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Análise da transição do trabalho individual para o trabalho coletivo em cooperativas de reciclagem de resíduos: um estudo de caso da Coopertan de Tangará da Serra-MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-19) Lima, Ana Maria de; Eid, Farid; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456722138811810
The work of separation of recycled materials in the district of Tangará da Serra is a practice that accompanied the birth and development of the city. With passing of the years it is noticed the presence of the interest of the public power and the community in relation to the importance of the reciclagem work developed in the municipal district in the socia aspects, environmental and generation of income. Starting from the need of the construction of the Municipal Sanitary Embankment, the interest with relationship to the workers that made the separation of the domestic garbage, was still individually more evident. In that sense, the general objective of the work was:contribute to building knowledge about the process of transition from individual work to the collective work in the sector of solid waste collection. The specific objectives were: understand the creation and the development of COOPERTAN in the district of Tangará da Serra-MT, analyze the development of the collective work process in COOPERTAN, make a comparative between the individual work and the collective work in the district, understand how the workers of COOPERTAN notice the differences between the individual work and the collective work after the formalization of the cooperative and to identify the strong points and the challenges for the cooperative. The used methodology was the participant research, through accompaniment of the work, meetings, assemblies and the formation of the group in the thematic of cooperatives in selective collection of the domestic garbage and organization of the work. The research demonstrated fragility and difficulty of collective organization and lack of technical formation of the workers. It was also noticed difficulties of the supporting institutions act with coherence, according to the needs and the specificities of the analyzed group. It is worth to point out that, in spite of so many difficulties in that resource, the great majority of those cooperated, mainly the founders that continue in the group, like what they do, they feel pride of the work and they present great expectation and persistence in the search of the autonomy and good results of the enterprise.
Efeitos da exposição à fração solúvel da gasolina em parâmetros bioquímicos e fisiológicos de Prochilodus lineatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-19) Simonato, Juliana Delatim; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0889677472146308
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the water-soluble fraction of gasolina (WSFG) to the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. The WSFG was prepared by adding gasoline to water (1:4) this mixture was then exposed to intense sunlight for 6h, simulating a gasoline spill in tropical conditions. After that the upper insoluble phase was discharged and the WSFG was collected. Fish were exposed for 6, 24 and 96h to the WSFG diluted to 5% (EXP group) or only to water (control group or CTR). The following parameters were analyzed: biochemical (antioxidants and EROD) of gills and liver, hematologic, osmo-ionic, metabolic, endocrine (cortisol) besides the density and distribution of chloride cells (CC) and the activity of gills Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA). The increased in ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity indicated phase I and II biotransformation of the compounds present in the WSFG in both organs. The activation of CYP1A in the gills pointed out the importance of this organ in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The liver showed an increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) content at 24 and 96 h exposure to WSFG and the increase in the activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) after 96 h exposure. The gills showed an activation of the antioxidant defenses with an increased CAT activity soon after 6h exposure and an increase in GSH content after 24h exposure. However, for both organs the antioxidants defense was not enough to prevent oxidative damage, as shown by the occurrence of lipid peroxidation in liver and gills after 6 and 96h of exposure, respectively. The WSFG also promoted hemolysis, as indicated by the changes in the hematological parameters analyzed and an increase in plasma K+. Fish showed a secondary stress response, noted by the occurrence of hyperglycemia in all the periods of exposure, despite no significant increase in plasma cortisol. The WSFG also lead to an increase in the density of CC, in the activity of NKA, in plasma concentrations of Na+ and in the osmolarity in fish exposed to WSFG for 24h. Taken together these results showed that the compounds present in the WSFG interfere on the functioning of vital organs such as liver and gills of Prochilodus lineatus.