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Potencialidades e limites de uma disciplina do curso de Educação Musical a distância na UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-20)
Carvalho, Isamara Alves
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Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7634525753891601
This work was developed from issues and concerns related to the nature of human, musical and technological learning within a practical discipline of the Musical Education Bachelor Course (online education modality) of the Open University of Brazil at the Federal University of São Carlos (UAB / UFSCar). What educational processes are evidenced in a practical discipline of the course of online music education? What aspects could help build the online musical education teaching knowledge base? The theoretical fundaments permeated concepts of Online Education [Moore & Kearsley (2007), Moran (2006), Silva (2006)], pedagogical and musical Multidimensionality [Kramer (2000), Del Ben (2003), Hentschke (2001)], Pedagogical knowledge base and Teaching Knowledge [Shulman (1987), Tardif (2002) and Mizukami (2002)] among others. Data were collected in the virtual environment of the discipline as well as from the audiovisual records of the activities realized during face meetings. Are fellow volunteers in this research the virtual tutor, the students, as well as the teacher-researcher, author of this thesis. It was highlighted the learning related to groups coexistence representations, solidarity, the building of social bonding, conflict resolution within the data set on human relations in interactions in the network of computers connected to the Internet. Amongst specific learning aspects, regarding music, music education and the use of technology, it was possible to observe the diversity of challenges and achievements in the understanding and performing of musical pieces with the recorder, body percussion and alternative materials, and registering diversity in the use of audiovisual resources. I concluded that the modality of online education in this discipline has offered many dialogic, musical and technological challenges to the participants; however, it has not limited anyone to work in the search for fulfillment of the discipline goals. The limits and potentials are the choices and referrals attributes of the managers and the students of the discipline. It is possible to find out in this study the understanding and overcoming movement of conceivable limits, although not definitive. Other papers may discuss the significant learning starting from the speeches of the students themselves and participant tutor, besides analyzing other methodological possibilities in forwarding the same discipline in this online educational modality.
Análise de patentes sobre sistemas de colheita de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-20)
Pinto, Márcia Ferreira
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Faria, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9620356857317923
Either by environmental, economical, technological or social reasons, the total mechanization of field operations in the cultivation of sugar cane has already been a reality in the sugar cane plantations in Sao Paulo state in which the harvesting operations (mainly cuts) performed by the man beforehand are being systematically replaced by machines, trying to match productivity with sustainability and the development of the field and the city. Within this scenario, the market for machinery and agricultural implements for the harvesting of the sugar cane has grown, but some technological barriers have been identified as effective for the advancement of the mechanization in the harvest of sugar cane: 1) the cleaning system of stems that according to experts, does not promote an efficient cleaning, taking to the plant impurities that compromise the production, 2) the size of the machines, which does not meet the needs of the small and medium producers (the biggest number in the country), 3) a decrease in the weight of the machines, trying to reduce the soil compaction; 4) harvest in several rows (today the harvest is done in the most two rows) to reduce costs of the operation. This work is a result of the research in patent documents to know and to prospect the current state of technological systems for collection, focusing mainly the system of mechanized harvesting of sugar cane and especially the sub-cutting system, building technological indicators to contribute with the advancement of the set of solutions for the accomplishment of the agricultural harvest of the cane. The methodology used in this work was the bibliography in patent documents, in the database Derwent Innovations Index. It was developed using a search expression CIP and the keywords to limit the universe of research in which 587 patent records deemed as relevant were recovered. After processing the data in Infotrans, they were treated with the VantagePoint software which crossed the data and created thesaurus, allowing some inferences. The results identified some scenarios that show the boundaries of the technology in harvesting the sugar cane. It was also possible to identify the countries and the companies that place more patents, and to identify which countries have been trying to use the technology for the mechanization of the harvest. An example is China with a significant participation since 2005 in number of applications for patents. Therefore, it was possible to draw some scenarios that are best explained in Chapter 4: relating to the results achieved.
Estudo do comportamento reocinético, propriedades de temperatura de transição vitrea e viscosidade de sistemas de resinas epoxi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-20)
Nascimento, Richard Rangel do
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
In this work, we have developed a study of the impact of two variables (Water and Monohydroyized Epoxy Resin) to Epoxy resin raw material in the behavior of the reactivity and viscosity of a " Epoxy System (Parts A - Resin Modified + Component B - Curing Agent) used in the manufacturing of blades Reinforced Plastic (FRP) for wind power generators. Over 90% of Global manufacturers of blades utilize the infusion process, which requires the speed of evolution of viscosity depending on the reactivity of the epoxy system meets specific conditions and limitations of the infusion process in their plants. Knowing that those two variables have a direct impact on the property of viscosity, we have evaluated separately the correlation of the variables with the epoxy resin and the component "A" of epoxy system. The objective of this project was to obtain the ability to predict and then set the best parameters for those variables that did not cause any disturbance rheokinetic when using Epoxy System.
Mudanças organizacionais e diferenciação social: os trabalhadores da indústria do alumínio primário paraense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-20)
Barbosa, Attila Magno e Silva
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/343924820045
This study intends to examine to what extent the organizational changes in industry of primary aluminum, in the city of Barcarena, Pará, lead to worker s adhesion and results differentiation in the social identities of direct and outsourced workers. Outsourced workers have a different status in the workplace, which excludes them from the benefits offered by the companies. As a result, society has to deal not only with the fragility of the wage relationship, but also with the collapse of the principles that regulate sociability among workers. The thesis is that the company organizational changes produce the adhesion of direct workers to the organizational ideas cause give them a feeling of colective belonging, even when we take into consideration the reduction of the workers that productive by lean production processes. Fifteen interviews were conducted with each group of workers; two union leaders were also interviewed. Furthermore, were examined the collective agreement between the direct workers and the company, and that company s yearly reports, since 2003.
Caracterização e secagem de sementes de painço (Setaria italica L.)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-20)
Pereira, Abigail Vasconcelos
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Ferreira, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005995332897575
In this work were determined the main physicochemical properties of seeds of millet (Setaria italica) and their dependence on the moisture content. The drying of seeds under different conditions was also evaluated in order to investigate the parameters that affect the process and determine appropriate drying conditions to have a product with adequate conditions for storage. For moisture content ranging between 13 and 30% (bs) were obtained the linear dimensions (length, width and thickness), perimeter, area, volume, sphericity. Additionally were obtained the real and apparent specific masses and the seeds porosity. It was observed that the dimensions, sphericity and bulk density did not change significantly in the range of moisture investigated. The volume and specific mass increased linearly, both around 7%. The effective thermal conductivity of the packed-bed of seeds was measured using the technique of transient regime heating probe. For the packed-bed of seeds with average porosity of 35% was obtained an effective thermal conductivity of 0.085 ± 0.003 W/moC. From measurements of the effective thermal conductivity for beds of powdered seeds with different porosities was obtained the conductivity of the solid phase, equals to 0.152 W/moC. Drying experiments were carried out on a thin layer of seeds (thickness of 1.0 cm) for air drying temperatures of 35, 40 and 45 ° C and air velocities of 0.5 and 1.5 m/s. The desired moisture reduction was obtained in approximately 400 minutes, and it was verified that the variation of temperature and air velocity did not affect the process in the conditions evaluated. The kinetic model that best fitted experimental data is given by empirical equation of Page, with coefficients k = 0.047 and n = 0.74. The drying experiments were performed in fixed packed-beds using a 35.6 cm high and 5.8 cm diameter column. The permeability of the packed-bed of seeds, determined by measurements of pressure drop as a function of air velocity, was equal to 7.9 x10-10 m2. The experimental setup allowed the measurements of moisture and temperature profiles along the bed height for air temperatures of 35 and 45 oC. The results indicate that moisture and temperature varied along the length and time. The moisture varied linearly for the conditions investigated, while the temperature variation was not linear and decreased sharply in the positions more distant from the base of the bed. A characteristic behavior of thin-layer bed, with uniform temperature, was observed only for bed heights less than 4 cm. The same column of fixed bed tests was used in the drying experiments performed in the fluidized mode, with a static bed height equals to 13 cm. The drying air velocity was 0.41 m/s and the temperatures were 35, 40 and 45 oC. In this case the drying showed characteristics similar to those observed for the thin layer drying: drying time around 400 minutes and no influence of the increase in the temperature. The drying rate can be estimated by the Page, with k = 0.0268 and n = 0.816. Fluidized bed drying is in a first analysis preferable than fixed bed drying because the intense mixture prevents the formation of temperature and moisture gradients. The results of this work may be useful for modeling the drying process and design of dryers to be developed for millet or similar seeds.
Interfaces físicas entre os sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários (SPHS), estruturais e vedações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-20)
Boni, Adriana Cristina
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Amorim, Simar Vieira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264867164852836
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4719108292571105
The identification and resolution of interfaces is a requirement that must be met for additional methods for evaluating design for Hydraulic and Sanitary Building Services (plumbing systems). The reason is that these building systems, in general, may have a higher incidence of problems of compatibility with others, because they all relate to. In this context, this work aims to identify the main physical interfaces among the plumbing systems, masonry and structures systems, which occur in the pavement type of residential multistory buildings. The building system of fuel gas is also discussed, because it works in conjunction with cold water system in these buildings. Physical interfaces are considered: between plumbing systems and non-loadbearing walls or structural masonry; and between the plumbing systems and masonry structures and reinforced concrete cast on site. For this literature review was performed and case studies in the cities of Ribeirão Preto, São Carlos and São Paulo, comprising six companies and two buildings (units of analysis). Of the companies surveyed, two are construction and incorporation companies (the contractors). Four companies are design offices (contracted), two specialized in plumbing systems, one in masonry structure, and one architectural design offices specializing in non-loadbearing walls. The literature review is related to the main recommendations of the Brazilian technical standards and with the necessary information for the design phases, referring to the interfaces of the systems mentioned. The case studies resulted in findings that identified the compliance and nonconformities resulting from physical interaction among the various designs necessary for the production of buildings. Through these case studies, it was still possible to develop a matrix for the interfaces found on the pavement type, and relating them to main stages of the design. The results of this study can allow feedback from the design stage, thus contributing to the same quality as the product.
Quick response manufacturing (QRM) uma alternativa para redução do lead time na área produtiva de uma empresa de materiais de escrita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-20)
Saes, Elizangela Veloso
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1253878898506051
The approach Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM) has been proposed in the late ninety, and since then, has been successfully deployed in many companies, achieving promising results in reduction of lead time in environments with high product variety. This approach, although already established abroad, mainly in the United States, is poorly known in Brazil as not to have official records of its practice, thus providing a vast new area of research. From this context that this dissertation aims to explore and understand the general ways to reduce lead time based on QRM and propose a practical application of this approach. For this objective to be achieved, we sought, first, the comprehensive review of the literature concerning the reduction of lead time, describing the tools and principles to reduce lead time in the QRM approach and then propose to implement some of the principles and tools of QRM in the production area in a business of writing. This proposed implementation of QRM is analyzed and validated by simulations that visualize the interactions of variables from the factory floor and the effects of these variables in the percentage of use of sectors in the intermediate level of inventory (WIP) and lead time. It is hoped that the practical implementation of the proposals to reach a 55% reduction from the current level of WIP company and up to 77% in the average lead time of its products. Thus, this research contributes to the theory and practice in management of manufacturing systems, showing the importance of reducing lead time and the effects and benefits of implementing QRM in a Brazilian company.
A escolha do ensino técnico: o que revelam as trajetórias de seis ex-alunos concluintes do curso de eletrônica (1984 - 1995) sobre a Escola Técnica Estadual Paulino Botelho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-23)
Culhari, Patrícia Polizel
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Nosella, Paolo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9733302457254642
This research aimed studying and analyzing the paths of six alumni of the electronic technical course, from the actual Escola Técnica Estadual Paulino Botelho (Technical State School Paulino Botelho), former Escola Profissional de São Carlos (Professional School of São Carlos). The main goal was revealing the ways the future technical professionals entered the school and also the reasons which have led choosing a technical course, revealing thus the social, economic, and cultural constraints that conducted to this level of education. There were recalled important Historical and sociological aspects of Professional Teaching in Brazil and in the City of São Carlos in order to understand the relationship between the researched school and the society that has produced it, as well as, bibliographical studies which reflect and analyze education, labor and educational institutions. The motivations and frustrations found during the achieving of this study are also registered. The resources used were interviews granted by the six alumni, where they have reported their personal family, educational and professional trajectories. Therefore we believe such personal professional choice isn t bound at random and that economic and sociocultural conditions are guidelines so youngsters enter in the Brazilian technical teaching. The Escola Técnica Estadual Paulino Botelho fulfills its role by enabling youngsters entering the work market.
PW-PlanTe: uma estratégia para melhoria de processo baseada em atividades de planejamento e teste
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-23)
Sande, Deysiane Matos
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6556595210352484
Background: The process quality model implantation on small enterprises requires an adjustment for this type of enterprise and the difficulty to reach this objective is harder due to the restrict amount of different type of resources. To support the process improvement in this context, concerning the software planning activity, the strategy PCU|PSP was defined. It is based on Use Case Points and Personal Software Process. Aim: The objective of this monograph is to present the PWPlanTe strategy, which is an evolution of the PCU|PSP strategy. PW-PlanTe generalizes the techniques used in the planning, applies well defined iterations aiming to be in conformance with the agile paradigm development, and defines a testing process. In addition, PW-PlanTe is supported by a set of free tools that facilitate its implantation. Methodology: Considering that PCU|PSP is naturally adherent to the agile methods, it was studied and generalized in relation to the planning issues aiming to make it even closer to the Scrum framework. After that, the testing process for small enterprises was defined and the free tools were identified aiming to establish a support for the strategy steps application. Results: PW-PlanTe was applied in three systems that were under development by the small enterprises which participated of this research. In two of the four systems where the planning activity support was explored, the results showed that the strategy facilitates the determination of the work to be done in each iteration. In three of the four systems where the testing activity support was explored, various defects were found by the application of the strategy and were not found without its application. Conclusion: Based on these results, evidences can be identified on the contribution of the strategy for the implantation of the software development process improvement in small enterprises, both for the planning activity as well as for the testing activity. Additional studies should be done aiming to make these results more evident.
Análise da configuração de SAMU utilizando modelo hipercubo com prioridade na fila e múltiplas alternativas de localização de ambulâncias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-23)
Souza, Regiane Máximo de
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5444393509883072
In some emergency medical systems the service demand is high due to the treatment of patients in the range severe to mild, which increases the utilization level of the servers. In these systems, may be queues formation and so the need to explicitly consider priority in care is extremely important. In this study we extend the hypercube model to deal with this situation never explored in the literature. Besides that, the geographical and temporal demand of SAMU can change throughout the day due to their random nature. The goals of this study are: (a) to extend the model in order to consider hypercube priority queue, which as far as we know has never been done in the literature and (b) to propose an approach for multiple configurations of ambulances´ localization, exploring important variations in demand and service throughout the day. In this work, in order to verify the feasibility and applicability of this approach, we conducted a case study at Ribeirão Preto´s SAMU (SAMU-RP) that, apart from urgent care and emergency operates removing patients (transporting patients between hospitals, from hospital to home and vice versa). Besides the original configuration of SAMU-RP, we analyzed five alternatives scenarios to examine three important issues: the impact of the removals, the impact of increased demand at the busiest periods and the possibility of multiple configurations for the localization of ambulances in the three analyzed periods in important performance measures of the system, like: workloads, travel times, response times for users, etc. The results show that the hypercube model with priority in the queue can be used to analyze systems like SAMU-RP and it allows sufficiently rapid and accurate evaluation of the performance, of the system in several scenarios.
Avaliação do desempenho de uma unidade em escala real para tratamento de água pluvial empregando a filtração rápida por meio de filtro de pressão e amido natural de milho como coagulante primário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-23)
Murakami, Marcela Ferreira
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Moruzzi, Rodrigo Braga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408665052901005
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9070418671435571
This study aimed to investigate the performance of an experimental rainwater treatment system for non-potable uses without the first-flush discharge, thus intending to control the quality of captured rainwater and to minimize the rainwater by-pass caused by the first-flush strategy. A full-scale direct filtration unit was operated and a solution of natural corn starch was used as the primary coagulant. The color, turbidity e coliform efficiencies of the unit was analyzed based on filtration loads and the net water production was estimated. The results indicated that the system was able to reduce the discharge of the first rain batch, although it was not fully adequate in terms of removal efficiency, suggesting that more studies are needed. The reduction of volume was equivalent to 1.7 mm in absolute terms (or 85%). The apparent color and turbidity removal was around 30 and 54% average, respectively. Additionally, the rainwater production cost for harvesting was R$ 0,99/m3 (or 90%) cheaper than the drinking water public source.
Propostas para a gestão da qualidade e da segurança do alimento da unidade processadora de carne de Jacaré da COOCRIJAPAN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-23)
Piran, Camyla
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1590259906754325
The raising of alligator in captivity began in Brazil as an option to protect the species and the land properties against invasions of alligator hunters. This activity was legalized by the decree 126/1990 of Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA). Increasingly, actions which are linked to the breeding of this animal in captivity are accomplished in the state of Mato Grosso by institutions like Sistema Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE), Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente (FEMA) e IBAMA. These actions have as an aim to develop the productive chain of Jacaré do Pantanal, that have as the main product the skin of the animal and as sub-products, the meat, craft and animal food. The sub-product meat received detachment in this productive chain in 2008, due to the processing unit which belongs to the Cooperativa de Criadores de Jacaré do Pantanal (COOCRIJAPAN) that obtained the registration of the Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF), allowing the trading of alligator meat in national territory and abroad. To meet the quality requests and the security of the food, in general and at this unit, actions and procedures are necessary of the Quality Management. The objective of this study is to present a set of propositions for the Quality Management for the Processing Unit of COOCRIJAPAN, that meets the requests of the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), of NBR ISO 22000:2006 and of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), which are considered specific methods for the Quality Management of Food Industries. With this objective, data were collected at COOCRIJAPAN, through interviews with the members of the unit and observations were made at the local to know the practices of the quality management of the Cooperative during the month of July of 2009. From the bibliographic revision and the field study, proposals was made for the Quality Management and Food Security for the Cooperative as well as a definition of a implementation plan for it.
Procedimentos de cálculo, verificação e detalhamento de armaduras longitudinais na seção transversal em elementos protendidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-24)
Faleiros Junior, José Herbet
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Carvalho, Roberto Chust
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
The following paper presents methods of calculation, verification and detailing of prestressed longitudinal reinforcement in cross sections of elements subjected to bending conceptualizing prestressing systems and its constituent elements, as well as the development of practical examples, calculated and detailed in a didactic manner, seeking an easy understanding and learning. The present study chooses to calculate the longitudinal reinforcement at the ultimate limit state and check it out at the serviceability limit state, always following the current standards. To organize the concepts and cohesion of the information, it is necessary to discuss theoretical and conceptual foundation by assembling several authors who derive about the subject matter. In order to ensure the adoption of normative recommendations (NBR6118:2007 e NBR9062:2005), issues such as durability, cover, classes of environmental aggressiveness, combinations of calculating and limiting values of prestress are discussed. As an example, it is presented a calculation discussion from a structure tailored to different classes of environmental aggressiveness, maintaining its main features, such as: the vain, the cross section and loads. With this work we realize that the calculations are needed, since there is not a situation which determines the scaling of the longitudinal reinforcement. Lastly, we present suggestions for future papers. In order to maintain the geometric features needed to the placement of the active armor on the top edge and on the replacement of the active armor by the passive one at any percentage can only be accomplished in partial prestress. The concurrent examinations may prevent the use of certain sections, for example, when examinations on empty are exclusive, or when the moment value relative to the weight itself is small in relation to the total moment.
Comportamento de compra do consumidor no varejo supermercadista: o caso de Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-24)
Vargas, Allyson Rodrigues
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Batalha, Mario Otávio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2027799192913632
Nowadays, studies of consumer behavior are of great relevance. Understanding the factors that lead consumers to choose a particular product or brand over others makes marketers continually seek answers to the needs of these consumers. This work aims to study the buying behavior of consumers in the food retail market of Mato Grosso, as a way of subsidizing business strategies for the sector. It was attempted through the Sheth; Newman; Gross model to identify the variables that influence the purchase decision of consumers. The methodology was grounded on two pillars, bibliographic studies and survey. The sampling was based on the probabilistic technique stratified by population and profile of the buyer of food. There were applied 385 valid questionnaires and the data handling was performed using the statistical package SPAD. The multivariate analysis using clustering identified six distinct groups of consumers: clear, economical, convenient, hedonic, new buyers and demanding. The identification of these groups allows supermarkets to develop and implement different strategies according to the characteristics of their chosen target audience.
Proposta de solução de problemas de scheduling considerando possibilidade de terceirização usando a técnica de otimização por colônia de formigas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Tavares Neto, Roberto Fernandes
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6954662222457389
Althought the scheduling-related literature has a high level of diversity, just a small group have been considering the possibility of outsource a set of tasks. During a literature review, only two papers related to this theme were found, both dealing on scheduling projects with outsource possibilities on single-machine environments. Along with this scenario, it was possible to stablish the ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) algorithm as a promissing tecnique to solve combinatorial problems, including scheduling problems. This thesis approaches two scheduling problems with outsourcing allowed: (i) a scheduling problem in single machine manufacturing environment and (ii) a scheduling problem in a flowshop environment. For each problem, a new ACO algorithm is proposed and implemented. To verify the quality of the results, are also proposed and implemented: (i) a mathemetical programming model for the single machine environment problem; (ii) a branch and bound algorithm for the single machine environment problem and (iii) a a mathemetical programming model for the flowshop environment problem. The results shown that both ACO algorithms generate close-to-optimal results in a shorter computational time. In the case of the single machine environment problem, the presented results are best than the results related on the literature.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos para análise inorgânica de biodiesel usando técnicas espectroanalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Amais, Renata Stábile
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7317673960456628
In this work, analytical procedures are proposed for the determination of major and trace elements in biodiesel samples employing flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Biodiesel samples used in this work were produced from different oleaginous sources (African palm, castor beans, palm, soybeans and an unknown oleaginous). Samples were prepared as microemulsion composed of biodiesel, Triton X-100, HNO3 20 % (v v-1) and n-propanol in the following proportion, 10:5:5:80 (v v-1), respectively. Calcium, Mg and Zn determinations were carried out by F AAS and two nebulization strategies were evaluated, conventional continuous nebulization (CN) and discrete aspiration (DA). Relative standard deviations (RSD) using DA were lower than 4.0, 2.2 and 5.7 % (n = 10) for Ca, Mg, and Zn, respectively. Matrix effects were evaluated by standard additions methods and external calibration using mineral oil to simulate the matrix of biodiesel and inorganic standards. The accuracy of the procedure was checked using addition and recovery experiments for different biodiesel samples and recoveries ranged from 90.8 to 115 %. Moreover, sensitivities reached by using DA for Ca, Mg and Zn were 2.5, 6.1, and 7.0-fold higher, respectively, than those obtained when employing CN. The introduction of microemulsions in ICP OES for Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, and S determinations and the use of oxygen in the composition of auxiliary gas of the plasma to avoid and/or correct matrix effects caused by the high carbon load due to the introduction of biodiesel microemulsions were evaluated. The oxygen gas and nebulization gas flow rates were optimized by measuring intensity signals and signalto- background ratio (SBR) and were fixed at 0.16 and 0.70 L min-1, respectively. Figures of merit were investigated and a good linear correlation was observed (r > 0.99) for different emission lines monitored. The accuracy was evaluated by addition and recovery experiments using different biodiesel samples by monitoring different emission lines and recoveries ranged from 103.3 to 117.5, 93.5 to 113.5, 76.3 to 92.5 and 93.3 to 116.1 % for Ca, Mg, P and S, respectively. The determinations of Na and K were not accurate probably due to the high carbon load content of microemulsions and the high background-signals in the vicinities of their emission lines. xiii Finally, the determination of trace elements in biodiesel samples (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, and Zn) employing ICP-MS and microemulsions was evaluated. Analogously to the developed procedure using ICP OES, the addition of oxygen gas to the composition of auxiliary gas of the plasma was evaluated and proper performance was attained at 37.5 mL min-1, 4.4-fold lower than the flow rate optimized for ICP OES measurements. Limits of detection employing oxygen gas in the composition of the plasma were higher than without using it, as well as the sensitivities (slopes of analytical calibration curves) were lower when oxygen gas was added to the plasma, probably due to the highest formation of oxides. However, despite oxides formation best accuracies were reached when employing oxygen gas.
Estratégias familiares e sustentabilidade econômica em assentamento rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Gaspari, Luciane Cristina de
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Beskow, Paulo Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4857503984068571
The economic sustainability of family farms is a major factor in promoting sustainable development in areas of rural settlements. Thus, this study sought to identify systemic approach through what are the strategies of the families who work together for the perpetuation of the familiar form of land use in order to encourage them through public policies. As economic indicators we used the value-added and value added per worker, considering the relevant aspects of establishments such as family characteristics, socioeconomic, cultural and quality of life, work organization and production, productive infrastructure, level dependence, reproductive strategies and future expectations, and the commercialization of products. Among the strategies studied the agricultural income of family farms that sell to the agricultural industry has the best performance, however the dependency and risk are high, which can lead to economic sustainability. Already in establishments that do not trade with agro farm income is lower, but is more likely to persist over time. Among these establishments, farm products that drains directly is more advantageous from the perspective of agricultural income and consumption. This reaffirms the idea that the creation of sites for the direct marketing cooperation for sustainable development in the field with decent living conditions.
Recepção das imagens da periferia no cinema brasileiro contemporâneo por alunos de uma escola pública na periferia da cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Costa, Paulo Roberto da
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Pellegrini, Tânia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280434883580627
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3368537857766619
Estudo quimiossistemático de espécies de Hortia (Rutaceae) e busca de fungicidas à Guignardia citricarpa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-26)
Freitas, Samya Danielle Lima de
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7961603023838547
The classification of the Hortia genus, belonging to the Rutaceae, is ambiguous. Hortia, which has been placed in Cusparieae by De Candolle in 1824, in the most recent morphological classification of Engler in 1931 it belongs to Toddalieae. More recently, Silva and colleagues classified again Hortia in Cusparieae. However, the phytochemical study of the species from Hortia genus still not allow classify correctly it inside the family. Thus, the phytochemical study of Hortia described in this paper aims to contribute with the chemosystematics of the Rutaceae and with the best classification of the genus inside the family. The study of the species H. oreadica, H. brasiliana and H. superba led to the isolation and identification of 11 substances, the alkaloids N-methyl-4- methoxy-quinolin-2-one (01), integriquinolone (02), new in the genus Hortia, rutaecarpine (03), the coumarins scoparone (04) xanthotoxin (05), which were first described in the species H. superba, isopimpinellin (06), new in the genus Hortia, 5- chloro-8-methoxy-furanocoumarin (07), new in the literature, prangol (08) and heraclenol (09), and the flavonoids isosakuranetin (10) and neoponcirin (11), the latter being new in the genus Hortia. The presence of metabolites such as alkaloids, coumarins and flavonoids confirm that Hortia belongs to the Rutaceae family, even so are not clear its accurate positioning. Some of the isolated compounds were tested against the inhibition of Guignardia citricarpa following two methods of inhibition assays. One based on inhibition of G. citricarpa in vitro against growth mycelial, by the method of incorporation into the culture medium. The other based on the inhibition test to G. citricarpa in vitro on spore germination and appressorium formation by the method of germination of spores on plates of polystyrene. The first methodology only evaluated the inhibition of the formation of mycelia and it is not directly involved in the infection process of plants, already the second one evaluated the inhibition of reproductive structures of microorganisms (spores), responsible for the infection process. The average growth mycelial for all substances tested revealed the alkaloid N-methyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolin-2-one (100 μg.mL-1) as the most effective among all the substances tested. As the inhibition front of spore germination and appressorium formation, the results were quite satisfactory, the coumarin scoparone (100 μg.mL-1) showed 96% of inhibition spore germination and 99% for the formation of appressorium, the alkaloid N-methyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolin-2-one (100 μg.mL-1) with 83% and 91%, and the flavonoid isosakuranetin (100 μg.mL-1) with 71,4% and 80%, respectively. Therefore, from this study it was found that some natural products with antifungal activity revealed important sources in the discovery of new products free of toxicity and effective as a fungicide.
Efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade e do Biosilicato® no reparo ósseo de ratas osteopênicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-26)
Bossini, Paulo Sérgio
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1256982144741336
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with consequent increase of the risk of fractures. Frequently, the lower mineral density due to osteoporosis leads to a delay in fracture healing rates and bone repair quality. Within this context, biochemical and biophysical resources have been studied in an attempt to enhance bone consolidation. Two of the most promising treatments are the use of low level laser therapy (LLLT) and bioactive materials. Several studies suggest that both resources are able to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and osteogenesis at the fracture site, promoting a greater deposition of bone mass. Thus, two studies were performed with the aim of evaluating the effects of LLLT (Ga-Al-As, 830nm, 100mW), with the fluences of 60J/cm² and 120J/cm² and a bioactive ceramic (Biosilicate®), used alone or associated on consolidation of bone defects induced in the tibiae of osteopenic rats. A total of 60 female Wistar rats (12 weeks-old, ± 250g) were submitted to ovariectomy (OVX) and, sixty days after the induction, a bone defect was performed in both tibiae of all animals. The animals were randomly divided into six groups (n=10). In the first study, the effects of LLLT on the bone repair of osteopenic rats were evaluated in three groups: group bone defect control without any treatment (GC); group bone defect irradiated with LLLT, at 60J/cm² (GL60); and group bone defect irradiated with LLLT, at 120J/cm² (GL120). The animals were submitted to laser irradiation at a single point on the bone defect for seven sessions, on alternated days. In the laser treated groups, at both fluences, it was possible to observe a greater amount of new bone formation compared to the control. Birefringence analysis demonstrated that irradiated bone defects presented greater deposition and improved the structural organization of collagen fibers, mainly in the group treated with the laser, at 120J/cm². COX-2, CBFA-1 and VEGF immunoreactivity was detected in a similar manner either 60J/cm2 or 120J/cm2 fluences. However, no differences were observed in the biomechanical analysis. Therefore, the LLLT, at the two fluences used, improved the bone repair in the tibia of osteopenic rats. In the second study, the effects of Biosilicate® associated with LLLT on bone repair in osteopenic rats were analyzed in four groups: group bone defect control without any treatment (GC); group bone defect filled with Biosilicate® (GB); group bone defect filled with Biosilicate®, irradiated with LLLT, at 60J/cm2 (GBL60); and group bone defect filled with Biosilicate®, irradiated with LLLT, at 120J/cm2 (GBL120). Biosilicate® was used in the form of particles with granulometry of 180-212μm and the treated animals were irradiated with laser at a single point on the bone defect for seven sessions, on alternated days. The results demonstrated that the LLLT, with fluences of 60J/cm² and 120J/cm² stimulated the expression of COX-2 in the circumjacent cells of the biomaterial, increased of the collagen deposition and the biomechanical bone properties. Morphometric analysis revealed that the animals with bone defects filled with Biosilicate® and irradiated with laser, at 120J/cm² showed a higher amount of newly formed bone compared to the other groups. Thus, the LLLT, mainly in fluency 120J/cm² in contact with Biosilicate® improved the bone repair process in osteopenic rats. These findings are fundamental in elucidating the biological mechanisms involved in the repair of fractures with difficult consolidation, especially those associated with bone metabolic disease processes, such as osteoporosis.