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Nova metodologia de diagnóstico para Ehrlichia canis: PCR X LAMP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30) Chiari, Maria Fernanda; Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2548258551261008
Because the close relationship between men and dogs, possibly some ectoparasites of dogs can be observed parasitizing man. The tick Rhipicecephalus sanguineus is an ectoparasite that has the ability to carry and transmit pathogens to humans. This arthropod, that is blood-feeding, is the main biological vector of the bacteria Ehrlichia canis. Currently, the diagnosis of this disease ehrlichiasis is based on blood, biochemical and serological tests, although they are unreliable for diagnosing the disease, since their clinical and clinicopathological features are largely nonspecific. Tetracyclines are commonly used in the treatment of ehrlichiosis, but studies show that some dogs remain positive for E. canis after treatment or after the loss of spontaneous infection. The chronic ehrlichiosis, having high prognosis fails, can result in high mortality. Therefore, more sensitive and reliable tests may help in the selection of dog carrying the disease. The PCR (polymerase chain reaction) has been used successfully in the diagnosis of E. canis. However, this molecular technology requires expensive equipment and specialized personnel to handle, which limits its use in laboratories routines. A more sensitive, specific, and simple to detect the microorganism method is desirable. In this work we develop the technique for detection of the bacterium Ehrlichia canis using the LAMP (Loop- Mediated Isothermal Amplification), which proved being very effective. Specific sequences of the E. canis dsb gene (disulfide bond) were used as target for the tested techniques. Dsb gene was highly specific in order to detect E. canis, since it is divergent of phylogenetically similar bacteria. Performed molecular tests showed a disease incidence greater than that indicated by authors using traditional diagnostic techniques. In the public kennel, 80% of the samples were infected, while in private clinics and veterinary hospital 40% had the disease. The developed diagnostic technique using LAMP is more sensitive than PCR, highly specific and does not require the prior DNA extraction to amplification. In addition, the product of amplification can be seen with the naked eye. We conclude that the diagnosis by the LAMP method enables the specific and high sensitivity identification of infected animals with minimal laboratory settings. These factors make possible the use of this diagnostic methodology for veterinary clinics, laboratories and educational institutions.
Determinação da disponibilidade de Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg e Zn em amostras de carnes bovinas, suínas e de frango In natura e processadas termicamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30) Menezes, Eveline de Abreu; Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8849367592224960
In this work, the availability of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Zn in bovine, pork and chicken meat samples raw and after thermal treatments: water boiled, grilled, microwave, convention oven I 180 oC (FCI) and conventional oven II 60 min and 180 oC was evaluated. Total determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn in bovine and pork samples was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), and Cu in chicken samples was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), after digestion assisted by microwave radiation. Total protein determination was performed based on total nitrogen determination and the protein digestibility determination was determined by using the method proposed by Akeson and Stahman, in which the sample is digested with digestive enzymes in an acidic medium, simulanting in vitro conditions. To the mineral availability evaluation, an in vitro procedure, simulated gastric fluid was applied. Independent of the procedure of cooking, similar behavior was observed for all meat sample evaluated. Increasing temperature and exposition time of food to heat, decreases in proteins availability was observed, probably due to proteins denaturation. The bovine meat presented about 20% of Cu, Fe, and Zn availability, that became this kind of food an important source of these nutrients in human nutrition. When the meat was water boiled, it was observed increase in nutrients availability. For all samples, the use of conventional oven during 60 min at 180oC (FCII) presented reduces in nutrients and proteins availability, indicating that this thermal treatment can change the digestibility and mineral absorption of the evaluated meat samples.
Influência do empacotamento cristalino nas conformações de N,N -bis(piridina-n-ilmetil) etanodiamidas e tioamidas análogas (n= 2, 3, 4)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30) Madureira, Lucas Sousa; Schpector, Júlio Zukerman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7944224842300652
The rational development of crystal structures requires consistent and directional formation of its synthons to control the supramolecular arrangement. Hydrogen bonds between atoms with high electronegativity (OH O and N-H...O) have greater strength and directionality compared to other interactions (C-H...N, C-H..._, _..._ ), so they are reliable for the design of these structures. However, some studies show that these interactions are not enough to predict a specific supramolecular arrangement, for example, synthons of carboxylic acids have centrosymmetric dimers {..H-O-C=O}2 in only one third of the structures with the potential to achieve these interactions. In this work several conformers of N, N'-bis (pyridin-n-ylmethyl)ethanediamide and their thioamides analogous were studied theoretically (B3LYP/631-G**) and their stabilities were compared to those of the conformation adopted in the crystal. The origin of the rotational barrier in the C-N bonds of amides and thioamides were analyzed through the changes in geometric parameters, partial charges and bond orders. It was observed that (thio)amide bonds in the gas phase have properties that direct the crystal packing to the ZZ conformation. As to the orientations of the pyridyl rings (Planar, U shaped and S shaped), the electronic structures of individual molecules do not present stabilizing forces that can be carried to the solid state without the influence of intermolecular interactions, thus, the choice of the crystalline conformation related to the pyridyl rings is dictated by intermolecular forces. It was also proved that the origin of the rotational barrier can be described by the classical resonance model.
Fração de filme em lavadores Venturi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30) Guerra, Andressa Pinheiro; Gonçalves, José Antônio Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0337997526924402; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9658879356148704
Venturi scrubber is an equipment applied to particulate material removal, soluble gases absorption, and gas stream odors reduction. This device utilizes of a liquid wash that collides a high velocity gas inside the scrubber. Liquid is then atomized, producing drops, which collect the particles. During the process, part of the drops retain at scrubber walls as a film. The referred film increases pressure drop, affecting efficiency. Our study aim, by observing the film fraction, was to reduce the pressure loss, increasing the scrubber efficiency, and lowering operational costs. Two Pease-Anthony circular transverse-section scrubbers, vertically set, were used. In order to obtain more information on the film fraction influence to the scrubber performance, some features such as dimensionless axial distance to the injection point, convergence angle, number of injection points, and throat diameter, were varied. Gas velocities used were 50, 70, and 90 m/s, as for jet penetration, 5% to 85%. Film fraction has varied to liquid jet penetration, and has shown a interval of minimal film formation on scrubber walls, to each specific configuration. Largest quantities of film were collected on the lower and higher jet penetrations. Liquid fraction on the scrubber walls has also varied to the gas velocity, liquid injection orifices configuration, dimensionless axial distance from the injection point, and throat diameter The convergence section angle, however, has not influenced the film fraction variation in any of the studied conditions, in terms of the jet penetration. A different behavior among the angles, were only obtained with the gas velocity. Different orifice configurations, under excessive penetrations, have changed the jet trajectory.
Avaliação de indicadores de planejamento e controle da produção na construção : boas práticas, eficácia e prazo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30) Oliveira, Carla Barroso de; Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5400036743326023
The effective implementation of appropriate development plans to the reality of the work becomes a crucial issue for a good construction companies performance. The ability to presage potential barriers in implementation enterprise enables companies to work in uncertain environments and solve any problems prior to the execution tasks, thereby protecting the production. The emergence of a new concept for management construction has been widely discussed, the Lean Construction. Given a set of practices linked to concepts and basic principles of Lean Construction and considered essential for effective planning, evaluation was made in 33 plans prepared by a consulting planning firm. Thus it was possible to achieve the main goal of this research: assessing the impact of good practices of PCP in the planning construction effectiveness. Other objectives were: evaluate the impact of effective planning and control in enterprise performance, analyze the causes for the non-completion of work packages, verify variations in indicators of production performance according to the type of company, and check for correlation between indicators studied. The results hasn t shown a direct relationship between the indicators. It was observed that 65% of good planning practices were used by the consulting planning firm and that it, along with its contractors, may improve the effectiveness of the planning process. It was possible to determine a valid model for predicting the time deviousness.
Demografia e variação genética de Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) na região nordeste do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-07-30) Miotto, Renata Alonso; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2281140731405167
The northeast area of São Paulo state was originally covered by cerrado and semideciduous forest, but for the last two centuries, it has experienced distinct cycles of human exploitation of its fertile soils. Despite of intensive human activities, large habitat loss and fragmentation of the native vegetation cover, pumas (Puma concolor) still inhabit remnant habitat fragments in the northeastern area of the state. In this study, by using fecal DNA and molecular markers, we investigated demographic and genetic issues on pumas to aggregate basic information for conservation efforts to maintain long term viable subpopulations of this toppredator in the region. Between 2004-2008, we identified 17 animals (13 females and four males) inhabiting two of the last natural refuges in the area; five females represented resident adults indicating that both refuge areas may act as a source of individuals in the landscape. Only three animals did not exhibit any degree of relatedness, and we found evidence of philopatry, behaviour already described in North American populations. By using mark-recapture-DNA-based methods, we estimated a density of 9.36 ± 2.54 animals/100 km2 inside and surrounding these areas (~260 km2), the largest density estimate for this species reported in the literature. The high abundance may reflect an absence of direct competitors, as well as large prey availability and absence of similar high quality patches in the matrix; mainly females tend to tolerate higher home-range overlap when many resources are available. Considering that pumas may disperse throughout the matrix, we quantified aspects that will probably have influence on the species viability in the area, such as roadkills (11; 10 males and one female) and puma-human conflicts (six events). Especially male pumas tend to disperse long distances from their natal area to occupy new home-ranges, avoiding inbreeding and maintaining high levels of gene flow. Thus, to qualify the dispersers movement success, in a higher geographic scale, we sampled 37 pumas and tested the hypothesis of lack of genetic structure among the natural areas in the region. We observed that pumas in the northeast area of São Paulo state constitute a single population, have high levels of genetic diversity (HE=0.79; mean of 10 alleles per locus) and are related to each other. We also found evidence of a recent bottleneck event in this 10 population. In spite of the huge landscape transformation in consequence of human activities, we concluded that pumas still maintain some levels of gene flow among the protected areas of the study area larger than 2,000 ha and more than 70 km distant one from another, so conservation efforts should be concentrated on the maintenance of this flow. We recommend that puma management should be conducted at the landscape level by increasing habitat connectivity, such as, (1) creating new protected areas; (2) applying an alternate cutting approach in eucalyptus plantations; (3) maintaining habitat patches in private properties; (4) creating structures to allow highway crossing of pumas; (5) designing educational actions to change community perception of large carnivores.