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A escolha do ensino técnico: o que revelam as trajetórias de seis ex-alunos concluintes do curso de eletrônica (1984 - 1995) sobre a Escola Técnica Estadual Paulino Botelho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-23)
Culhari, Patrícia Polizel
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Nosella, Paolo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9733302457254642
This research aimed studying and analyzing the paths of six alumni of the electronic technical course, from the actual Escola Técnica Estadual Paulino Botelho (Technical State School Paulino Botelho), former Escola Profissional de São Carlos (Professional School of São Carlos). The main goal was revealing the ways the future technical professionals entered the school and also the reasons which have led choosing a technical course, revealing thus the social, economic, and cultural constraints that conducted to this level of education. There were recalled important Historical and sociological aspects of Professional Teaching in Brazil and in the City of São Carlos in order to understand the relationship between the researched school and the society that has produced it, as well as, bibliographical studies which reflect and analyze education, labor and educational institutions. The motivations and frustrations found during the achieving of this study are also registered. The resources used were interviews granted by the six alumni, where they have reported their personal family, educational and professional trajectories. Therefore we believe such personal professional choice isn t bound at random and that economic and sociocultural conditions are guidelines so youngsters enter in the Brazilian technical teaching. The Escola Técnica Estadual Paulino Botelho fulfills its role by enabling youngsters entering the work market.
PW-PlanTe: uma estratégia para melhoria de processo baseada em atividades de planejamento e teste
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-23)
Sande, Deysiane Matos
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6556595210352484
Background: The process quality model implantation on small enterprises requires an adjustment for this type of enterprise and the difficulty to reach this objective is harder due to the restrict amount of different type of resources. To support the process improvement in this context, concerning the software planning activity, the strategy PCU|PSP was defined. It is based on Use Case Points and Personal Software Process. Aim: The objective of this monograph is to present the PWPlanTe strategy, which is an evolution of the PCU|PSP strategy. PW-PlanTe generalizes the techniques used in the planning, applies well defined iterations aiming to be in conformance with the agile paradigm development, and defines a testing process. In addition, PW-PlanTe is supported by a set of free tools that facilitate its implantation. Methodology: Considering that PCU|PSP is naturally adherent to the agile methods, it was studied and generalized in relation to the planning issues aiming to make it even closer to the Scrum framework. After that, the testing process for small enterprises was defined and the free tools were identified aiming to establish a support for the strategy steps application. Results: PW-PlanTe was applied in three systems that were under development by the small enterprises which participated of this research. In two of the four systems where the planning activity support was explored, the results showed that the strategy facilitates the determination of the work to be done in each iteration. In three of the four systems where the testing activity support was explored, various defects were found by the application of the strategy and were not found without its application. Conclusion: Based on these results, evidences can be identified on the contribution of the strategy for the implantation of the software development process improvement in small enterprises, both for the planning activity as well as for the testing activity. Additional studies should be done aiming to make these results more evident.
Análise da configuração de SAMU utilizando modelo hipercubo com prioridade na fila e múltiplas alternativas de localização de ambulâncias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-23)
Souza, Regiane Máximo de
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5444393509883072
In some emergency medical systems the service demand is high due to the treatment of patients in the range severe to mild, which increases the utilization level of the servers. In these systems, may be queues formation and so the need to explicitly consider priority in care is extremely important. In this study we extend the hypercube model to deal with this situation never explored in the literature. Besides that, the geographical and temporal demand of SAMU can change throughout the day due to their random nature. The goals of this study are: (a) to extend the model in order to consider hypercube priority queue, which as far as we know has never been done in the literature and (b) to propose an approach for multiple configurations of ambulances´ localization, exploring important variations in demand and service throughout the day. In this work, in order to verify the feasibility and applicability of this approach, we conducted a case study at Ribeirão Preto´s SAMU (SAMU-RP) that, apart from urgent care and emergency operates removing patients (transporting patients between hospitals, from hospital to home and vice versa). Besides the original configuration of SAMU-RP, we analyzed five alternatives scenarios to examine three important issues: the impact of the removals, the impact of increased demand at the busiest periods and the possibility of multiple configurations for the localization of ambulances in the three analyzed periods in important performance measures of the system, like: workloads, travel times, response times for users, etc. The results show that the hypercube model with priority in the queue can be used to analyze systems like SAMU-RP and it allows sufficiently rapid and accurate evaluation of the performance, of the system in several scenarios.
Avaliação do desempenho de uma unidade em escala real para tratamento de água pluvial empregando a filtração rápida por meio de filtro de pressão e amido natural de milho como coagulante primário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-23)
Murakami, Marcela Ferreira
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Moruzzi, Rodrigo Braga
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408665052901005
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9070418671435571
This study aimed to investigate the performance of an experimental rainwater treatment system for non-potable uses without the first-flush discharge, thus intending to control the quality of captured rainwater and to minimize the rainwater by-pass caused by the first-flush strategy. A full-scale direct filtration unit was operated and a solution of natural corn starch was used as the primary coagulant. The color, turbidity e coliform efficiencies of the unit was analyzed based on filtration loads and the net water production was estimated. The results indicated that the system was able to reduce the discharge of the first rain batch, although it was not fully adequate in terms of removal efficiency, suggesting that more studies are needed. The reduction of volume was equivalent to 1.7 mm in absolute terms (or 85%). The apparent color and turbidity removal was around 30 and 54% average, respectively. Additionally, the rainwater production cost for harvesting was R$ 0,99/m3 (or 90%) cheaper than the drinking water public source.
Propostas para a gestão da qualidade e da segurança do alimento da unidade processadora de carne de Jacaré da COOCRIJAPAN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-23)
Piran, Camyla
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1590259906754325
The raising of alligator in captivity began in Brazil as an option to protect the species and the land properties against invasions of alligator hunters. This activity was legalized by the decree 126/1990 of Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA). Increasingly, actions which are linked to the breeding of this animal in captivity are accomplished in the state of Mato Grosso by institutions like Sistema Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE), Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente (FEMA) e IBAMA. These actions have as an aim to develop the productive chain of Jacaré do Pantanal, that have as the main product the skin of the animal and as sub-products, the meat, craft and animal food. The sub-product meat received detachment in this productive chain in 2008, due to the processing unit which belongs to the Cooperativa de Criadores de Jacaré do Pantanal (COOCRIJAPAN) that obtained the registration of the Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF), allowing the trading of alligator meat in national territory and abroad. To meet the quality requests and the security of the food, in general and at this unit, actions and procedures are necessary of the Quality Management. The objective of this study is to present a set of propositions for the Quality Management for the Processing Unit of COOCRIJAPAN, that meets the requests of the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), of NBR ISO 22000:2006 and of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), which are considered specific methods for the Quality Management of Food Industries. With this objective, data were collected at COOCRIJAPAN, through interviews with the members of the unit and observations were made at the local to know the practices of the quality management of the Cooperative during the month of July of 2009. From the bibliographic revision and the field study, proposals was made for the Quality Management and Food Security for the Cooperative as well as a definition of a implementation plan for it.
Procedimentos de cálculo, verificação e detalhamento de armaduras longitudinais na seção transversal em elementos protendidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-24)
Faleiros Junior, José Herbet
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Carvalho, Roberto Chust
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
The following paper presents methods of calculation, verification and detailing of prestressed longitudinal reinforcement in cross sections of elements subjected to bending conceptualizing prestressing systems and its constituent elements, as well as the development of practical examples, calculated and detailed in a didactic manner, seeking an easy understanding and learning. The present study chooses to calculate the longitudinal reinforcement at the ultimate limit state and check it out at the serviceability limit state, always following the current standards. To organize the concepts and cohesion of the information, it is necessary to discuss theoretical and conceptual foundation by assembling several authors who derive about the subject matter. In order to ensure the adoption of normative recommendations (NBR6118:2007 e NBR9062:2005), issues such as durability, cover, classes of environmental aggressiveness, combinations of calculating and limiting values of prestress are discussed. As an example, it is presented a calculation discussion from a structure tailored to different classes of environmental aggressiveness, maintaining its main features, such as: the vain, the cross section and loads. With this work we realize that the calculations are needed, since there is not a situation which determines the scaling of the longitudinal reinforcement. Lastly, we present suggestions for future papers. In order to maintain the geometric features needed to the placement of the active armor on the top edge and on the replacement of the active armor by the passive one at any percentage can only be accomplished in partial prestress. The concurrent examinations may prevent the use of certain sections, for example, when examinations on empty are exclusive, or when the moment value relative to the weight itself is small in relation to the total moment.
Comportamento de compra do consumidor no varejo supermercadista: o caso de Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-24)
Vargas, Allyson Rodrigues
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Batalha, Mario Otávio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2027799192913632
Nowadays, studies of consumer behavior are of great relevance. Understanding the factors that lead consumers to choose a particular product or brand over others makes marketers continually seek answers to the needs of these consumers. This work aims to study the buying behavior of consumers in the food retail market of Mato Grosso, as a way of subsidizing business strategies for the sector. It was attempted through the Sheth; Newman; Gross model to identify the variables that influence the purchase decision of consumers. The methodology was grounded on two pillars, bibliographic studies and survey. The sampling was based on the probabilistic technique stratified by population and profile of the buyer of food. There were applied 385 valid questionnaires and the data handling was performed using the statistical package SPAD. The multivariate analysis using clustering identified six distinct groups of consumers: clear, economical, convenient, hedonic, new buyers and demanding. The identification of these groups allows supermarkets to develop and implement different strategies according to the characteristics of their chosen target audience.
Proposta de solução de problemas de scheduling considerando possibilidade de terceirização usando a técnica de otimização por colônia de formigas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Tavares Neto, Roberto Fernandes
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6954662222457389
Althought the scheduling-related literature has a high level of diversity, just a small group have been considering the possibility of outsource a set of tasks. During a literature review, only two papers related to this theme were found, both dealing on scheduling projects with outsource possibilities on single-machine environments. Along with this scenario, it was possible to stablish the ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) algorithm as a promissing tecnique to solve combinatorial problems, including scheduling problems. This thesis approaches two scheduling problems with outsourcing allowed: (i) a scheduling problem in single machine manufacturing environment and (ii) a scheduling problem in a flowshop environment. For each problem, a new ACO algorithm is proposed and implemented. To verify the quality of the results, are also proposed and implemented: (i) a mathemetical programming model for the single machine environment problem; (ii) a branch and bound algorithm for the single machine environment problem and (iii) a a mathemetical programming model for the flowshop environment problem. The results shown that both ACO algorithms generate close-to-optimal results in a shorter computational time. In the case of the single machine environment problem, the presented results are best than the results related on the literature.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos para análise inorgânica de biodiesel usando técnicas espectroanalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Amais, Renata Stábile
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7317673960456628
In this work, analytical procedures are proposed for the determination of major and trace elements in biodiesel samples employing flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Biodiesel samples used in this work were produced from different oleaginous sources (African palm, castor beans, palm, soybeans and an unknown oleaginous). Samples were prepared as microemulsion composed of biodiesel, Triton X-100, HNO3 20 % (v v-1) and n-propanol in the following proportion, 10:5:5:80 (v v-1), respectively. Calcium, Mg and Zn determinations were carried out by F AAS and two nebulization strategies were evaluated, conventional continuous nebulization (CN) and discrete aspiration (DA). Relative standard deviations (RSD) using DA were lower than 4.0, 2.2 and 5.7 % (n = 10) for Ca, Mg, and Zn, respectively. Matrix effects were evaluated by standard additions methods and external calibration using mineral oil to simulate the matrix of biodiesel and inorganic standards. The accuracy of the procedure was checked using addition and recovery experiments for different biodiesel samples and recoveries ranged from 90.8 to 115 %. Moreover, sensitivities reached by using DA for Ca, Mg and Zn were 2.5, 6.1, and 7.0-fold higher, respectively, than those obtained when employing CN. The introduction of microemulsions in ICP OES for Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, and S determinations and the use of oxygen in the composition of auxiliary gas of the plasma to avoid and/or correct matrix effects caused by the high carbon load due to the introduction of biodiesel microemulsions were evaluated. The oxygen gas and nebulization gas flow rates were optimized by measuring intensity signals and signalto- background ratio (SBR) and were fixed at 0.16 and 0.70 L min-1, respectively. Figures of merit were investigated and a good linear correlation was observed (r > 0.99) for different emission lines monitored. The accuracy was evaluated by addition and recovery experiments using different biodiesel samples by monitoring different emission lines and recoveries ranged from 103.3 to 117.5, 93.5 to 113.5, 76.3 to 92.5 and 93.3 to 116.1 % for Ca, Mg, P and S, respectively. The determinations of Na and K were not accurate probably due to the high carbon load content of microemulsions and the high background-signals in the vicinities of their emission lines. xiii Finally, the determination of trace elements in biodiesel samples (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, and Zn) employing ICP-MS and microemulsions was evaluated. Analogously to the developed procedure using ICP OES, the addition of oxygen gas to the composition of auxiliary gas of the plasma was evaluated and proper performance was attained at 37.5 mL min-1, 4.4-fold lower than the flow rate optimized for ICP OES measurements. Limits of detection employing oxygen gas in the composition of the plasma were higher than without using it, as well as the sensitivities (slopes of analytical calibration curves) were lower when oxygen gas was added to the plasma, probably due to the highest formation of oxides. However, despite oxides formation best accuracies were reached when employing oxygen gas.
Estratégias familiares e sustentabilidade econômica em assentamento rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Gaspari, Luciane Cristina de
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Beskow, Paulo Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4857503984068571
The economic sustainability of family farms is a major factor in promoting sustainable development in areas of rural settlements. Thus, this study sought to identify systemic approach through what are the strategies of the families who work together for the perpetuation of the familiar form of land use in order to encourage them through public policies. As economic indicators we used the value-added and value added per worker, considering the relevant aspects of establishments such as family characteristics, socioeconomic, cultural and quality of life, work organization and production, productive infrastructure, level dependence, reproductive strategies and future expectations, and the commercialization of products. Among the strategies studied the agricultural income of family farms that sell to the agricultural industry has the best performance, however the dependency and risk are high, which can lead to economic sustainability. Already in establishments that do not trade with agro farm income is lower, but is more likely to persist over time. Among these establishments, farm products that drains directly is more advantageous from the perspective of agricultural income and consumption. This reaffirms the idea that the creation of sites for the direct marketing cooperation for sustainable development in the field with decent living conditions.
Recepção das imagens da periferia no cinema brasileiro contemporâneo por alunos de uma escola pública na periferia da cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Costa, Paulo Roberto da
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Pellegrini, Tânia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280434883580627
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3368537857766619
Estudo quimiossistemático de espécies de Hortia (Rutaceae) e busca de fungicidas à Guignardia citricarpa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-26)
Freitas, Samya Danielle Lima de
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7961603023838547
The classification of the Hortia genus, belonging to the Rutaceae, is ambiguous. Hortia, which has been placed in Cusparieae by De Candolle in 1824, in the most recent morphological classification of Engler in 1931 it belongs to Toddalieae. More recently, Silva and colleagues classified again Hortia in Cusparieae. However, the phytochemical study of the species from Hortia genus still not allow classify correctly it inside the family. Thus, the phytochemical study of Hortia described in this paper aims to contribute with the chemosystematics of the Rutaceae and with the best classification of the genus inside the family. The study of the species H. oreadica, H. brasiliana and H. superba led to the isolation and identification of 11 substances, the alkaloids N-methyl-4- methoxy-quinolin-2-one (01), integriquinolone (02), new in the genus Hortia, rutaecarpine (03), the coumarins scoparone (04) xanthotoxin (05), which were first described in the species H. superba, isopimpinellin (06), new in the genus Hortia, 5- chloro-8-methoxy-furanocoumarin (07), new in the literature, prangol (08) and heraclenol (09), and the flavonoids isosakuranetin (10) and neoponcirin (11), the latter being new in the genus Hortia. The presence of metabolites such as alkaloids, coumarins and flavonoids confirm that Hortia belongs to the Rutaceae family, even so are not clear its accurate positioning. Some of the isolated compounds were tested against the inhibition of Guignardia citricarpa following two methods of inhibition assays. One based on inhibition of G. citricarpa in vitro against growth mycelial, by the method of incorporation into the culture medium. The other based on the inhibition test to G. citricarpa in vitro on spore germination and appressorium formation by the method of germination of spores on plates of polystyrene. The first methodology only evaluated the inhibition of the formation of mycelia and it is not directly involved in the infection process of plants, already the second one evaluated the inhibition of reproductive structures of microorganisms (spores), responsible for the infection process. The average growth mycelial for all substances tested revealed the alkaloid N-methyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolin-2-one (100 μg.mL-1) as the most effective among all the substances tested. As the inhibition front of spore germination and appressorium formation, the results were quite satisfactory, the coumarin scoparone (100 μg.mL-1) showed 96% of inhibition spore germination and 99% for the formation of appressorium, the alkaloid N-methyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolin-2-one (100 μg.mL-1) with 83% and 91%, and the flavonoid isosakuranetin (100 μg.mL-1) with 71,4% and 80%, respectively. Therefore, from this study it was found that some natural products with antifungal activity revealed important sources in the discovery of new products free of toxicity and effective as a fungicide.
Efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade e do Biosilicato® no reparo ósseo de ratas osteopênicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-26)
Bossini, Paulo Sérgio
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1256982144741336
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with consequent increase of the risk of fractures. Frequently, the lower mineral density due to osteoporosis leads to a delay in fracture healing rates and bone repair quality. Within this context, biochemical and biophysical resources have been studied in an attempt to enhance bone consolidation. Two of the most promising treatments are the use of low level laser therapy (LLLT) and bioactive materials. Several studies suggest that both resources are able to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and osteogenesis at the fracture site, promoting a greater deposition of bone mass. Thus, two studies were performed with the aim of evaluating the effects of LLLT (Ga-Al-As, 830nm, 100mW), with the fluences of 60J/cm² and 120J/cm² and a bioactive ceramic (Biosilicate®), used alone or associated on consolidation of bone defects induced in the tibiae of osteopenic rats. A total of 60 female Wistar rats (12 weeks-old, ± 250g) were submitted to ovariectomy (OVX) and, sixty days after the induction, a bone defect was performed in both tibiae of all animals. The animals were randomly divided into six groups (n=10). In the first study, the effects of LLLT on the bone repair of osteopenic rats were evaluated in three groups: group bone defect control without any treatment (GC); group bone defect irradiated with LLLT, at 60J/cm² (GL60); and group bone defect irradiated with LLLT, at 120J/cm² (GL120). The animals were submitted to laser irradiation at a single point on the bone defect for seven sessions, on alternated days. In the laser treated groups, at both fluences, it was possible to observe a greater amount of new bone formation compared to the control. Birefringence analysis demonstrated that irradiated bone defects presented greater deposition and improved the structural organization of collagen fibers, mainly in the group treated with the laser, at 120J/cm². COX-2, CBFA-1 and VEGF immunoreactivity was detected in a similar manner either 60J/cm2 or 120J/cm2 fluences. However, no differences were observed in the biomechanical analysis. Therefore, the LLLT, at the two fluences used, improved the bone repair in the tibia of osteopenic rats. In the second study, the effects of Biosilicate® associated with LLLT on bone repair in osteopenic rats were analyzed in four groups: group bone defect control without any treatment (GC); group bone defect filled with Biosilicate® (GB); group bone defect filled with Biosilicate®, irradiated with LLLT, at 60J/cm2 (GBL60); and group bone defect filled with Biosilicate®, irradiated with LLLT, at 120J/cm2 (GBL120). Biosilicate® was used in the form of particles with granulometry of 180-212μm and the treated animals were irradiated with laser at a single point on the bone defect for seven sessions, on alternated days. The results demonstrated that the LLLT, with fluences of 60J/cm² and 120J/cm² stimulated the expression of COX-2 in the circumjacent cells of the biomaterial, increased of the collagen deposition and the biomechanical bone properties. Morphometric analysis revealed that the animals with bone defects filled with Biosilicate® and irradiated with laser, at 120J/cm² showed a higher amount of newly formed bone compared to the other groups. Thus, the LLLT, mainly in fluency 120J/cm² in contact with Biosilicate® improved the bone repair process in osteopenic rats. These findings are fundamental in elucidating the biological mechanisms involved in the repair of fractures with difficult consolidation, especially those associated with bone metabolic disease processes, such as osteoporosis.
Estrutura sociogenética de ninhos de Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) e estrutura genética das populações urbanas de Euglossa cordata do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-26)
Oi, Cíntia Akemi
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8735816980446029
Euglossine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are important pollinators in the Neotropical region. These bees are widely studied by collecting males in attractive baits, but there are few reports from females. In this work, we studied Euglossini bees using molecular tools, collecting bees in nests and adults in flowers at different levels, individual, nest and population. In Chapter 1, we use a non-lethal strategy for obtaining DNA from antenna conducting mark-recapture experiments. We found by a chi-square test the same chance to recapture the two groups of bees (with intact antennae vs removal antennae); this result suggests that the removal did not affect the survivor of bees. The DNA extracted from the antennas was successfully used for microsatellite analysis. In Chapter 2, we determine the sociogenetic structure of nests using microsatellite loci. Genetic analysis of Euglossa cordata, Euglossa townsendi and Eufriesea violacea nests revealed that brood is usually explained by a single mating, which corroborates the literature. In chapter 3, we used mitochondrial genes to verify the genetic structure of populations of Eg. cordata. The sequencing of mitochondrial genes cyt b and COI by direct PCR product showed high variation in several positions, showing two peaks or the mismatch between forward and reverse sequence. This result suggests the occurrence of heteroplasmy, and then, we have cloned these products. The clones showed even greater intra-individual variation, suggesting the occurrence of associated numts and heteroplasmy. Due to this variation, we could not establish the genetic structure of urban populations in Eg. cordata, although there is some evidence of interpopulation differentiation for mitochondrial haplotypes. In conclusion, this work has made contributions to a better understanding of the biology of Euglossine bees; employing molecular tools, we bring new information about familial and population genetics of this group of bees.
Desempenho e a expressão gênica do músculo esquelético humano sob treinamento físico de força e fotoestimulado por laser de baixa intensidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Ferraresi, Cleber
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9593811257950561
Estratégias de cultivo para a produção de polissacarídeo capsular por Haemophilus influenzae tipo b e determinação de parâmetros de qualidade para o produto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Silva, Mateus Ribeiro da
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7147118788756725
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a Gram negative bacterium responsible for causing meningitis worldwide. The capsular polysaccharide b, a polymer composed by repeating units of ribosyl-ribitol phosphate (PRP), is the major virulence factor and it is used in the formulation of the vaccine against this microorganism. Despite their high efficiency, the conjugated vaccine against Hib is a product of high production cost, which involves fermentation, purification and conjugation processes to obtain a final product within the specifications of the World Health Organization (WHO). The improvement of the culture medium and cultivation conditions can contribute to reduce the cost of this vaccine in order to facilitate its dissemination in developing countries. The main objective of this work was to identify culture conditions that result in higher production of capsular polysaccharide, helping to reduce costs in the steps of purification and conjugation. The experiments were carried out in shake flasks or in bioreactors with 7-13 liters of capacity. The temperature was maintained at 37 °C, pH controlled at 7.5 by adding NaOH 5M and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (CDO) maintained at 30% of air saturation. The specific flow rate of air ranged between 0.2 and 1 VVM. Samples were collected at regular time intervals to measure optical density (DO540nm), biomass concentration, capsular polysaccharide (PRP) production and concentrations of glucose and metabolites. Two possibilities for increasing polysaccharide production were studied: 1) different strategies of fed-batch cultivation consisting of: a) intermittent addition of glucose (FBIG), b) constant feeding (FBCF), c) exponential feeding (FBEF), e d) exponential feeding with cell recycle and perfusion (FBER + P); 2) improvement of culture media composition regarding the carbon/nitrogen ratio through the use of central composite rotational design (CCRD) methodology, having as independent variables: Soy Peptone (S), Yeast Extract (YE) and Glucose (G). Quality parameters were also evaluated to assess the molecular weight profile of the product (PRP) as well as morphological aspects of the microorganism. Economic analysis of different cultivation strategies was used to identify the more economically viable process. The results of the different cultivation strategies together with the outputs of the studied processes cost analysis showed that FBCF, with a cost of U.S.$ 425.50/g PRP and productivity of 88 mg/L.h, showed to be the best alternative among PRP production processes due to its lower cost with a good productivity. In the study of the culture media composition through the statistical analysis of the CCRD results showed that the best culture media composition (BCM) consisted of S 5 g/L; YE 5.5g /L and G of 15.25 g/L. DO540nm and PRP volumetric production values of 8.4 and 410 mg/L, respectively, were attained in validation experiments carried out in shake flasks at the BCM condition. For the bioreactor BCM validation experiment, biomass concentration of 3 g DW/L and polysaccharide production of 600 mg PRP/L were observed. Similar values were reached at validation runs performed in shake flasks and bioreactor for the central point CP condition, showing that both BCM and CP conditions belong to the optimum region. The analysis of quality parameters showed that the cultivation time influences strongly the size of the polysaccharide molecule. The longer the cultivation time, the lower molecular weight was found. The analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of H. influenzae cells revealed a predominance of round cells in the sixth hour of cultivation, whereas in the twelfth hour of cultivation the cells exhibited a more elongated morphology with the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions in the shape of granules, possibly due to the accumulation of some reserve material. Based on these results, the new composition of the culture medium resulted in an increased of cell growth and capsular polysaccharide production with half of the sources nitrogen (soybean peptone and yeast extract) concentrations, which reduces the production cost. The cultivations that resulted in higher production and productivity of polysaccharide were FBCF (1600 mg PRP/L and 88 mg PRP/(L.h)) and FBER+ P (1800 mg PRP/L and 129 mg PRP/(L.h)). The FBER+P reached 30% higher productivity of polysaccharide than the best result described in the literature (90 mg PRP/(L.h)). However, the FBCF cultivation was economically more viable.
Estratégias de produção e influências na cadeia de suprimentos: estudos de caso no setor de linha branca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Diniz, Camila Oficiati
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Nogueira, Edemilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1766761613298876
The competitive environment of the XXI century subjects corporations to some major challenges. The complexity of relationships as more and more multinational companies merge and interaction between companies increases, has opened up the way for organizations to recognize the strategic role played by the production area. The management of these relationships is appearing more and more frequently on meeting agendas of high level leadership of organizations. In terms of this, the objective of this research is to analyze the influence between links, central company and suppliers, who belong to a cross-section of the supply chain of white goods, based on the theories of production strategy and the supply chain management. The field research was conducted as a qualitative exploratory survey, by means of three case studies in three companies, these being a factory of white goods (central company) and two tier one suppliers. The main method used to obtain the information was actually visiting the companies and conducting interviews with their managers. The main conclusion from this study is that there is a strong connection (influence) of competitive strategy and production strategy of the central company on the strategies and structural and infrastructural decisions of the analyzed suppliers, being that this influence is becoming more powerful through the buying power of the central company and through threats from new competitors, mainly Asian suppliers.
Nanotubos de carbono no desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Moraes, Fernando Cruz de
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8597473049054728
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great interest in electroanalysis. This material shows important properties as high charge transfer rate, high surface area and the presence of functional groups that make the sensors based on CNTs are attractive to be modified with several species. Metallic phthalocyanines (MPc) are well recognized for their excellent electrocatalytic properties and can be electrostatically adsorbed onto CNTs, where the CNT-MPc system shows a synergic and electrocatalytic effect. Thus, this work aims to characterize the electrocatalytic properties of CNTs, after a functionalization step of CNTs in an oxidizing media. Another objective is the development of electrochemical sensors based in functionalized CNTs modified with metallic phthalocyanines for the determination of environmental and medicinal substances. The CNTs were functionalized in oxidizing media (mixture 1:3 HNO3/H2SO4). The micro-structural analysis was characterized by FTIR and the FEGSEM and TEM microscopy, in which was observed that the functionalization step decreases the diameter of the tubes, unlocks the edge plans and increases the density of functional groups. The electrochemical characteristics of CNTs were examined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, in which these tests showed that the functionalized CNTs shift for more negative values the oxidation potential of redox couple [Fe(CN)6]4-/3-, as the electron transfer resistance, increase in oxidation and reduction current besides the improvement in the reversibility of the system. An electrochemical methodology were developed for the detection of pesticides 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), carbaryl, and glyphosate (Gly) in natural waters. For each pesticide used a specific sensor was constructed based on CNTs and metallic phthalocyanines. Medicinal substances (catecholamines) were also evaluated and developed sensors based on CNTs modified with cobalt phthalocyanine were developed. The proposed electrochemical sensors presented highly electrocatalytic and sensitive in the determination of pesticides and catecholamines. The proposed methodology were compared with the official methods of analysis and noted that the sensors yielded the detection limits required, demonstrating that electrochemical sensors based on CNTs become an alternative for the development of highly sensitive, rapid and low cost methodologies.
A política educacional paulista e o processo de municipalização - 1995-2008: gerenciamento de resultados e patrimonialismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Mello, Claudia Carnevskis de
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8738747125393663
We analyzed in our study the changes in patterns of management of public systems of Basic School education reform proposed by the state of São Paulo. The proposed change has led, among other actions, the decentralization of education in primary schools managed by the state government in the management of the Governor Mário Covas. In his first administration, from 1995 to 1998, Covas put into running a series of measures and projects, which had continued in subsequent governments. Selected, from the analysis of these measures over the years and through interviews with municipal managers, the expectations and actual results of the municipalities that signed the covenant in charge of decentralization of its schools. It might be noted that changes in management patterns were based on the concept of results management, whose main characteristics are streamlining, decentralization, and evaluation of the system in line with the Strategic Plan of the State Apparatus. The enforcement of laws that permitted the structuring, establishment of goals and evaluation of public education systems made possible the implementation of a tariff reduction of economic and administrative activities without, in compensation, to settle municipal educational systems with permanent structures, with clear rules and objective, hierarchies and positions established. This caused much of the decisions being made off the cuff and that adjustments were made in each case. Seems to have been, in most cases, the concern to establish a body of officials and permanent rules allowing actions patrimonial character and can cripple the effectiveness of popular participation in the management of public schools.
Um circuito quântico para a correlação dos sinais do Arranjo Decimétrico Brasileiro (BDA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Violin, Renato de Oliveira
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Saito, José Hiroki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6606329416739992
Quantum computation is a way to perform the computation based on the quantum physics. Since it is appeared in 1985, it promises a revolution in the data processing. Works that had already been done prove that quantum computation, regarding its features that comes from quantum physics, provides a better power computation than the classical computation. The goal of this work is to develop a quantum circuit that performs the correlation of the BDA (Brazilian Decimetric Array), a radiointerferometer that has been developed by INPE (National Institute of Space Research) to visualize cosmic objects through the detection of radiofrequencies radiated by these objects. It was studied some possible quantum circuits and made comparisons with the classical correlator circuit used in BDA. The comparison was made with respect to the number of operations needed to process the correlation in a integration period of 100 ms. The results show that the developed quantum correlator circuit uses less operations than the classical one, proving that the developed quantum circuit is more efficient than the corresponding classical circuit.