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Atividade das enzimas celulase e xilanase durante a decomposição anaeróbia de macrófitas aquáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-12) Nunes, Maíra de Figueiredo; Bianchini Júnior, Irineu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3902418392932647
Enzymatic activity during decomposition is extremely important to hydrolyze molecules that are assimilated by microorganisms. During aquatic macrophytes decomposition, enzymes act mainly in the breakdown of lignocellulolytic matrix fibers (i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) that encompass the refractory fraction from organic matter. Considering the importance of enzymatic activities role in decomposition processes, this study aimed to describe the temporal changes of xylanase and cellulase activities during anaerobic decomposition of the aquatic macrophytes community located at Óleo Lagoon, placed in Ecological Station of Jataí, Luiz Antonio, São Paulo, Brazil. After a survey of existing aquatic macrophytes, 10 species were indentified in the lagoon. They were collected and bioassays were accomplished in the laboratory. Decomposition chambers from each species (n = 10) were set up with dried macrophyte fragments and filtered Óleo Lagoon water. The chambers were incubated at 22.5oC, in the dark and under anaerobic conditions. Enzymatic activities and remaining organic matter were measured periodically during 90 days. Besides this analysis, pH, humification index and carbon types were evaluated. Initial cellulose and hemicellulose was measured for each species. For all the plants xylanase s activitiy was greater than cellulase activity. The results showed no correlation between organic matter decay and enzyme production. This could have occurred because of lignocellulolytic matrix fibers structural differences and also because of physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The incubations showed a low pH, what agrees with Óleo lagoon characteristics, supporting that aquatic macrophytes decomposition interfers in its physical and chemical characteristics. Egeria najas presented a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) accumulation pattern during its decomposition which differed from the other species. This pattern tends to accumulate humic substances and consequently alters some water characteristics. Besides it, E. najas presented the largest distribution over Óleo lagoon area. Emergent species presented the greater amount of particulate organic matter (POM) accumulated in sediment, configuring the main available substrate to anaerobic microorganisms.
Diretrizes para o processo de projeto de edifícios hospitalares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-12) Oliveira, Edgar Peixoto de; Novaes, Celso Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7340467051481570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6630171234124576
This paper aims to propose guidelines for the design process of hospital buildings. To achieve this objective, literature review and case studies were conducted in three architectural firms specializing in projects for hospital buildings. It was possible to see how management is performed in the design process in each of these companies and what are the difficulties and differences between the design process of hospital buildings and design process of other built environments. The Company 1 has been operating for 11 years developing architectural plans for the hospital and residential segments, which contributed to identifying the differences between the design processes of these two segments. The Company 2 has been operating for 3 years coordinating the design process of residential, hospital, shopping and hotels, bringing a vision of the management process. The Company 3 has extensive experience in developing architectural plans for the hospital segment, serving for 32 years exclusively in this segment. The observation of the work of these companies, together with the literature review served as a subsidy for the drafting of guidelines for the design process of hospital buildings, as a contribution to the quality of it.