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Administração do 8-OH-DPAT no septo dorso lateral de camundongos submetidos ao labirinto em cruz elevado promove efeito ansiolítico que é revertido pelo pré-tratamento local com WAY100635
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-13) Silva, Helvia Arandas Monteiro e; Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0234596561772982
Research on anxiety often involves the use of animal models for investigation of therapeutic compounds. Thus, the elevated plus maze (EPM) is one of the most commonly model used in research involving anxiety and it has been validated for rats and mice. Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter involved not only in anxiety but also in other disorders. Some reports show that increasing the potency and selectivity of agonists demonstrates that the 5-HT1A receptors are involved in mechanisms of behavioral changes, for example, anxiety. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of agonist and antagonist of 5-HT1A receptors, administered intradorsolateral septum in mice exposed by LCE. The behavioral effects were examined by conventional and ethological analysis of the sessions (tripped) test. In experiment 1, the highest dose of the agonist 8-OH-DPAT (10nmol) induced anxiolytic effect, whereas the lowest dose tested (5.6 nmol) did not provide effect. In experiment 2, injection of the antagonist WAY-100 635 (5.6 nmol) did not alter any of the conventional indices of anxiety. In experiment 3, pretreatment with WAY-100 635 (5.6 nmol) reversed the anxiolytic effect of the two doses of 8-OH-DPAT (5.6 and 10nmol). The results showed that the anxiolytic effect promoted by the agonist of 5-HT1A receptors was blocked by local administration of WAY-100 635, the same receptor antagonist.
Desenvolvimento de eletrodo modificado com filme de polianilina e estudo da viabilidade da aplicação analítica para catecolaminas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-13) Barbosa, Nathália Vieira; Faria, Ronaldo Censi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7052464924811586
This work describes the development of a polyaniline (PANI) film modified electrode for determination of dopamine (DA) in pharmaceutical formulation. The electropolymerization of PANI film on platinum electrode was performed by cyclic voltammetry in a solution containing 0.1 mol L-1 aniline monomer and 0.5 mol L-1 sulfuric acid. The study of PANI/Pt electrode electrochemical response for determination of DA was carried out by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The DA electrochemical responses was obtained after applying a cathodic pretreatment of the PANI electrode, that consisting in applied a potential of -0.7 V for 3 s before each voltammetric measurements. The DA determination by differential pulse voltammetry, presented a better response in 0.1 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.5 and using the parameters of scan rate (v), pulse amplitude (a) and pulse increment (ΔEi) of 10 mV s-1, 50 mV and 2 mV, respectively. The calibration curve for dopamine presented linear response in the concentration range between 2.22x10-5 and 3.23x10-4 mol L-1, with detection and quantification limits of 1.80x10-5 and 6.00x10-5 mol L-1, respectively. DA recovery studies fulfilled in pharmaceutical formulation sample using PANI/Pt electrode showed recoveries between 98.0 and 104%. The results obtained with the modified electrode were in agreement with the spectrophotometric method with a relative error of 2.39%. The repeatability of PANI/Pt electrode responses was studied in solution of 1.0 mmol L-1 DA and a relative standard deviation of 2.68% was obtained for ten successive cyclic voltammetry carried out electrode cathodically pretreated before each measurement. The feasibility of analytical application of the proposed electrode for determination of catecholamines was evaluated for the adrenaline, noradrenaline and levodopa. The results obtained showed the applicability of the PANI/Pt electrode. The characterization of the PANI film, performed by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, showed granular and fibrillar morphology which is a characteristic of PANI.
Eficiência de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorok. no controle de cigarrinhas-das-pastagens (Homoptera: Cercopidae) em capim-marandu (Brachiaria bryzantha) em Corumbiara, Rondônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-13) Teixeira, Vagner Meira; Sá, Luiz Alexandre Nogueira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0985007035212882; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2676352999249733
Spittlebugs are the main pests of pasture of America Tropical, among which the genera Deois and Mahanarva stand out. These pests have been causing serious losses in the Brachiaria bryzantha pasture of the Rondônia State, Brazil. The fungus entomopathogenic Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin is considered an efficient agent for the biological control of many insects that represent plagues of agriculture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of spraying Brachiaria bryzantha pasture with the fungus M. anisopliae (isolate ESALQ 1037) against naturally infestation with the cattle tick spittlebug nymphs was evaluated. In this work the efficacy the fungus of applied at in twice formulations (concentrated emulsifiable oil and wettable powder), trhee doses (1,0 x109, 1,5 x109, 2 x109 viable conidias ha-1) in once for twice during the pest infested with period. The study was conducted from December 2008 to February 2009 at the Daiane farm in Corumbiara, Rondônia State, Brazil. The fungus was applied from 05 pm, under average temperature of 18 ºC and relative air humidity of 69%. The volume of the solution utilized was 300 liter ha-1 with sprayer. The evaluations were performed at the beginning (day 0), and 15, 32, 45, 61 e and 75 days, being one evaluation before the applications, and five after the applications of this fungus, counting the spittlebugs (nymphs) per 0.0625 m² (0.25 m x 0.25 m square). At 0 days the infestation was of 153,6 nymphs/m². It was verified that the levels of nymphs were reduced after the sprayings of M. anisopliae in all treatments. The stinkbug in efficiency control levels were higher of spittlebug nymphs for aplication fungus isolate, between 85,30% to 93,72%, in 75 days the applications, of this fungus. From these data, we conclude that M. anisopliae isolate ESALQ 1037 was efficient to control spittlebug in the B. bryzantha pasture, thus being a promising choice for use as a microbial insecticide and thus being promising choice familiar agriculture integrated pest management of in the Rondônia State
Síntese e avaliação de sílica tipo M41S contendo cátions CTA em transesterificação catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-13) Fabiano, Demian Patrick; Cardoso, Dilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6746672472192131
The investments in the biofuel production have increased a lot in the last years mainly because of smaller damages they cause to the environment in comparison with the derived conventional petroleum fuels. The reaction of biodiesel formation is denominated transesterification and, nowadays that reaction happens in the presence of homogeneous catalyst as the sodium methoxide, sodium hydroxide, (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH). However, those catalysts create problems such as the possibility of soap formation and they need stages such as the neutralization and washing of the biodiesel. Moreover, the residues of the hydroxides are aggressive to the environment. To eliminate these and other problems, the present work presents a new technology in heterogeneous catalysts with enough basic force to accomplish the transesterification of vegetable oil in tender conditions. For the first time, hybrid catalysts of the type molecular sieves of the family M41S ([CTA]Si-MCM-41, [CTA]Si-MCM-48 and [CTA]Si-MCM-50) were synthesized and used, without modification, in transesterification reactions with monoesters and vegetable oils. The results show that catalysts reach conversions around 96 % in the transesterification of canola oil (1:18) at 79 ºC, however the activity is reduced when the catalyst is reused, due, mainly, to the lixiviation of the CTA+ cation. However, new techniques are being developed in order to increase the catalyst stability.
Caracterização e análise da participação e dos conflitos em uma escola transformada em comunidades de aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-13) Pinheiro, Edneia Virginia; Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3295597349119182
The objective of this study is to understand the impact of Learning Communities (LC) in a school unit in relation to participation and the conflicts existing within them, highlighting in particular those aspects which facilitate and hamper the manifestation and resolution of the conflicts. Taking as reference the critical communicative methodology, and based on the communicative action concepts, of Habermas, and dialogicity, of Freire, the principal means of data collection of this research was in-depth interviews, carried out with: the head of the EMEB, the deputy director, a schoolmistress, who had been acting for approximately two years as pedagogical coordinator, and a family member. All the people interviewed were involved in one of the unit s two bodies (School Council or Management Commission). We sought, in this way, to understand the existing relationship between the participation of everyone in the school and in the decision-making processes, in a egalitarian manner, and the occurrence of conflicts, seeking to identify which factors stimulate conflicts and which factors inhibit them, and how they manifest themselves in the relations within the unit and in what way the egalitarian dialogue, present in the decision processes of a LC, impacts on these conflicts. The analysis of the data, which embraced both transformative factors and those that appeared as obstacles to transformation, took the form of a collaboration between the individuals interviewed and the researcher, in order to promote dialogue on the content raised, the themes chosen and the understandings reached, aiming for consensus. We were able to observe that many changes occurred in the school unit following the implementation of the LC proposal. Noteworthy among them is the incorporation of egalitarian dialogue in all the relationships, involving the different bodies of the EMEB. We observed that the existence of conflicts in the unit demonstrates its openness to dialogue, enabling everyone to state their opinions and arguments. Conflict, therefore, has acted as a point of departure in the search for understanding, which is established with the communicative action, the fruit of consensus reached by means of the best arguments. This investigation integrates the research Learning communities: a wager on the quality of learning, on the equality of difference and on the democratization of school management , which envisages four axes of investigation: (1) learning to read and write, (2) dialogic learning practices, (3) formative needs and educational potentialities of the surrounding population, with focus on the working conditions of family members and on the environmental conditions and ways of life in that environment, (4) management and participation of the community in the life of the school.
Síntese de uma coleção de cumarinas, possíveis inibidores da enzima acetilcolinesterase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-13) Vieira, Lucas Campos Curcino; Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1662838473695956
Alzheimer's disease is associated with decreased rates of acetylcholine (ACh) in synaptic process, decreasing the cortical cholinergic transmission, and other neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate and substance P in lesser extension. Some drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease available in the market are inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). The aim of this work was synthesize and evaluate a library of coumarins with respect to inhibitory activity against AChE in IMERs (Immobilized Enzyme Reactor). This study could contribute to establish the structure-activity relationships and the rational design of possible drugs to treat the Alzheimer's disease. During the development of the project it was used the Knoevenagel condensation between salicyladehydes and diethyl malonate to obtain coumarins. The functionalization of the coumarins had been carried by amidation, nucleophilic substitution, multicomponent and cross coupling reactions. The Suzuki reaction has proved to be an interesting tool to obtain 8-substituted coumarins, a method that has not yet been described in the literature. In total 23 compounds were synthesized. The inhibitory activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated using Ellman s method adapted to a IMER, which offers the advantage of the stationary phase retains the activity of the enzyme with superior stability and thus it can be used multiple times and in flow. Among the synthesized coumarins, ethyl 2-oxo-7-(2-(piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate proved to be the best inhibitor for AChE, with an IC50 of 6.3 μM.