e Lower Baía Caiçara/LBC) in a pantanal environment, in Cáceres, Mato Grosso. 90,041 specimens were collected from September 2005 to September 2007, distributed in two classes, 8 orders, 32 families and 171 species, with 145 of them occurring in both environments. Characiforms, Siluriforms and Gymnotiforms were the most representative orders accounting for more than 90% of all the species obtained in the sampled environments. The UBC, with 155 collected species, considering the two sampled cycles, obtained 68 and 81 constant species, accounting for 50 and 56% of the total species in this bay. In the LBC, with 161 sampled species, the constant species were most significant, with respectively 43 and 56% per cycle and 54 species for the entire sampling period. Odontostilbe pequira, Serrapinnus calliurus and Moenkhausia dichroura were abundant in all the periods. M. dichroura was the most abundant species in practically all the periods and environments. Cyphocharax gillii and Hypoptopoma inexspectatum (detritivores) were abundant in the ebb tide and dry periods. Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro and Roeboides prognathus were the most abundant piscivores in the ebb tide period. Hemiodus orthonops was abundant in the flood and high tide periods. Among the invertivores/insectivores, M. dichroura and O. pequira were abundant in all the seasonal periods. Concomitantly to the fish collection, data from the limnological variables in the two sampled environments were also obtained, which showed significant differences between the seasonal periods. In the dry periods, the UBC remained totally disconnected from the Paraguay River, and the BCI obtained a smaller water amount from the main channel. In the flood period the connectivity between the UBC and the Paraguay River was reestablished. The concentration of dissolved oxygen varied from 0.67 to 5.94 mg/l in BCS and 0.64 and 5.87 mg/l in the LBC. The highest water temperatures were observed during the flood period (31.35 °C) and the lowest temperature during the dry period (22.33°C). Concerning electrical conductivity, the highest values were observed in the flood period (84.19 μS.cm-1). The lowest values were obtained in the ebb tide period (23.30 μS.cm-1). It obtained the lowest pH values (5.66) in the high tide period, and the highest pH values (7.50) in the dry period. Characiforms and Siluriforms were the orders that showed the best adaptation to the variations caused by the flood pulse of this system and the limnological attributes (dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity in water, pH, water transparency and depth) are decisive in the arrangement of the ichthyofauna, but their action is not isolated. On the contrary, they are interdependent together with the river-basin connectivity.
O fitoplâncton como instrumento de biomonitoramento da qualidade da água do Reservatório de Cachoeira Dourada - Rio Paranaíba - GO/MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-24)
Oliveira, Márcia Teixeira de
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Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7107251497009712
The phytoplankton community is one of the communities recommended as a tool for evaluations of water quality. The relevance of ecological and sanitary studies of phytoplankton to public health is due to the fact that they attest to water quality and allow waters to be monitored for multiple uses, especially those linked directly to human health. The phytoplankton community of the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir was characterized in the months of December 2006, May 2007 and November 2007 at five sampling points, four of them in the reservoir and one downstream. The phytoplankton sampling, which was based on the principles of the AquaRAP, aimed to evaluate water quality using indices based on physical, chemical and biological characteristics, with emphasis on the phytoplankton community. The results revealed that the phytoplankton was dominated by cyanobacteria in the three sampling periods. Cyanobacteria exhibited higher significance in terms of richness and greater density than the other classes of phytoplankton. Potentially toxic species were represented by Anabaena sp. and Microcystis sp., with higher occurrence during the dry season, albeit in low densities. There was no record of blooming and the analyzed densities lay within the limit established by CONAMA (National Environmental Agency). The reservoir was classified as oligotrophic, based on its phytoplankton diversity, equitability, richness and density. This classification was confirmed by an analysis of the reservoir s physical and chemical variables and by several other indices applied with or without the use of the phytoplankton community. Among the various indices employed, Nygaard s index was the only one considered inefficient in evaluating the trophic degree of the reservoir, because it neglects species density. Phytoflagellates proved to be a good indicator of environments with low transparency (CCA). The main interferents in the reservoir s water quality were found to depend on factors of climate, the dam s operation, and anthropic activities in adjacent areas and in the drainage basin, which were dynamically reflected in the composition and structure of the phytoplankton community in the different periods under study. It is also important to note that the brief residence time of the water is probably the preponderant factor for this oligotrophic state of the reservoir.
Análise da superfície de porcelanatos polidos por meio de microscopia de força atômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-24)
Fernandes, Mérilin Cristina dos Santos
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Paulin Filho, Pedro Iris
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9542027656569433
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2740250822457796
The porcelain stoneware tile is a ceramic product that has presented a great increase on production, since it had excellent technical properties and raised aesthetic performance. To improve its aesthetic characteristics, it is submitted to a polishing process that influences a lot of interested properties of the products, due mainly to changes observed on the superficial roughness. In this way, the roughness was investigated throughout the superficial polishing process of the glazed and unglazed (technical) porcelain stoneware tile and it was correlated with the gloss. For this, the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was used, being ideal to measure the roughness in nanometer scale and to visualize the nanotexture of many types of surface materials. The specular part of the gloss was measured through the equipment known as glossmeter. The results achieved shown that the technical porcelain stoneware tile in the first stage is more rough than the glazed. On the technical porcelain stoneware tile the roughness reduction was more accented between the grit 80 and 1000 stages, and the gloss was practically double between the first and the last (POLIDO) stages. The surface covering with the polymeric resin reduced significantly the product gloss, without it causes brusque alterations in superficial roughness. On the glazed porcelain stoneware tile the roughness reduction and the gloss increased occurred mainly between the grit 600 and 1800 stages. Between the grit 1800 and 8000 stages had not observed great changes on the roughness or gloss, showing that the polishing becomes unnecessary from the grit 1800. In general way, the gloss reduction occurred more visibly in stages of polishing with abrasives of larger grains, while the abrasives of smaller grains had given the final gloss, intervene poorly in roughness. The results interpretation had supplied subsidies to a better understanding and control of the process responsible for the final characteristics between the glazed and technical products, and the differences between these typologies.
Novas propostas em filtragem de projeções tomográficas sob ruído Poisson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-24)
Ribeiro, Eduardo da Silva
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5036975831625237
In this dissertation we present techniques for filtering of tomographic projections with Poisson noise. For the filtering of the tomogram projections we use variations of three filtering techniques: Bayesian estimation, Wiener filtering and thresholding in Wavelet domain. We used ten MAP estimators, each estimator with a diferent probability density as prior information. An adaptive windowing was used to calculate the local estimates. A hypothesis test was used to select the best probability density to each projection. We used the Pointwise Wiener filter and FIR Wiener Filter, in both cases we used a adaptive scheme for the filtering. For thresholding in wavelet domain, we tested the performance of four families basis of wavelet functions and four techniques for obtaining thresholds. The experiments were done with the phantom of Shepp and Logan and five set of projections of phantoms captured by a CT scanner developed by CNPDIA-EMBRAPA. The image reconstruction was made with the parallel POCS algorithm. The evaluation of the filtering was made after reconstruction with the following criteria for measurement of error: ISNR, PSNR, SSIM and IDIV.
Governanças híbridas no comércio justo citrícola entre o Brasil e a Europa: arranjos institucionais complementares aos contratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-25)
Bouroullec, Melise Dantas Machado
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2303972253901596
Focusing on hierarchy as an alternative to market, the New Institutional Economics (NIE) initially focused narrowly on the intermediary organizations. However, this situation started to change when Williamson (1985) stated that such intermediary transactions are the most common ones and denominated them hybrid governance in 1991. The studies carried out in the 80s and 90s enabled, among other factors, the distinction between hybrid governance and hierarchy resulting in an arousing interest in the development of contracts and the different coordination mechanisms in the field of NIE. More recently, some authors have highlighted the importance of studies on hybrid governance in the agricultural sector. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to indicate the existence of hybrid governance forms that complement the contract in transactions of supplying fair trade orange juice to the European market, as well as to point out the determining factors of this kind of governance. Therefore, the institutional environment of the agro-industrial fair trade is analyse, still poorly investigated in scientific studies in Brazil, and hybrid governance, considering the contributions of Ménard (1997, 2004) to the development of the concepts of NIE, were analyzed. Secondary data were considered and a field research was carried out both in Brazil and in Europe. Interviews were conducted with organizations of citrus farmers that are already inserted in the international citrus fruit fair trade, with export and import orange juice companies, and with some key agents. The analyses showed that orange juice supply transactions of the fair trade are administered by complex mechanisms that are more complex than contracts. Due to investments on human and brand name asset specificities, and the uncertainties related to the institutional environment of fair trande market, the contracts alone are not enough to conduct the transactions. Hence, coordination mechanisms, also known as mechanisms of adaptation are adopted based on two forms of private authority. On one hand, there is the authority performed by the certifying organization that constitutes a formal government. It establishes the norms and the production and trade standards in the fair trade of certified products, which leads to selecting the actors in the orange juice supply chain. The formal government also controls demands satisfaction rates and verifies whether the transactions are carried according to pre-established standards. In addition, it offers incentives to the adoption of organic citrus production and to long-term relationships. On the other hand, there is the informal authority: trust. Unlike the former, it is present in some cases and among some specific actors leading to a different way of selecting actors and controlling the factors that were not investigated by the formal government, such as the informal annual supply agreements between citrus farmers organizations and fair trade expert importers.
Análises espectral e simbólica da modulação autonômica cardíaca em repouso e em resposta à mudança postural de idosos saudáveis: comparação entre gêneros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-26)
Perseguini, Natália Maria
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4760699117769332
The dissertation consisted of two works. The objective of the first study was to use linear and non-linear methods to investigate the cardiac autonomic modulation in elderly men and women in response to a postural change from the supine to the standing position. Fourteen men (66 ± 3.5 years) and ten women (65 ± 3.3 years) who did not use hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) were evaluated. All volunteers were apparently healthy. The RR intervals (RRi) and the beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) were recorded in the supine and standing positions. The HR variability (HRV) was studied by spectral analysis: low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in absolute units (LF and HF) and normalized units (LFun and HFun) as well as the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio. Symbolic analysis (0V%, 1V%, 2LV% and 2ULV% indexes) and Shannon entropy were also calculated for the HRV analysis. Men presented higher LF, LFnu and LF/HF ratio, and lower HFnu and 1V% symbolic index when compared to women in the supine position. Shannon entropy was higher among men than among women in the standing position. During the postural change there were a decrease in LF and an increase in Shannon entropy in the men s group. There was an increase in LFnu and LH/HF ratio as well as a decrease in HF, HFnu and 2LV% symbolic index due to the postural change from supine to standing position in the women s group. In conclusion, women presented a more appropriate response to the postural change than men in the age range studied, showing that the cardiac autonomic modulation may be better preserved in women than in men. Similarly, the objective of the second study was to investigate the HR autonomic modulation in elderly men and women HRT users and no-users by linear and nonlinear methods. So, 15 men (66 ± 3.4 years), 13 women without HRT (64 ± 3.5 years) and 7 women HRT users (61 ± 2.1 years), all of them apparently healthy, were evaluated. The RRi and the beat-to-beat HR were recorded in the supine position. The data analysis was carried out on the same methods described in the first study. The cardiac autonomic modulation analysis in the supine position shows that the women without HRT presented higher HFnu and lower LFnu, LF/HF ratio and 0V% symbolic index when compared to the men. No differences were observed in the comparison between the women who used and did not use HRT. We concluded that the women without HRT seem to have a higher cardiac vagal modulation and a lower cardiac sympathetic modulation when compared to the men. The use of HRT may not offer advantages to the cardiac autonomic modulation in elderly women.