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Espaços livres urbanos : praças públicas centrais de Maringá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-29) Daniel, Letícia Weiller; Falcoski, Luiz Antonio Nigro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3200660670856698; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8776535118936016
This research aims to analyze the origins and socio-cultural characteristics of the main central squares of the Maringá City, considering the dependence and complementarity between public and private spaces and their importance to users. Aims to characterize the influence of these squares, wheter for living, recreation, circulation and meetings with nature , both for cooperation with the improvement in environmental quality and for the constant change in the morphological structure and social spaces that they produce in the downtown.To that the public squares act as urban spaces of permanence, it‟s desirable that they present physical and ambient quality. The increasing specialization of the space inside of the city, the displacement of the forms of entertainment for closed enclosures, the growth of the use of vehicles and the conditions of the actual urban life show alterations in the forms of appropriation of the public squares. To understand the functioning of the central squares it is necessary to study the relation between uses, functions and physicist-ambient aspects of these with neighborhood and its paper in the city. To understand the phenomenon of appropriation of the central public squares offices we carry through two distinct stages: the revision of literature and the field research. In the literature revision, we argue the following subjects: urban centers, free spaces and central public squares. The field research was carried through in five squares located in the Maringá city. The adopted methodology was the Study of Case, in which they had used the following procedures: documentary analysis, observation of the physicist-ambient performance of the square and the behavior of the user, through the techniques of interview in the place. The application of these methods assisted in the agreement of the phenomenon of appropriation of the central public squares, therefore, beyond demonstrating the current situation that the squares if find, it allowed to identify the opinion of who if it appropriates or not of these spaces. Thus, from the systematization of the gotten dates are presented common parameters with basis of the analyses of the joined situations that aim at a qualification of the squares and a bigger appropriation on the part of the inhabitants of each city where they meet.
Proposta de protocolos de segurança para a prevenção, a contenção e a neutralização de agente agressor bioativo em incidentes bioterroristas e estudo por docking molecular do fator letal do Bacillus anthracis (Antraz)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-29) Negré, Walkmar Silva; Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7195217104298622
For centuries, infectious agents have been used as weapons in armed conflicts. In 1972 the Biological Weapons Convention prohibited the creation and stockpiling of biological weapons. However, some countries continued to research and develop these weapons. Proof of this fact was the crash in 1979 in a military factory in the USSR, where Bacillus anthracis were dispersed. Biotechnology in a globalizing world facilitates and contributes not only to the development of weapons programs of regular armies, but also to terrorist groups. Examples of such this are the contamination by the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium by a religious fanatic group that in 1984 poisoned 751 people in the U.S., and the bacterium Bacillus anthracis spores mailed in the U.S. to several people during 2001 and 2002, immediately after the attacks of September 11th. A biological weapon is of extreme difficult detection by security equipment. Most infectious agents are present in almost every continent, making it easier to obtain. The production is cheap and it is easy to carry, being a small amount enough to reach very large area and thousands of people. It is an invisible weapon, odorless and causes symptoms unknown to most physicians. So, given this background, in this master thesis we attempt to demonstrate the reality of the threat of a biological weapon based on Anthrax as the biological agent used as a weapon of mass destruction. Based on this study, we show the fragility of the state system for dealing with such incidents, and we propose security protocols in order to regulate what should be done in time of crisis, defining its management and streamline the decision-making. Finally, using the technique of molecular docking, we also studied the lethal factor of anthrax, and proposed the compound 1-Phenylsulfonyl-2-propanone (DARXOJ, C9H10O3S) as a good candidate to inhibit its effects.
Adaptatividade e resiliência no sistema socioecológico da comunidade caiçara da Ilha Diana, município de Santos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-29) Stori, Fernanda Terra; Nordi, Nivaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
In this study we present the case of Ilha Diana caiçara community (Santos, Brazil), which is passing through significant transformations as the artisanal fishing activity declines and the industrial-port complex expands through this territory. We discuss which elements configure adaptability and resilience to the social-ecological system that evolves the Ilha Diana caiçara community in order to build resilience. The aims were the qualitative identification of caiçara cultural aspects, of social mechanisms and management traditional practices of the fishing resources and their transformations (1), as well as the analysis of the social-technological net logique d action composed by the emergent controversy of the environmental licensing of a modern port terminal (2). Proceeding the first analysis, we adopted an ethnoecological approach interviewing 20 Ilha Diana inhabitants (9% of the resident population), with ages varying from 18 to 90 years, respecting the equity between genders. Proceeding the second analysis, ten social stakeholders evolved at the controversy of port expansion were interviewed. Particular aspects of caiçara culture were identified at Ilha Diana territory, as its social organization linked to fishery and the self-recognition of this culture. We identified seven fishing management practices based on the local ecological knowledge, four social mechanisms connected to those practices, three innovation technological practices and the extinction of a traditional practice of selective fishery. The intergenerational loss of ecological knowledge and its linked social mechanisms can decrease resilience in this social-ecological system. However, the social mechanisms here identified may be a counterbalance to the negative aspects of crisis, promoting the re-organization of the system. We also noticed that the commercial and industrial logique d action , dominant worldviews within the ambit of the studied territory exert a negative influence for the maintenance of fishing practices and caiçara social mechanisms of Ilha Diana. The civic, domestic and opinion logics are only the counterpoint to the dominant views, as social-environmental conditions to licensing process of significant environmental impact undertakings. Thus we could not observe a real translation process of the analyzed licensing merely a process of negotiating conditions resulting in suspicions and conflicts which demonstrated that the concerning net is not wide, strengthened, attentive and clear. Then, we conclude that the promotion of resilience within the ambit of the studied social-ecological system will depend on the adaptive ability of the community, starting with sustainable socioeconomic practices, as, for instance, those based on their cultural upgrading. We think that it will also depend on debates with wide popular participation about the Santos estuarine portuary development projects, on a clear way, in terms of strengthening the concerning nets and elevate the vigilance upon them.
Compostos de metais de transição neuroativos: investigações fotoquímicas, fotofísicas, físico-químicas e citotoxicidade para drogas neuroativas em fase III
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-29) Camilo, Mariana Romano; Carlos, Rose Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1588289751421610
The photochemical and photophysical properties of the cis-[Ru(α-diimine)2(4Apy)2]2+ complexes where 4Apy= 4-aminopyridine, α-diimine = 1,10 -phenanthroline (phen) (1), 4,7 -diphenyl-1,10 -phenanthroline (Ph2phen) (2), 2,2 -bipyridine (bpy) (3) and 4,4 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine (Me2bpy) (4) are reported. The four complexes have been characterized using HPLC, 1H NMR, UV-vis and emission spectroscopy. The Xray structure of complexes 1 and 3 were also obtained. The complexes are thermally stable throughout the course of many hours in non-aqueous and aqueous solution and highly colored. The absorptions are characterized by two broad shoulders for the phen derivatives complexes and one peak and one shoulder for the bpy derivatives. The four complexes show two emissive states at room temperature in fluid solution; their emission lifetimes (Tem) are solvent (CH3CN and DMF), excitation wavelength and α-diimine ligand dependents and are assigned to the population of two different MLCT (3MLCT and 1MLCT) excited states. Upon photolysis in acetonitrile solution, accompanied by spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis, luminescence, 1H NMR, HPLC), these cis-[Ru(α-diimine)2(4Apy)2]2+ complexes undergo 4Apy dissociation to give the mono-acetonitrile complex (for 2, 3 and 4) and the bis-acetonitrile complex (for 1).The substitution quantum yield (Osubs) (Yirr = 420 nm) was high for 1 (0.233) but decreased for complexes 2 (0.044), 3 (0.145) and 4 (0.152); the range of kobs (rate constant for the substitution reaction) values is seven times higher in magnitude from the slowest photochemical reaction 2 to the fastest one 1. Our spectroscopic data show and DFT/TD-DFT calculations confirm that both α-diimine ligand and 4Apy ligands act as a good electron donor ligand. Among the α- diimine ligand studied the phenanthroline is the electron-richest ligand, which behaves as a good α-donor toward the Ru(II) atom in complex 1 compared to Ph2phen, bpy and Me2bpy in complexes 2, 3 and 4 respectively. On the basis of this data is reasonable to assume that the Ru-4Apy bond would make weaker the XVIII ruthenium atom becomes more electron rich favoring its labilization. Indeed, the NBO (Natural Bond Orbital) charge analysis indicate a strong variation of the charge on the ruthenium ion, that is, +0.287 (1), and ~+0.63 in complexes 2, 3 and 4. The negative charge on the phen ligand is also significantly reduced to ~0.12 (1) and slightly reduced ~0.05 in complexes 2, 3 and 4 suggesting a stronger α-donation and weaker back-donation in complex 1 compared to complexes 2, 3 and 4. As a consequence the ligand field of the complex is decreased, which decreases the energy differences between the t2g and eg* of Ru(II). Doing so, the MLCT and MC states will approach increasing the photoreactivity of the complex. The feasibility of 4Apy release in 1 can be explained by the near proximity of the two low lying energy MLCT/MC states at 3.74 eV (demonstrated by TD-DFT calculations) which can be easily populated by light irradiation. This is probably the key of the photodissociation mechanism of 4Apy in this molecule and its derivatives.