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Avaliação da espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma induzido por laser (LIBS) para a determinação de Ba, Cd, Cr e Pb em brinquedos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-17)
Godoi, Quienly
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Krug, Francisco José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462034099753487
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030366223948624
LIBS is a spectroanalytical technique that employs the microsampling by laser ablation and subsequent exitations for atoms, ions and molecular fragments presents in induced microplasm.This technique was evaluated for determination of Ba, Cd, Cr and Pb in samples of toys and for the application of classification methods. A Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser (Brilliant, Quantel, France) operating in the fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) with repetition rate of 10 Hz and spectrometer model ESA3000 (LLA Instruments Berlin, Germany) with optical Echelle and ICCD detector was employed. Samples were cut in circles of 3,0 and/or 1,5 cm diameter, fixed in sample holder and coupled in a sampler. Laser pulses were focused in the surface of sample. Ten accumulated LIBS spectra were collected in different positions of each sample and the average of these spectra was used to represent a test portion. Software ESAWIN, NIST database and an algorithm developed in MATLAB® were used for acquisition and data processing. Variables optimization was realized using 24 factorial design and Doehlert. Operational optimized conditions consisted of: 18.0 cm lens-to-sample distance, 50 accumulated laser pulses, 6.0 μs integration time gate, 2.0 μs delay time and 250 mJ laser energy per pulse. Two strategies were proposed for calibration, in the first one used toys samples for building calibration curves and the second one used pure polymers of HDPE and PP for calibration. The curves obtained presented good correlation and was observed that laser-polymer interaction depends of chemical composition of polymer. The comparison of results obtained with LIBS and ICP OES not were very consistent, probably due to the mixture of polymer matrices and for samples HDPE+PP, it was not possible to build curves with a mixture of these matrices. However, is possible to use LIBS for evaluate semi-quantitative presence of analytes in toys. xxi Leaching tests were realized in all sample toys. Values obtained were compared with values established in the technical Norms NM 300-3:2002 and EM 71- 3:2002. The results showed that few toys samples exceeded the values established by norms after of leaching test, despite Cd, Cr and Pb have been found in some samples with total values above established values. The classification of toys samples were realized using the classification models SIMCA, KNN and PLS-DA, allowing adequate classification of toys contaminated with Cd, Cr and Pb.
Avaliação da contaminação e destino de multirresíduos de pesticidas organoclorados em água e sedimento utilizando cromatografia gasosa com detector de captura de elétrons (CG/ECD)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-18)
Simão, Livia Pedrino
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Rezende, Maria Olimpia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6164624893473124
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1908502563885303
The use of pesticides for the purpose of improving agricultural productivity during the last century, played a key role in environmental contamination especially in surface water and sediment. Pesticides used on a large scale are the organochlorines, which, once present in the soil can be transported in large quantities by the rain, mainly reaching surface water. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination of water in the River Basin Monjolinho mutirressíduos by organochlorine pesticides, through physical, chemical, and also using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC / ECD) for detection of organochlorine compounds . Therefore, we sampled water and sediment at five points along the River Basin Monjolinho. The method presented achieved Imitating of detection (LOD) of 0.0039 to 0.86 mg L-1, limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.07 to 2.59 mg L-1 and determination coefficient of 0.99. Through the results of chromatographic analysis, physico-chemical water and sediment, we found the presence of organochlorine compounds in all sampling points, a fact which may be related to persistent use of these compounds near the basin. These results support the view that the organochlorine pesticides are still part of the products used in agriculture of our country and also that the proposed methodology for the determination of organochlorine compounds multiressíduos is profitable and satisfactory.
Desenvolvimento de eletrodos modificados com Poli-1-aminonaftaleno e Poli-1,5-diaminonaftaleno e aplicação na determinação de analitos de interesse farmacêutico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-18)
Silva, Quésia Guedes da
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Faria, Ronaldo Censi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7322456840289279
The aim of this work was to study the electrochemical response of the electrode modified with poly-1-aminonaphthalene (1-PAN) and poly-1 ,5- diaminonaphthalene (1,5-PDAN) for dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) adrenaline (AD) and hydroquinone (HDQ) determination in pharmaceutical preparations by means cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse (DPV). The films of a 1-PAN and 1,5- PDAN were electropolymerized on the platinum electrode by cyclic voltammetry. The surface of the films of a 1-PAN and 1,5-PDAN was characterized by SEM technique. The best results were obtained for DA with electrodes prepared in solutions with 1- aminonaphthalene and 1,5-diaminonaphthalene 0.01 mol L-1 in the perchloric acid 1.0 mol L-1, and 70 cycles. The electrode of 1-PAN showed voltammetric response only after the cathodic pre-treatment of -0.7 V for 3 s, and for the electrode of 1.5- PDAN this pretreatment resulted in better definition of peak and higher density current. The first procedure developed was determination to the DA using the electrodes of a 1-PAN and 1,5-PDAN by technique DPV, the analytical curve was linear in the dopamine concentration ranges of 9.90 and 122 μmol L-1, with a detection limit of 4.22 μmol L-1 and 19.6 and 99.0 μmol L-1 with a detection limit of 4.25 μmol L-1, respectively. Further, we studied the determination of NA using electrodes of 1-PAN and 1,5-PDAN by technique DPV, presenting a linear response between 9.90 and 82.5 μmol L-1, with a detection limit of 0.85 μmol L-1 and 9.90 and 90.9 μmol L-1 with a detection limit of 1.81 μmol L-1, respectively. For determination of AD employing electrodes of 1-PAN and 1,5-PDAN by technique DPV, the calibration curve was linear over the concentration range between 29.1 and 145 μmol L-1, with a detection limit of 8.35 μmol L-1 and 38.4 and 166 μmol L-1 with a detection limit of 15.8 μmol L-1, respectively. Finally, a procedure for the determination of HDQ using the electrode of 1,5-PDAN by technique DPV was developed. The analytical curve was linear in the HDQ concentration range between 74.0 and 690 μmol L-1, with a detection limit of 24.1 μmol L-1.These results were concordants with the comparative method, the spectrophotometric, with an acceptable relative error, which suggests the applicability of electrochemical methods proposed in samples of pharmaceutical formulations.
Preparação e caracterização das propriedades luminescentes de blendas de poli(3-ácidotiofenoacético) com acetato de celulose ou poli(vinil álcool)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-19)
Bergamaski, Franciele de Oliveira Freitas
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1192013631012905
We have studied the optical properties of Poly(3-Thiopheneacetic Acid) (PTAA) by absorption, emission, and infrared measurements. We have observed, on the contrary of what broadly reported in the literature, that the intensity of the PTAA luminescence increased with time exposition of the Laser beam. The results have been shown that luminescence was highly dependent of the power of Laser beam excitation and of the polymeric (blends) film thickness. To evaluate the chemical changes in the course of luminescence increasing, absorption measurements in the infrared range were done. A decrease in the band of 1560 cm-1 was observed after Laser beam irradiation, what could be related with a decrease in the number of C=C bonds, and it is a possible explanation for the luminescence intensification. The PTAA photoluminescence was studied under high vacuum showing that the increase of luminescence was not dependent of oxygen presence in the polymeric film. Besides, we have done photoluminescence measurements at temperature of 10 K and compared with that at room temperature, 298 K. In the irradiation of the films at 10 K it was observed a suppressing effect that could be related to conformational changes in the polymer structure. Finally, we have measured the time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) of PTAA and AC/PTAA blends in picoseconds in two temperatures regime. It was investigated the TRPL transients for different samples of PTAA in several solvents and for blends with cellulose acetate (AC) or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). In all samples (the pure polymer and in the blends) the PL transients have presented behavior mono- and biexponentials. However, the mono-exponential model, in most cases, was not sufficient to describe adequately all PL decays. So, it was used a function in the form of two exponentials sum.
Transformações na matéria orgânica nos sedimentos e águas eutrofizados da Represa Ibirité (Ibirité-Sarzedo, MG) tratados com nitrato de cálcio em microcosmos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-19)
Colzato, Marina
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Mozeto, Antonio Aparecido
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6594211224864538
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1359688001544183
Due to the growing concern with the environment and the welfare of future generations the search for the restoration of degraded areas and the reestablishment of equilibrium between the anthropogenic and natural environments are nowadays highlighted. The Ibirité Reservoir (Ibirité-Sarzedo, MG) is an example of water body impacted by the disorganized urbanization and strong industrial development in the metropolitan Belo Horizonte, MG, SE Brazil. The reservoir, built by the REGAP-Petrobras in the sixties to supply water to its industrial processes, is a eutrophic water body due to the continuous contribution of urban sewage (external loading) and the consequent internal loading of nutrients (mainly of phosphorus), the primary element responsible for the eutrophication process. Among the existing technologies for the treatment of eutrophic sediment focusing on the P immobilization is the artificial supply of nitrate as an electron acceptor to the stimulation of the natural denitrification process. In this stimulation process, the different geochemical forms of reduced iron are oxidized to iron (III) oxi-hidroxides that adsorbs the phosphorus present in the sediment pore water. In addition to that, the metallic sulfides and the organic matter are oxidized as well. This work aimed at the development of laboratory experiments in a bench scale (microcosms) in which sediments and water of the Ibirité reservoir were treated with nitrate addition in order to evaluate the organic matter transformations from caused this treatment. The results indicate that there was, in the treatment microcosms, an increase in the redox potential, an almost complete abatement of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) of the sediments, and a significant reduction of available phosphorus in the water. The UVvis spectroscopy indicated differences in the spectral profiles between the control and treatment microcosms, but uniform trends along the experiment were not identified. The elemental analysis showed agreement with the results of AVS and nitrogen species in sediment pore water data, with the reduction of sulphur and nitrogen contents.
A caracterização da produção de materiais didáticoeducativos audiovisuais para educação superior a distância na UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-19)
Montanaro, Paulo Roberto
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Santiago, Glauber Lúcio Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9385173410103898
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9722367900588242
This survey aims to collect data on the production of audiovisual content intended for undergraduate courses in e-learning mode. Mapped Thus, each of the elements produced, their production system and the actors who work directly or indirectly in the construction of these materials. Therefore, we attempted to trace a brief history of the development of several other audiovisual productions over the years that have passed, so that they know the way political, aesthetic and linguistic achievements they had so far. Likewise, it also draws a picture on the understanding of the system applied in the university, through the project called Universidade Aberta do Brasil, known by the acronym UAB, as well as its structure around a specific department, the Secretaria Geral de Educação a Distância, or SEaD, within the Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar - which is also critical to understand that one can macroscopically pedagogical issues, techniques and systematic material produced there. Thus, the creation of an audiovisual team within the structure of this department is essential for the project shows that the process of teaching and learning for the proposed project, since the use of multiple media is the basic assumption in this system. The evolution of team formation, their training and the duties performed by each of its elements are extremely important for understanding the intentions of undergraduate courses created and there is part of this research, as well as developments in its production process, procedures and results. That said, means the audiovisual production focused on e-learning as part of a larger system and complex content and instructional materials were defined and delimited by the collaboration between the different actors involved in the process, as well as limitations and technical characteristics of the process, production time and internal policies of the political-pedagogical project of the institution and the course as a whole.
Estudo das propriedades eletroquímicas e magnéticas do polipirrol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-22)
Marchesi, Luís Fernando Quintino Pereira
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2116479070725283
In this work the electrochemical degradation of polypyrrole films was studied by means of an applied overpotential and the magnetic properties of polypyrrole pellets, when these were modified by the incorporation of metallic species. The films studied in the electrochemical degradation were grown potentiostatically at 0.75 V vs. SCE, up to a charge of 80 mC in a HCl solution, using LiClO4 as support electrolyte. The degradation process took place by an applied potential of 0.58 V vs. SCE, accompanied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The voltammograms showed the decrease of the polypyrrole redox properties with the degradation process, and the impedance measurements, that were interpreted using transmission line models, showed that the degradation process affects the interfacial polypyrrole properties, once the polymeric resistivity and the time constant of the diffusional process in the pores remained constant. The magnetic measurements of the polypyrrole pellets showed that the sample ferromagnetism is dependent of the synthesis parameters, such as temperature and monomer/oxidant ratio. The magnetic properties of the polypyrrole pellets also shown to be dependent of the iron and cooper particles incorporated in the sample during the synthesis, which is interesting, once independently of the nature of the magnetic particle, the changes that occurred in the magnetic properties of the polypyrrole were similar.
Modelagem molecular de derivados pirimidínicos e estudos de docking nas enzimas ciclooxigenase 1 e ciclooxigenase 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-23)
Armelin, Paulo Roberto Gabbai
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Schpector, Júlio Zukerman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3405458626219252
In this research molecular docking was used to study enzime-ligand complexes of Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) with pyrimidine derivatives, aiming at understanding the possible mechanisms of action of these compounds and, thus, suggest modifications that could increase their specificity. The chosen ligands were a series of 25 substituted pyrimidines with known activity. The three-dimensional structures of these compounds were obtained by molecular modeling and that of the enzymes from the PDB and PDBSum under the codes 2OYE and 1CX2 for COX-1 and COX-2 respectively. The binding sites chosen for the docking studies were 20 Å around the crystallographic ligands IM8-700 (2OYE) and SC-558 (1CX2). In the COX-1 formed complexes the SO2Me moiety is positioned in such a way as to form hydrogen bonds with Ile517 and Phe518. The benzo[b]thiophen-2-ylmethyl-[2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4- yl]amine formed the most favorable complex with COX-1. In COX-2, the enzyme-ligand interaction pattern shows the SO2Me group in the side pocket, forming hydrogen bonds with His90 and Arg513 and the different substituent groups of the pyrimidine ring form hydrogen bonds with Arg120 and Tyr355. The presence of a small lipophilic pocket in COX-2 and the docking results suggest that the ligands 2, 15, 17, 22 and 23 may have their activity enhanced by the addition of a hydrophobic group on the phenyl or thiophenyl rings so this group can interact within this pocket. In both cases the mechanism of inhibition is probably competitive. As the search for new anti-inflammatory drugs must deal with a subtle balance of COX-2 and COX-1 inhibitions, the ligands 2 and 22 that showed better results for COX-2 rather than for COX-1 would be the most promising ones and therefore, those that should be tested in vivo.
Caracterização da estrutura genética de populações residentes e migradoras da espécie Salminus brasiliensis da Bacia do rio Mogi-Guaçu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-24)
Rossini, Bruno César
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Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1696102117856353
Dourado (Salminus brasiliensis Cuvier, 1816) is an excellent migratory fish, possessing large body and wide distribution in South America, with presence in Paraná, Uruguay, Paraguay and La Plata River Basins (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay), in drainage of Laguna dos Patos (Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil) and the upper portion of the Mamoré and Chaparé River system (Bolivia). This fish is much appreciated in gastronomy and sport fishing. However, with increasing habitat degradation, overfishing and damming of rivers due to electric power generation, the fauna of these areas has suffered large impacts, and studies aimed at conservation are needed. In this approach, microsatellite markers have been used to assess the genetic structure of natural populations in order to provide data for management and conservation programs. Despite the microsatellite markers are extremely useful for many organisms including dourado, there are not species-specific loci described yet. Thus, in the present study we used heterologous loci, described for three species related to S. brasiliensis in eight populations of this fish (four residents and four migratory). Samples of 201 animals were collected in the Mogi-Guaçú River (Cachoeira de Emas, Pirassununga, SP) during the years 2007-2009, including reproductive periods (November-February) and non-reproductive (March-October). DNA was extracted using protocol phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol. We tested 29 microsatellite loci, 16 were described for Salminus franciscanus, six for Brycon hilarii and seven for Brycon opalinus. Of this total, only ten loci (nine for S. franciscanus and one for B. opalinus) have demonstrated excellent amplification and high polymorphism, being used in population analysis of S. brasiliensis. Statistical analysis was performed in Genepop 4.0 (HWE, heterozygosity, linkage disequilibrium), FSTAT 2.9.3. (FST, genetic diversity and allelic richness, Fis), GenAlEx 6 (private alleles), Popgene 1.31. (distance and genetic identities), Micro-Checker (null alleles) and Structure 2.3.1. (assignment test and population differentiation). The number of alleles ranged from eight (Sfra18) to 48 (Sfra02), considering all populations together. The levels of observed heterozygosity ranged from 0,668 (RT- 07/2008) to 0,776 (MT-01/2009), and seven populations were out of the HWE at least for one locus. The values of Nei's distance and genetic identity varied, respectively, from 0,08 to 0,29 and 0,75 to 0,92. The data show that these populations have high intra-population genetic variability and low population differentiation between them. The FST values, together with the data of gene and genotypic differentiation and the analysis in the software Structure pointed to the existence of at least two populations outside the breeding period in the analysis. For populations sampled within the reproductive period no structure was identified. These results may help to better understand about the migratory behavior and their reproduction in the region of Cachoeira de Emas, contributing to management actions related to fisheries and conservation of this important migratory fish species.
A eficiência do pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) na recuperação florestal de áreas degradadas e análise de seu retorno econômico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-25)
Alves, Juliano Aparecido
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Gerald, Lee Tseng Sheng
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6011767937130900
This study aimed to test the efficiency of jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) in the recovery of degraded environments and analyze their economic return by selling seeds for biodiesel. We compared two treatments and a certification production. The first treatment (T1) was made a hundred and fifty individuals of jatropha, the second treatment (T2) was formed by seventy-five seedlings of jatropha and seventy-five seedlings of native tree species and the certification (T3) was made a hundred and fifty seedlings of native tree species. During the study period of twenty-four months, we recorded survival data, height, diameter and circumference of the crown and they graded. The analysis of the economic return was made by raising revenue (sale of seeds for biodiesel) and costs (installation, maintenance and collection of seeds), calculating the economic profitability during the first twenty-four months. Therefore, we conclude that the use of jatropha in the recovery of degraded environments is highly recommended, and profitable during the first twenty-four months after planting from the sale of seeds for Biodiesel.
Multiferróicos monofásicos a base de Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3-PbTiO3: acoplamento magnetoelétrico intrínseco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-25)
Fraygola, Bárbara Maraston
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Eiras, José Antônio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6653223814715498
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337081921331056
Multiferroic ceramic solid solutions between the ferroelectric relaxor Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3 (PFW) and normal ferroelectric PbTiO3 (PT) [PFW-PT] has been synthesized by a modified B-site precursor method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, dielectric, electric, magnetic and anelastic measurements. A two-stage solid-state reaction turned out to be appropriate for the formation of the majoritary PFW phase as well as PFW-PT solid solutions, with low percentage of spurious phases, high densities, dielectric constant and electric resistivities. Intrinsic relationship between structure, composition, magnetic ordering and dielectric proprieties was discussed. Dielectric properties have been tailored by adding PbTiO3, bringing the ferroelectric transition toward the room temperature, transforming the phase transition from diffuse, typical for ferroelectric relaxors, to a sharp one, characteristic of normal ferroelectrics. Two types of superexchange magnetic interactions and a succession of magnetic transitions with Neel temperatures dependent on the composition were found in the solid solutions. The magnetic ordering at TN1 is expected to vanish with PT addition, for higher amounts of PT to 30 percent. For 12-13%PT, the samples are multiferroic (presenting ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic ordering) below 237K. Anomalies in the temperature dependence of the elastic constants have been observed at TN and TC for all samples, indicating that the magnetoelectric coupling between the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orders occurs via strain . The value of the magnetoelectric coefficients η were estimated for all samples, from the measured values of their magnetic susceptibility, dielectric constant, magnetoelastic and electroelastic coefficients. Additionally, an interplay between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties of the samples, as well as the influence of the proximity of the temperatures of the establishment of both orderings with intrinsic magnetoelectric coupling coefficient was established.
Variação genética em Salminus hilarii (Valenciennes, 1849) na região do Alto Rio São Francisco, MG e contribuições para a conservação do grupo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26)
Nunes, Aline Galindo
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7305656895958851
The São Francisco river comprises one of the largest and most important river basins of Brazil and one of its main characteristics is the variety of fish species. The genus Salminus (Characiformes: Characidae) constitutes a group of migratory fish with great economic importance in fishing and gastronomy. Within this genus, Salminus hilarii (tabarana), due to its high degree of selectivity for the environment and to occupy the top of the food chain, of great importance to the ecosystem and a good indicator of environmental impacts. Many studies on conservation and population genetics have been conducted using molecular markers such as microsatellites, which can provide data on the genetic processes that are acting in a given population. These markers have relatively conserved flanking sequences, which allows the use of primers that were originally designed for other phylogenetically related species. In this study, nine polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from Salminus franciscanus were used to assess the genetic variation of S. hilarii collected in three localities in the upper São Francisco river basin, aiming to evaluate the level of genetic variation and identify evidence of population structure, providing support for conservation of this group of fish and contributing effectively to maintain the biodiversity of this ecosystem. The cross amplification results were efficient and were able to identify a relatively high level of genetic variation. Moreover, it was possible to observe the absence of genetic structure between populations, suggesting the occurrence of gene flow between them enough to maintenance of the genetic homogeneity of this populations. These results are important tools, since they can provide information for understanding the behavior and biology of these fish to fisheries management and conservation programs.
Estudo sobre o hidróxido de potássio no processo de produção industrial de poliol poliéter
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26)
Baixo, Rogério Dias
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Tsunoda, Mitsukimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842686360162069
Metallic ions may interact with polyether polyols giving macromolecular complexes. From this approach, it was investigated the interaction of cationic potassium with polyether polyols by means of several techniques in order to proof complexation as well as its ocurrence. The industrial synthesis of polyether polyols does not result in a pure product but gives a mixture with a range of molecular weights. The preparative chromatography was used to isolate a selection of products with representative molecular weights. The mass spectrometry was used to analyse the chromatographically separated fractions with representative molecular weights. The conductivimetric study of polyether polyols solutions containing potassium ions allowed detection of interactions occurring between the organic molecules and the metallic ions, implying the existence of complexation capacity in the linear ligands. The complexation of the cationic potassium was further confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) spectroscopy allowed the characterization of the size and morphology of the macromolecular complexes. The polyether polyols used in the present study were supplied from DOW Brasil S.A.
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose resistente em hospital especializado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26)
Zanoti, Márcia Diana Umebayashi
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Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8992030800589489
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge to the health sector, both by the high incidence of the disease and the emergence of resistant strains, making it a priority on the global agenda of Health. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiological profile of TB cases resistant at the Hospital Estadual Nestor Goulart Reis in Américo Brasiliense - SP. This is a retrospective, exploratory and descriptive study, which analyzed 55 adult patients of both sexes, with positive culture results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis that presented any antibiotic drug resistance and who were tested at the hospital between January 2005 to December 2008, comprising 10.9% of inpatients. All of them had pulmonary tuberculosis disease, 70.9% were men, at admission 69.1% were unemployed and 81.8% had one hospitalization. Among the associated comorbidities, alcoholism emerged with 43.6% and AIDS with 10.2%, over 70% were referred from primary care and specialty clinic; 32.7% were resistant to at least one drug and 54.5% TB were multiple drugs resistant. The treatment most used was the Scheme 1 in 31% of patients and Scheme 1R in 18,2%. It was observed fragility in the adequacy of the therapeutic scheme with the sensibility test, beyond the average time of 65 days to its return. Regarding the closure of cases, 23.6% were successfully cured and 12.7% died. It is concluded that the situation of TB drug-resistant in the study area deserves special attention considering that the cure rates are lower than recommended levels. It is suggested that the process of local work must be reassessed, particularly the flow of biological material, as well as a guarantee that such results subsidize the institution of drug therapy.
Estudo biológico de linhagens do protozoário ciliado Paramecium Caudatum Ehrenberg, 1833 e avaliação experimental do efeito tóxico do agrotóxico Fipronil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26)
Alves, Henrique Cezar
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8695372570802215
Protozoans has been proposed as biological indicators of water pollution due to their sensitivity to environmental changes, their short life cycle and easy cultivation, this work intended to study two strains of the ciliated protozoan Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg, 1833 (PC1 isolated from the Monjolinho Reservoir - São Carlos-SP and maintained in monoxenic culture at the Laboratory of Ecology of Aquatic Microorganisms of UFSCar and PC2 isolated from Óleo Lagoon an oxbow lake in the Moji-Guaçu River floodplain Luiz Antônio- SP). Experiments were done aiming to study the life cycle, best cultivation conditions and to verify the toxicity of the pesticide fipronil to these protozoan lineages, considering that the local from which they were isolated have differing history of contamination with the pesticide. The experiments were executed aiming to verify the possibility of the utilization of these organisms as environmental bioindicators in a standardized bioassay. The best culture condition obtained for PC1 was at pH 9 and 30 °C and for PC2 was at pH 7 and 27.5 °C. For the two lineages the best results were obtained with no light and agitation and the increase of the cultivation scale not interfered significantly in the growth. It was possible to observe that in culture, the PC2 has a slower growth and, in the other hand higher densities than PC1. Compared with other organisms, the two lineages are very resistant to fipronil, and as a result not suitable as bioindicators of environmental contamination by this pesticide. Besides, because they are food items for the higher trophic levels, their resistance to the pesticide led us to consider that in the contaminated ecossystems, these organisms can be important for the fipronil accumulation in the food web. However, the studied ciliates displayed potential to be used as test-organisms for ecotoxicological assays.
Empresário e dependência no pensamento político de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1957-1967)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26)
Laporta, Daniel Osterreicher
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0006735123016198
This text aims to study the Fernando Henrique Cardoso s works focusing the author s ideas concerning the industrial society and the brazilian post 1930 s modernization. It is intended to make a short descriptive and theoretical examination about the academic carrer of this intelectual and to analyse part of his political thoughts, which is those of greater theoretical centrality and contribution for the development theories, both the cepalinas and the latin american orthodoxal marxism ones. It is highlighted that one aspect of the existing literal analysis about Cardoso s work is that the brazilian political studies have been underexplored, which take us to revisit this intellectual importance to the study of brazilian society formation.
Efeito de enzimas comerciais e naturais utilizadas na hidrólise da mandioca sobre a qualidade sensorial da tiquira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26)
Zurita, Erick
;
Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5641602992072391
The amilaceous materials need to be hydrolyzed for the release of fermentable sugars and this process may be carried out by chemical or enzymatic way. The latter is the most efficient way for the starch conversion, however a limiting factor to the usage of commercial enzymes is the high cost. In this context, a substitute for the enzymes aiming the saccharification of starch should be searched for. This study evaluated the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of aged tiquiras (cassava spirits) produced from the hydrolysis of cassava with commercial enzymes and with sweet potato, comparing to the traditional cachaça (sugar cane spirit), in two alcoholic strengths (33 and 38% v/v). Initially, an optimization of the hydrolysis process of the cassava was carried out, in order to verify the best concentrations of cassava, sweet potato for liquefaction and saccharification, water volume and commercial enzymes, in the laboratory scale, based on the results of yield in reducing sugar/g cassava. Physico-chemical analysis of the tiquiras produced was taken according to the parameters required by legislation. For the sensory analysis, the quantitative descriptive method and the acceptability and purchase interest tests were used. The utilization of sweet potato for the cassava hydrolysis (liquefaction and saccharification) has showed yields in reducing sugars significantly higher than those obtained with commercial enzymes. The proportion among cassava/sweet potato/water utilized in the semi-industrial scale for the tiquira production, established in the optimization step, was 20% cassava (m/v); 7.5% sweet potato (m/v) for liquefaction; 7.5% sweet potato (m/v) for saccharification; and 65% distilled water. The tiquiras presented physico-chemical characteristics in accordance with the Brazilian specifications, exception for the tiquira produced with sweet potato for the alcoholic strength, which was slightly below vii the minimum required. The sensory attributes which described the spirits by the quantitative descriptive analysis were based on appearance, aroma, flavor and texture, utilizing fourteen descriptive terms. According to the results, there were no significant differences (p≥0,05) for the majority of the attributes, but for yellowish coloration, wood aroma and flavor, whose values were higher for the cachaça. There was a greater acceptance and purchase interest for the cachaça and for the tiquira produced with commercial enzymes, showing that that the replacement of the commercial enzymes by the sweet potato enzymes did not result in a better sensory quality of the beverage, although better yields in reducing sugars were obtained with the hydrolysis treatments with sweet potato.
Catalisadores de Pd/Al2O3 modificados com La: preparação, caracterização e propriedades catalíticas nas reações de reforma a vapor e autotérmica do metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26)
Cassinelli, Wellington Henrique
;
Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8800458933689577
The Pd catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method of the supports using an aqueous solution of palladium nitrate. (x)La2O3-Al2O3 carriers, with x = 0 to 20 wt %, were obtained by wet impregnation and sol gel methods. The supports and catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, temperature-programmed reduction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy of the adsorbed CO, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and dehydrogenation of cyclohexane reaction. The La2O3 presence on the carriers promotes a decrease in the Eaap and an increase in the TOFap and CH4 consumption values at 510 °C in the steam reforming of CH4 reaction. This increase in activity was related to Pdº*Pd+-OLa interfacial species type formation. These interfacial species promote the formation of Pd° sites of higher electron density, most activ e to C-H bond cleavage, and are also likely to be oxidized by H2O and CO2 co-reagents, promoting the O * transfer to the metal surface, which act on the oxidation of chemisorbed carbon (C *). This fact makes that the determining steps process to be more balanced, promoting a greater of CH4 accessibility to the Pd surface. The nature of the supports has a high influence on the properties of Pd catalysts in autothermal reforming of CH4 reaction (ATR). The Pd/Al catalysts showed a high deactivation in the ATR, due to strong agglomeration of Pd crystallites during the time the catalyst was maintained at 800 °C. For La 2O3 containing catalysts, the Pdº*Pd+-O-La interfacial species type formation promoted a higher activity and stability in ATR. However, was observed the formation of graphitic carbon type for Pd/12LaAl samples. The interfacial species promote both an increase in the CH4 activation rate, as in the removal of the C* species formed during CH4 activation. However, the CH4 activation and C* formation rate should be higher than diffusion or removal carbon rate. This effect coupled with the suitable particle size formed during the ATR tests results in a greater C* accumulation and growth in the filaments form.
Um estudo sobre as condições de vida e a qualidade do saneamento ambiental local como fatores de interferência para o desenvolvimento de práticas agroecológicas - um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26)
Lopes, Keila Cássia Santos Araújo
;
Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres
The present study aimed mainly to carry out a mapping of living conditions and quality of environmental sanitation in the Assentamento Horto Loreto, SP.The objective was to determine the outcome of the inter-relation living conditions / local environmental sanitation may be factors affecting the development of agroecological practices in the study area. It also aimed to reconstruct the history of the settlement, through the life trajectories of its residents. To collect the data was used for qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative data were obtained through the application of questionnaires, consisting of thematic blocks, which contain indicators on the quality of environmental sanitation and living conditions, such as schooling, income, source of water supply at home, use of water from various sources, forms of sewage disposal, solid waste disposal, use, storage and disposal of packaging of agricultural chemicals, health care. Qualitative data were obtained by conducting semi-structured interviews, which permits to understand the perception of the settlers regarding their health, environmental and living conditions in the areas of settlement, as well as their expectations of life, dreams and plans. We used univariate statistical analysis and the speech of interviewees for the discussion and analysis of results. The data infer that the population of the settlement is in a vulnerable socio-economic and environmental. Everyday practices undertaken by the settlers have identified that 25% of the settlers use water sources that do not receive treatment for irrigation of food crops, 92.1% use of cesspits and 77.3% opted for burning solid waste, due to lack of garbage collection and 82.9% of farmers use pesticides on their lots. Moreover, it was observed in the settlement low levels of education, as 19.6% of the settlers have only incomplete primary and 36.1% completed elementary school. The income of farmers is another extremely important factor, since 31.4% of farmers survive on one or less than a minimum wage and 20.4% said they have no fixed monthly income. Agroecology is a science that seeks positive interaction between the natural and agricultural ecosystems and to adopt sustainable agricultural practices, or searches for sustainability and socio-economic environment, it is concluded that the daily practices of the settlers, are factors that lead to negative interference in rural areas, preventing the natural resources are in healthy conditions for use in the adoption of farming practices.
Gramática como habilidade no ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa: um estudo sobre implicações na acuidade da produção lingüística e percepções dos aprendizes a essa proposta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-29)
Linhares, Maria José Xavier
;
Viana, Nelson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
Research on grammar involving teaching-learning English as a foreign language has shown the necessity to change the focus on the way grammar has been taught in communicative classrooms. Much inquiring has been elicited concerning the best way to teach grammar so that it can contribute to the learners accuracy. The aim of this investigation is to analyze the process and the results, as studying a group of university students at a public university in Sao Paulo State, related to oral and written accuracy. We based our discussions and pedagogical activities design mainly on Batstone (1994) and Larsen-Freeman proposals (2003), called, respectively, Grammar as Skill and Grammaring. Besides being based on themes, the course design has followed two elements of the grammar as skill: noticing and reflection, which have guided the activities and the development of the classes as well as their perception to this grammar approach. Students proved to be receptive to this type of teaching grammar inductively, being able to use it in their oral and written linguistics production.