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Utilização de uma abordagem híbrida System Dynamics- Factory Physics para a investigação do efeito de ações de melhoria contínua na redução do lead time
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-18) Guimarães, Alyne de Andrade; Godinho Filho, Moacir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0385394683867028
Nowadays, with the competitive environment dominating the world scene, companies need to be alert to continuous improvement opportunities. In this scene lead time reduction arises as one of the greatest goal to be accomplished. Within this context, the main goal of this research is to study the effect of continuous improvement in shop floor variables (such as variability, setup time, defect rate, among others) on lead time reduction for two productive environments: one with single machine and another flow shop environment. This is done using a quantitative model, which uses a hybrid System Dynamics factory Physics approach. This model was created by Godinho Filho and Uzsoy (2008a, 2008b, 2009). In this research this single machine model is extended by means of adding more workstations in order to create flow shop environment. Besides to the main goal, this research has the following specifics goals: (1) Check if the results found by Godinho Filho e Uzsoy (2008a, 2008b, 2009) are the same for scenes with different characteristics of productive system. (2) Determine if the positive effect in lead time of a continuous improvement action in the shop floor variables is sensitive to characteristics of productive system. If so, how is the relationship between the improvement action and the productive system. (3)Compare the results related with the two previous objectives for the single machine and flow shop cases. The results found in this research proved that conclusions made by Godinho Filho e Uzsoy (2008a, 2008b, 2009) are robusts for different characteristics of productive system in the single machine and flow shop environments studied in this research. In simulated scenes for these environments, the continuous improvements actions in processing time variability and setup time are the most effective in lead time reduction. Furthermore, the positive effect made by the improvement action in lead time is proved sensitive to almost the same characteristics of productive system for single machine and flow shop environments. For these environments, improvement actions in time to failures and repair time are the most sensitive to different characteristics and the most appropriate in productive systems with negative characteristics (e.g. high setup times, high processing time variability, among others). Results generated by quantitative model in this research were analyzed using design of experiments to obtain conclusions.
Morfoanatomia do fruto de açaí em função do teor de água utilizando microscopia óptica e microtomografia de raios-X
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-18) Ribeiro, Gisele Vieira; Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3390309188958624
Tendo em vista a escassez literária referente a frutos de açaí (Euterpe oleracea - Mart.), este trabalho foi desenvolvido com ênfase anatômica, recorrendo a técnicas usuais de microscopia de luz e microtomografia de raios-X. Foi descrita a flor masculina e principalmente o desenvolvimento dos frutos de açaí em diferentes estádios de maturação. Durante a maturação destes foi observada a presença de compostos fenólicos presentes no parênquima externo, no caso, antocianinas. As células do endocarpo, que inclusive se projetam para dentro do endosperma, também acumulam compostos fenólicos. Na região intermediária do mesocarpo há um parênquima de reserva, contendo glóbulos lipídicos. Internamente a este, há uma grande quantidade de monostelos (sistema vascular) e, externamente, uma camada de esclerênquima. Após a colheita dos frutos observou-se que sua exposição à temperatura ambiente após 24 horas pode causar efeitos prejudiciais a sua estrutura. Tais alterações causadas pela desidratação dos tecidos foram analisadas através da microtomografia de raios- X. Este método foi eficaz e não destrutivo, preservando a integridade das amostras. Pela técnica de microscopia de luz, haveria dúvida se as alterações seriam causadas pela desidratação ou se seriam artefato de técnica. Nos tecidos dos frutos submetidos à desidratação foram identificadas rupturas e retrações, que causaram efeitos irreversíveis a estrutura interna, com perda de aproximadamente 5% de massa fresca. Ambos os métodos utilizados para a identificação estrutural dos frutos de açaí foram eficazes. As técnicas de microscopia de luz contribuíram para o melhor reconhecimento dos tecidos durante a posterior análise pela microtomografia de raios-X. Através das observações realizadas nas imagens microtomográficas, considerou-se que os efeitos poderiam interferir no processo de despolpamento dos frutos de açaí. Assim os frutos foram submetidos aos processos de desidratação, hidratação e posterior extração do mesocarpo. Foram obtidos valores máximos de rendimento em frutos que tiveram variação de massa fresca com aproximadamente -3% e posteriormente reidratados. Valores próximos de -5% desestruturaram significativamente o mesocarpo, diminuindo os valores de rendimento. Contudo, as desidratações amenas com variação de massa fresca de aproximadamente -3% e posterior imersão dos frutos em água até saturação aumentam consideravelmente os valores de rendimento, obtendo-se assim valores máximos de massa despolpada.
Gestão competitiva em empresas brasileiras: a prática da estratégia por meio de suas visões, ferramentas e atores do processo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-18) Maia, Jonas Lucio; Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0078457646573985
The complexity assigned to the strategy term has been largely discussed in the literature. The large amount of theoretical contributions to this issue, brought by several knowledge areas; the different tools proposed by academicians and consultants to operationalize its concepts, the plurality of actors that play their roles inside the organizational field are just some examples of the building blocks of such complexity. Also relevant to this discussion is the movement named Strategy as Practice , initiated by European researchers in order to bring a sociological focus to organizational strategies, considering them as something a company does instead of something a company has. Thus, the main goal of this thesis is to identify and compare how Brazilian companies actually practice their competitive strategy, and to what extent/in which way such practice is aligned with the main firm s idiosyncratic variables and with their competitive environments. In order to achieve such goal, this work took advantage of a mixed research method, with a survey with companies listed on Brazilian Stock Exchange and six case studies. Concerning industry perception and company praxis, the main findings indicate that: (1) the internal and external views of competitive advantage are, indeed, perceived as complementary regarding firm strategies; (2) even in more traditional industries, companies perceive their environment as dynamic, due to companies´ mobility, group consolidations or internal rivalry; (3) even in industry with high barriers to entry, firms regularly adopt a surveillance approach to monitor newcomers; (4) innovation tends to be more focused on process than on products, and there is a gap between intended and implemented innovation; (5) the perception of resources and competences spread throughout company networks suggests that controlling these resources may be more important than owning them; (6) at least in the studied companies, low relevance has been assigned to knowledge as a strategic advantage. Regarding strategy practices: (7) an annual strategy planning cycle takes place, focused on formulation activities and perceived as static in nature; (8) workshops and performance meetings were the most often identified strategic events; (9) strategy tools were perceived as highly effective and mainly targeted at structuring analysis and ensuring strategy implementation, with special emphasis to the abundance of financial tools and lack of creativity ones. Concluding, concerning practitioners: (10) it could by empirically identified the existence of an organizational structure responsible for companies strategic planning, generally close to financial areas; (11) those generally involved in strategic activities show a primarily analytical profile, with low presence of women; (12) senior executives have developed their careers mainly inside the company or inside the industry, with relevant business knowledge, while middle management plays its role by implementing decisions made by high executives; (13) consultancies tend to be highly used, and their recontracting is contingent upon the patterns of their involvement in the strategy process; (14) business press has been assigned low relevance, being substituted in some cases by financial releases or by information from industry entities.
Diversidade genética em Dourado (Salminus brasiliensis Curvier,1816), uma espécie de grande interesse comercial no Pantanal Mato-grossense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-18) Freitas, Lívia Alice de Carvalho Mondin de; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
Salminus brasiliensis is a migratory fish which is distributed in all parts of the rio de la Plata Basin. The Dourado is called the king of the river . It´s one of the most sought after fish by amateur and/or professional fishermen. However, in some regions it is considered to be a vulnerable species. Recent reports have shown the existence of some populations of migratory fish that are genetically structured in the same basin. Considering that the evaluation of variability and genetic structure in natural populations is of great importance for conservation of this species, this study has the objective of examining this question in the populations of S. brasilienses in the region of the Pantanal in Mato Grosso by verifying the existence or not of the genetic structure by means of markers of mitochondrial DNA. Later a phylogeographic approach was carried out to investigate the aspect of genetic evolution of this group of fish, its distribution in all the basin and its relation with the history of the formation of the basins- the relation between the Pantanal, the Parana and Uruguay Rivers Basins. The results shown high genetic diversity and absence of genetic structure, suggesting gene flow between populations of north and south of the Pantanal, probably facilitated by the migratory ability of the species and by the structural characteristics of the region. The presence of shared rare haplotypes evidences this pattern even though exclusive variants occur in each river studied. In relation to the phylogeographic aspects of the group in the limits of the basin of the Rio de la Plata, an old historical contact was verified between the sub-basin of the Parana and Upper Paraguay Rivers, probably occurring at the moment of the formation of the Pantanal. However, analyses has disclosed a current genetic distance between the populations of Dourado in these two areas. Genetic structure was only observed in the Parana River Basin. The Uruguay River Basin and the Pantanal demonstrate genetic similarity. However, it is important to continue evaluation and monitoring of genetic diversity of the natural populations of Dourado to confirm if with other molecular markers if the same pattern will occur as the on in the Pantanal and in the other regions that have been analyzed.