Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2010-07-13"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 20165

Psicologia e inclusão escolar: novas possibilidades de intervir preventivamente sobre problemas comportamentais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-13)
Silva, Aline Maira da
;
Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0119179612439892
Expectations on inclusive education have demanded the creation of new staff roles in schools. In an inclusive school environment, an important aspect of the role of educational psychologists that seems to be a promising picture in this profession is to promote and develop strategies and guidelines for consideration and adoption of the Collaborative Consultation in the Schools, building partnership with teachers and families. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a preventive intervention program, based in the principles of the Collaborative Consultation in Schools and the Positive Behavior Support models, designed to prevent and minimize behavior problems. The study has been conducted in three 1st. grade classrooms in a public elementary school located within the state of São Paulo, assessing three teachers of these classrooms, fifty-five pupils, and eighteen families participation. The study has been carried out in four phases. In Phase 1, the ethical procedures were followed to contact the school. In Phase 2 at the pre-test stage, participating families were asked to complete the Parenting Styles Inventory (PSI) instruments as well as the teachers were requested to complete the Child and Youth Behavior Inventory (6-18 years)/Teacher Report Form (TRF). In Phase 3, the preventive intervention program was implemented, targeting and focusing on teachers, pupils, and participating families. Finally, in Phase 4, at post-test stage, both instruments were repeated and moreover individual focal groups meetings were held with teachers and families in order to examine the social validity of the study as well as it was gathered qualitative data to analyze the effects of the previously applied intervention program. To assess the impact of the intervention, MANOVA test was applied to the results obtained with the PSI and the TRF. Regarding parenting styles, there was a statistically significant increase in the parenting style index, with respect to the positive monitoring and moral behavior, and a statistically significant decrease in relaxed discipline, and in the negative monitoring. In relation to student behavior, according to reports from teachers, there was a statistically significant decrease either in internalizing or externalizing problems, or in total problems. The results of the focal group meetings held with the families provided information about favorable and unfavorable aspects of the intervention; it was noticed positive changes in child and family behavior; it was evaluated the position of a psychologist within the school. Finally, the meetings with the teachers allowed to gather information about the characteristics of the collaboration that were included in the developed intervention; favorable and unfavorable aspects of the intervention; positive changes related to student behavior at school and their quality of life; degree of applicability of the developed strategies; evaluation of the position of a psychologist at the school.
Preferência manual e assimetrias intermanuais de desempenho na ação de alcançar em bebês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-19)
Souza, Rosana Machado de
;
Teixeira, Luis Augusto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456193961124925
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2620014122591577
Manual preference has been regarded as derived from innate performance advantage of one hand over the other. The main purpose of this work was to investigate the relationship between manual preference and intermanual performance asymmetry on a task of reaching for static targets in five-month-old infants. Secondary purposes were to assess the effects of spatial target position and gender on manual preference, and the relationship between the infants‟ and the parents‟ manual preference. Manual preference was evaluated through frequency of right- and left-handed reaching toward targets at right, midline and left positions, regarding the midsagittal plane of the infant‟s body. Intermanual asymmetry was assessed through kinematic analysis of reaching toward the target at the midline position. Dependent variables were the following: movement time, movement straightness, number of movement units, median velocity, peak velocity, and deceleration time. Analysis of manual preference indicated similar frequency of rightand left-handed reaching at midline and ipsilateral reaching toward lateral targets. Analysis of manual preference regarding toy positions indicated the equivalence between the incidence of infants presenting right and left manual preference. Kinematic analysis showed similar patterns of reaching between the right and left hands, except for deceleration time. Manual preference was not correlated with performance asymmetry. These results suggest that early manual preference in reaching does not derive from a superior capacity of control of one hand over the other. Manual preference was not significantly different between males and females, and it was not correlated with parents‟ manual preference. Results are discussed in terms of environmental versus genetic factors associated with formation of manual preference.
Estudo da vulnerabilidade a erosão da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Pântano (São Carlos, Analândia e Descalvado-SP), utilizando Geoprocessamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-20)
Barbosa, Yanayne Benetti
;
Lorandi, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0106501285091187
This paper presents a study on the vulnerability in terms of soil loss in a hydrographic basin, scale 1:50,000. Its main purpose is to draw up a vulnerability chart to erosion based on the themes of geomorphology, geology, soil, vegetation, land use and climate. The study area comprises the hydrographic basin of the Ribeirão do Pântano stream, a sub-basin of the Mogi-Guaçu river, which encompasses parts of the municipalities of Analândia, Descalvado and São Carlos, located in the center of the State of São Paulo. The methodological approach proposed by Crepani at al 2001, founded on the concept of Tricart's Ecodynamics, was employed to achieve the objectives of this research. The knowledge on the areas vulnerable to erosion is very important in order to elaborate a proper environmental planning, to control the occupation of the basin soil and to prevent the occurrence of erosion and soil loss in the studied area.
Efeitos do treinamento de força sobre a densidade mineral óssea (DMO): (1) estudo da biomecânica óssea e da atividade da metaloproteinase -2 (MMP-2) em ratas ovariectomizadas; (2) estudo de biomarcadores inflamatórios e do remodelamento ósseo em mulheres pós-menopáusicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-21)
Shiguemoto, Gilberto Eiji
;
Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9885031162656978
Síntese e propriedades da zeólita FAU com cristais nanométricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-21)
Chaves, Thiago Faheina
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4406892192390018
The FAU zeolite was obtained using different amounts of water. Both at higher levels as the lowest amount of water the intensities of the diffraction peaks are less intense. The results of physisorption of these samples suggest the presence of material not yet crystallized in this product. The scanning micrographs show large spherical particles with apparent roughness, suggesting the formation of aggregates of smaller particles. For transmission electron microscopy the results show very dense clusters, with indicative that the particles are very cohesive. The crystallization curve shows that the stabilization of the phase occurs at 8 h of synthesis at 100 ° C, be interesting to work on shorter times to prevent the growth of particles. The aging of the mixture facilitated the crystallization of the material by decreasing the induction time and particle size. In high alkalinity can be observed a decrease in the intensity of diffraction peaks and size of particles observed by SEM. Long crystallization times produce materials with high external area, about 40% higher than a commercial sample. The variation of aging time of the samples with high alkalinity shows that with three days are obtained clusters of about 100 nm are formed by crystals even smaller. Therefore, was developed a method to obtain nanocrystals of zeolite FAU, without the presence of template and using silica and alumina sources with reduced cost.
Estudo dos resíduos perigosos do campus de Araras da Universidade Federal de São Carlos visando a sua gestão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-28)
Saqueto, Karla Carolina
;
Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7669474258357906
For that management of the hazardous wastes be held of correct environmental way, technical and administrative arrangements should be implemented, involving the prevention and effective control of generation until its final disposition. Considering the importance and complexity of the wastes management at universities, the objective of this work is to make a diagnosis and analysis of the questions involving dangerous wastes generated by the Centre for Agrarian Sciences - UFSCar campus from Araras city, in order to propose management of these wastes, with the aim of promoting reduction and/or elimination of the environment impact caused by improper discard, based on necessities and particularities of UFSCar campus and literature related. Were discussed some important concepts about thematic of wastes in the university, as well as the best ways of management of hazardous wastes in theses institutions. Aiming to set particularities of the campus from Araras city was accomplished the diagnose and characterization of the dangerous wastes by applying a semi-structured interview with the manager staff of the wastes sectors. Due the diversity of labs, 116 differents itens of wastes are generated, these wastes can be separated in categories and they present different degree of risk. However, in the campus from Araras city are storaged more than a half (54,4%) of these wastes, considered dangerous, the remainder part of it, is discard of wrong way. The data about waste treatment, show that just 8,5 liters per month of wastes perform some treatment, ie, less than 2% of the total generated. Fortunately, it is feasible that this reality can be changed leading the college to a correct control of their wastes. However it is necessary to create a recycling conscience and informations, that are able to change the complex circunstances present in the university.
Preparação e caracterização mecânica, térmica e elétrica de misturas de poliuretano derivado do óleo de mamona e poli (o- metoxianilina) para avaliação na aplicação como sensores para língua eletrônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-28)
Alves, William Ferreira
;
Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1312419546878025
The incorporation of conducting polymer into a conventional polymer matrix has received considerable attention in the last decade because of the possibility of combining the good processability and mechanical performance of the conventional polymer with the electrical optical properties of conducting polymer. Among conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) and its derivatives has been extensively used because of the low cost of raw material, ease of synthesis and environmental stability. The main objective of this study was to develop a sensor for electronic tongue, from thin films of blends of polyurethane with POMA on interdigitated electrodes produced by spin-coating technique, under optimized conditions, and check the electrical behavior of the sensors in states doped. Films PUR mixture with POMA, although they may have less sensitivity to the substances found in the analyte than the nano-structured films, they may have better adherence and therefore be used to analyze substances with which the nano-structured films would not be possible. Films mixture of polyurethane derived from castor oil (PUR) and POMA were obtained by the casting (free standing) and also on interdigitated electrodes by the method of spin coating. The films were characterized using the techniques of UV-Vis-Nir, thermo-dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), stress-strain and optical microscopy. The values of modulus of elasticity of the PUR solvent chloroform (PUR-Clo) for the mixture of PUR/POMA (m/m) 50/50 had values of 0.3 GPa and 4.1 GPa, respectively. With the incorporation of 10% of POMA in the PUR glass transition temperature (Tg) of the films increased from 67 to 137oC, respectively. For the analysis done by DMA, the films with 30, 40 and 50% of POMA in PUR, confirmed the presence of crosslinking between the polymers, Mc, values of 195, 322 and 517 mol/m3, respectively. The films doped with NH4OH and HCl have better response capacitive and resistive to various analytes analyzed in the frequency range 1-105 Hz Thus, the sensors doped and dedoped can be used as an identifier of fingerprint detection of substances in different concentrations.
Hidrotalcitas de Ni-Mg-Al como precursores de catalisadores para produção de gás de síntese a partir de biogás
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-29)
Pedrotti, Wagner
;
Assaf, José Mansur
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2443047062730235
Catalysts obtained by thermal decomposition of the precursors with hydrotalcite-like structure [Mg1-xAlx (OH)2]x+ [CO3]x/n. mH2O and [Ni1-x Mg1-xAlx (OH)2]x+ [CO3]x/n. mH2O were prepared, characterized and tested in the reactions of dry and oxidative reforming of methane. The precursors were modified with the addition of nickel during the precipitation or by impregnation, in order to increase the thermal stability and dispersion of the active metal and the resistance against carbon deposition during the reaction. The catalyst precursors were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal and gravimetric analysis, atomic emission spectroscopy, surface area determination (BET method) and temperature programmed reduction. The results indicated that the precipitation method led the formation of the hydrotalcite-type structure and that the variation in the calcination temperature resulted in mixed oxides with the desired structure: at 650 °C the mixed oxides were formed, but when the calcination temperature was increased to 850 °C these oxides had become more stable. It was observed in the catalytic experiments that the addition of different amounts of magnesium influenced the activity and stability of the oxides, when compared with samples that contained only Ni/Al. The mixed oxide with composition 12.67% Ni-Mg1,35/Al was the more active and resistant to deactivation during the reaction.
Estágios imaturos de Lepidoptera e parasitoides associados, em fragmento de mata semidecidual em São Carlos, Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-29)
Iemma, Luis Gustavo Rodrigues
;
Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1043228491783390
A semidecidual forest fragment located in Parque Eco-Esportivo Damha, São Carlos, SP, was studied. The purpose was to sample the diversity of Lepidoptera larvae, their host plants and associated parasitoids. Five different plant species were sampled during 13 months using an entomological umbrella; 266 larvae belonging to 11 families and 26 genera were obtained. The most abundant family was Geometridae, with 32.81% of total amount, followed by Nymphalidae and Gelechiidae. The most abundant genus was Eois (Geometridae) with 28.20% of total larvae amount. The major occurrence of larvae was between the end of raining period and the beginning of the dry period. Using the saturation curve is observed that the survey was not sufficient to sample the real diversity of larvae of this forest fragment. During the work, 10% of larvae were parasitized and a total of 907 parasitoids emerged from different hosts, all koinobionts. Tachinidae was the most frequent parasitoid registered and occurred on Quadrus sp.; The most abundant parasitoid in number of specimens was Copidosoma sp. Polyembrionic parasitoid, attended by 787 found on Plusiinae (Noctuidae).
Desenvolvimento de um fluorímetro microcontrolado para determinação de clorofila a em águas superficiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-29)
Guerreiro, Thiago Brito
;
Faria, Ronaldo Censi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4678967713981107
In this work a portable fluorimeter was developed and used for determination of chlorophyll a in water samples. The instrument was constructed using the following components: a microcontroller (PIC18F4550), two LEDs as light source, a multichannel photodiode (TCS-230) as detector and a digital display. LEDs with maximum emission at 405 and 760 nm were used. The detector is equipped with three internal optical filters inside with maximum sensitivity at 480, 540 and 690 nm besides the possible use without the optical filter with high sensitivity in the visible spectral region with maximum sensitivity at 680 nm. The microcontroller works as central processing unit controlling all components of the instrument by a program previously recorded in its memory eliminating the need of a microcomputer. The fluorimeter was calibrated using standard solutions of fluorescein and rhodamine 6G in HCl 1.0 x 10-5 mol L-1 and performance was compared with a commercial spectrofluorimeter, and the results are in agreement at a confidence level of 95%. A linear response range for fluorescein was obtained between 0.5 and 100.0 x 10-6 mol L-1 and a correlation coefficient of 0.996 and for rhodamine 6G a linear response range between 0.2 and 10.0 x 10-6 mol L-1 was obtained and a correlation coefficient of 0.989. The fluorimeter was used for determination of chlorophyll a in water samples and blue algae culture medium. The results were compared with a spetrophotometric method and were in agreement at a confidence level of 95%. A linear range of between 2.5 and 1333.6 x 10-6 g L-1 for chlorophyll a was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.995. The concentration range attend the requirements of CONAMA resolution n° 357 that classifies the water quality covering the concentrations of 10.0, 30.0 and 60.0 x 10-6 g L-1 for different classes of water. The fluorimeter is inexpensive, easy to use shows, low power consumption allowing the feed with batteries, small size (10 cm x 20 cm x 15 cm) and with weight of 0.76 kg. The fluorimeter can be used to determine species with excitation at 405 and or 476 nm and emission across the visible range with excellent performance.
Demografia e variação genética de Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) na região nordeste do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30)
Miotto, Renata Alonso
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2281140731405167
The northeast area of São Paulo state was originally covered by cerrado and semideciduous forest, but for the last two centuries, it has experienced distinct cycles of human exploitation of its fertile soils. Despite of intensive human activities, large habitat loss and fragmentation of the native vegetation cover, pumas (Puma concolor) still inhabit remnant habitat fragments in the northeastern area of the state. In this study, by using fecal DNA and molecular markers, we investigated demographic and genetic issues on pumas to aggregate basic information for conservation efforts to maintain long term viable subpopulations of this toppredator in the region. Between 2004-2008, we identified 17 animals (13 females and four males) inhabiting two of the last natural refuges in the area; five females represented resident adults indicating that both refuge areas may act as a source of individuals in the landscape. Only three animals did not exhibit any degree of relatedness, and we found evidence of philopatry, behaviour already described in North American populations. By using mark-recapture-DNA-based methods, we estimated a density of 9.36 ± 2.54 animals/100 km2 inside and surrounding these areas (~260 km2), the largest density estimate for this species reported in the literature. The high abundance may reflect an absence of direct competitors, as well as large prey availability and absence of similar high quality patches in the matrix; mainly females tend to tolerate higher home-range overlap when many resources are available. Considering that pumas may disperse throughout the matrix, we quantified aspects that will probably have influence on the species viability in the area, such as roadkills (11; 10 males and one female) and puma-human conflicts (six events). Especially male pumas tend to disperse long distances from their natal area to occupy new home-ranges, avoiding inbreeding and maintaining high levels of gene flow. Thus, to qualify the dispersers movement success, in a higher geographic scale, we sampled 37 pumas and tested the hypothesis of lack of genetic structure among the natural areas in the region. We observed that pumas in the northeast area of São Paulo state constitute a single population, have high levels of genetic diversity (HE=0.79; mean of 10 alleles per locus) and are related to each other. We also found evidence of a recent bottleneck event in this 10 population. In spite of the huge landscape transformation in consequence of human activities, we concluded that pumas still maintain some levels of gene flow among the protected areas of the study area larger than 2,000 ha and more than 70 km distant one from another, so conservation efforts should be concentrated on the maintenance of this flow. We recommend that puma management should be conducted at the landscape level by increasing habitat connectivity, such as, (1) creating new protected areas; (2) applying an alternate cutting approach in eucalyptus plantations; (3) maintaining habitat patches in private properties; (4) creating structures to allow highway crossing of pumas; (5) designing educational actions to change community perception of large carnivores.
Avaliação de indicadores de planejamento e controle da produção na construção : boas práticas, eficácia e prazo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30)
Oliveira, Carla Barroso de
;
Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5400036743326023
The effective implementation of appropriate development plans to the reality of the work becomes a crucial issue for a good construction companies performance. The ability to presage potential barriers in implementation enterprise enables companies to work in uncertain environments and solve any problems prior to the execution tasks, thereby protecting the production. The emergence of a new concept for management construction has been widely discussed, the Lean Construction. Given a set of practices linked to concepts and basic principles of Lean Construction and considered essential for effective planning, evaluation was made in 33 plans prepared by a consulting planning firm. Thus it was possible to achieve the main goal of this research: assessing the impact of good practices of PCP in the planning construction effectiveness. Other objectives were: evaluate the impact of effective planning and control in enterprise performance, analyze the causes for the non-completion of work packages, verify variations in indicators of production performance according to the type of company, and check for correlation between indicators studied. The results hasn t shown a direct relationship between the indicators. It was observed that 65% of good planning practices were used by the consulting planning firm and that it, along with its contractors, may improve the effectiveness of the planning process. It was possible to determine a valid model for predicting the time deviousness.
Nova metodologia de diagnóstico para Ehrlichia canis: PCR X LAMP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30)
Chiari, Maria Fernanda
;
Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2548258551261008
Because the close relationship between men and dogs, possibly some ectoparasites of dogs can be observed parasitizing man. The tick Rhipicecephalus sanguineus is an ectoparasite that has the ability to carry and transmit pathogens to humans. This arthropod, that is blood-feeding, is the main biological vector of the bacteria Ehrlichia canis. Currently, the diagnosis of this disease ehrlichiasis is based on blood, biochemical and serological tests, although they are unreliable for diagnosing the disease, since their clinical and clinicopathological features are largely nonspecific. Tetracyclines are commonly used in the treatment of ehrlichiosis, but studies show that some dogs remain positive for E. canis after treatment or after the loss of spontaneous infection. The chronic ehrlichiosis, having high prognosis fails, can result in high mortality. Therefore, more sensitive and reliable tests may help in the selection of dog carrying the disease. The PCR (polymerase chain reaction) has been used successfully in the diagnosis of E. canis. However, this molecular technology requires expensive equipment and specialized personnel to handle, which limits its use in laboratories routines. A more sensitive, specific, and simple to detect the microorganism method is desirable. In this work we develop the technique for detection of the bacterium Ehrlichia canis using the LAMP (Loop- Mediated Isothermal Amplification), which proved being very effective. Specific sequences of the E. canis dsb gene (disulfide bond) were used as target for the tested techniques. Dsb gene was highly specific in order to detect E. canis, since it is divergent of phylogenetically similar bacteria. Performed molecular tests showed a disease incidence greater than that indicated by authors using traditional diagnostic techniques. In the public kennel, 80% of the samples were infected, while in private clinics and veterinary hospital 40% had the disease. The developed diagnostic technique using LAMP is more sensitive than PCR, highly specific and does not require the prior DNA extraction to amplification. In addition, the product of amplification can be seen with the naked eye. We conclude that the diagnosis by the LAMP method enables the specific and high sensitivity identification of infected animals with minimal laboratory settings. These factors make possible the use of this diagnostic methodology for veterinary clinics, laboratories and educational institutions.
Determinação da disponibilidade de Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg e Zn em amostras de carnes bovinas, suínas e de frango In natura e processadas termicamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30)
Menezes, Eveline de Abreu
;
Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8849367592224960
In this work, the availability of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Zn in bovine, pork and chicken meat samples raw and after thermal treatments: water boiled, grilled, microwave, convention oven I 180 oC (FCI) and conventional oven II 60 min and 180 oC was evaluated. Total determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn in bovine and pork samples was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), and Cu in chicken samples was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), after digestion assisted by microwave radiation. Total protein determination was performed based on total nitrogen determination and the protein digestibility determination was determined by using the method proposed by Akeson and Stahman, in which the sample is digested with digestive enzymes in an acidic medium, simulanting in vitro conditions. To the mineral availability evaluation, an in vitro procedure, simulated gastric fluid was applied. Independent of the procedure of cooking, similar behavior was observed for all meat sample evaluated. Increasing temperature and exposition time of food to heat, decreases in proteins availability was observed, probably due to proteins denaturation. The bovine meat presented about 20% of Cu, Fe, and Zn availability, that became this kind of food an important source of these nutrients in human nutrition. When the meat was water boiled, it was observed increase in nutrients availability. For all samples, the use of conventional oven during 60 min at 180oC (FCII) presented reduces in nutrients and proteins availability, indicating that this thermal treatment can change the digestibility and mineral absorption of the evaluated meat samples.
Fração de filme em lavadores Venturi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30)
Guerra, Andressa Pinheiro
;
Gonçalves, José Antônio Silveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0337997526924402
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9658879356148704
Venturi scrubber is an equipment applied to particulate material removal, soluble gases absorption, and gas stream odors reduction. This device utilizes of a liquid wash that collides a high velocity gas inside the scrubber. Liquid is then atomized, producing drops, which collect the particles. During the process, part of the drops retain at scrubber walls as a film. The referred film increases pressure drop, affecting efficiency. Our study aim, by observing the film fraction, was to reduce the pressure loss, increasing the scrubber efficiency, and lowering operational costs. Two Pease-Anthony circular transverse-section scrubbers, vertically set, were used. In order to obtain more information on the film fraction influence to the scrubber performance, some features such as dimensionless axial distance to the injection point, convergence angle, number of injection points, and throat diameter, were varied. Gas velocities used were 50, 70, and 90 m/s, as for jet penetration, 5% to 85%. Film fraction has varied to liquid jet penetration, and has shown a interval of minimal film formation on scrubber walls, to each specific configuration. Largest quantities of film were collected on the lower and higher jet penetrations. Liquid fraction on the scrubber walls has also varied to the gas velocity, liquid injection orifices configuration, dimensionless axial distance from the injection point, and throat diameter The convergence section angle, however, has not influenced the film fraction variation in any of the studied conditions, in terms of the jet penetration. A different behavior among the angles, were only obtained with the gas velocity. Different orifice configurations, under excessive penetrations, have changed the jet trajectory.
Influência do empacotamento cristalino nas conformações de N,N -bis(piridina-n-ilmetil) etanodiamidas e tioamidas análogas (n= 2, 3, 4)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30)
Madureira, Lucas Sousa
;
Schpector, Júlio Zukerman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7944224842300652
The rational development of crystal structures requires consistent and directional formation of its synthons to control the supramolecular arrangement. Hydrogen bonds between atoms with high electronegativity (OH O and N-H...O) have greater strength and directionality compared to other interactions (C-H...N, C-H..._, _..._ ), so they are reliable for the design of these structures. However, some studies show that these interactions are not enough to predict a specific supramolecular arrangement, for example, synthons of carboxylic acids have centrosymmetric dimers {..H-O-C=O}2 in only one third of the structures with the potential to achieve these interactions. In this work several conformers of N, N'-bis (pyridin-n-ylmethyl)ethanediamide and their thioamides analogous were studied theoretically (B3LYP/631-G**) and their stabilities were compared to those of the conformation adopted in the crystal. The origin of the rotational barrier in the C-N bonds of amides and thioamides were analyzed through the changes in geometric parameters, partial charges and bond orders. It was observed that (thio)amide bonds in the gas phase have properties that direct the crystal packing to the ZZ conformation. As to the orientations of the pyridyl rings (Planar, U shaped and S shaped), the electronic structures of individual molecules do not present stabilizing forces that can be carried to the solid state without the influence of intermolecular interactions, thus, the choice of the crystalline conformation related to the pyridyl rings is dictated by intermolecular forces. It was also proved that the origin of the rotational barrier can be described by the classical resonance model.
Chaminé solar como alternativa para incrementar a ventilação natural em espaços internos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-02)
Cavalcanti, Fernando Antonio de Melo Sá
;
Roriz, Maurício
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6355579765506588
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4407657668950931
This work aims to investigate the influence of solar chimneys in the natural ventilation in buildings located in Brazil. Considering that Brazil is a tropical country and has a great potential for the harnessing of solar radiation, it is intended to verify the hypothesis that the use of this device may increase air movement in indoor spaces contributing to promote thermal comfort for users of these environments. The methodology used to verify this hypothesis was based on comparing the performance of two construction systems: a conventional chimney and a solar chimney. The two models have the same height and dimensions for the air inlet and outlet. This comparison was performed by computer simulations using EnergyPlus software, for eight Brazilian cities located in each one of the bioclimatic zones of Brazil, during winter and summer. The investigated device showed satisfactory performance, increasing natural ventilation during the day in all cities simulated, even in winter, when natural ventilation may not be desired in some climates. The data were presented to facilitate the understanding of professionals in the Construction Industry in general, contributing to establish a theoretical framework on the subject, and projective guidelines for more efficient buildings from the standpoint of energy. It is also intended to contribute to the potential of this device is investigated in several Brazilian regions, always trying to adapt the buildings to the climate of where it will be built.
As câmeras cinematográficas nos anos 1950/1960 e o cinema brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-02)
Barbuto, Adriano Soriano
;
Sá Neto, Arthur Autran Franco de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5055550097454248
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8722211909200533
The motion picture cameras have changed through the years. However, they have kept their main design which has not changed during this period. One of the goals of this text is to understand how that design was created, and also the changes it has suffered without losing its essence. Besides that, this text aims to understand how different cameras connected with the Brazilian cinema production in the fifties and sixties. A change on camera s use is noticeable in that period in Brazil. There is a change in appreciation from the more traditional cameras linked to the studio system to the European cameras developed in the thirties and forties, which were lighter and more portable. This issue coincides with a specific characteristic in Brazilian cinema at that time, when people started to believe in the independent cinema production as an answer to the studio system, which was the main thought until then. In order to show this entire context, it has been chosen the Vera Cruz and Cinema Novo, their movies and shootings, to confront and connect them to camera models and their relation to the mode of production
Identificação de genes com alta taxa evolutiva em tecidos reprodutivos femininos de moscas-das-frutas Anastrepha obliqua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-02)
Gonçalves, Vanessa Regina
;
Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143871288303271
The genus Anastrepha is the largest in the family Tephritidae (Trypetinae, Toxotrypanini). The construction of cDNA libraries is important for identifying new genes and establishing genetic markers on non-models organisms such as the genus Anastrepha. Among the proteins involved in reproduction, we can cite those belonging cascade sexual and those responsible for forming the eggshell. The purpose of this study was to build a cDNA library from a pool of female reproductive tissues Anastrepha obliqua to breed ESTs, to search for genes with a high evolutionary rate, focusing on chorionic and vitelline proteins. We were sequenced 2304 clones obtained from the reproductive tissues of female flies Anastrepha obliqua. In total, 310 contigs and 506 singlets were generated wich were classified into different proteins classes. The chorionic proteins and Sxl revealed to be under selection positive as well as the vitelline Vm 26Aa ', which was possibly generated by a gene duplication of Vm 26aa, while Tra2 seems under purifying selection. The inference of the secondary structure of proteins studied revealed that the sites under positive selection were present on outside membrane. The population analysis of genes chorionic, vitelline, Sxl and Tra2 revealed no separation between the 3 species, although in some situations have occurred separation between some of the haplotypes for a single specie. With these results, it was possible to identify new genes, make the full sequencing for some vitelline and chorionic genes on pools of other species of Anastrepha, and we also identified that some of these genes are under positive selection pressure.
Desenvolvimento de compostos poliméricos biodegradáveis modificados com cargas e fibras naturais vegetais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-02)
Vieira, Marília Motomura Gonçalves
;
Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8709005698584108
Due to environmental and economical concerns, the study and utilization of raw materials coming from natural renewable resources have grown significantly in the last years. The utilization of biodegradable polymers has shown to be a complementary alternative to those materials used in short term applications, due to the fact that they can be biodegraded in soil after thrown away. Besides that, the development of composite materials made of biodegradable polymers and natural fibers reinforcements is a recent object of study and has received great acceptance to disposable applications because these are considered the least aggressive materials to the environment. Taking this into consideration, this work aimed to develop and characterize compounds of biodegradable polymer (Ecobras®) filled and/or reinforced with natural vegetable fillers or fibers (cassava peel, micronized coconut fiber and wood flour). The compounds were characterized in respect to their properties: rheological; thermal; mechanical; structural; morphological and in respect to their biodegradation behavior. The incorporation of the fillers raised the viscosity of the polymeric matrix, making it a bit more difficult to be processed; and changed the mechanical properties of the compounds, without changing their thermal properties. By adding the fillers to the polymeric matrix, the elastic module of the compounds rose at least 50% in respect to the one of the matrix; and the elongation at break decreased. The fillers were considered inert when it comes to thermal properties. However, the fillers showed a poor interfacial adhesion with the polymeric matrix which can be improved by using compatibilizers agents or making superficial treatment to the fillers. All compounds presented great biodegradation rate, which appeared to be dependent on the addition of fibers and fillers (that postpone biodegradation).