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Estudo alelopático de espécies da família Myrtaceae do cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-20)
Imatomi, Maristela
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8057538383851680
The plants release primary and secondary metabolites in the environment that may influence the development of adjacent vegetation, this interference phenomenon is called allelopathy. It is recognized as an important ecological process because it interferes with the structure, distribution, composition and dynamics of plant communities. Studies on allelopathic interactions may be useful in the search for natural phytotoxins are produced by plants or microorganisms to be used as natural herbicides, more specific and less harmful to the environment. According to floristic survey conducted by IBGE, Myrtaceae family is one of the major in the cerrado ecosystem. This study attempted to clarify the following issues: species of Myrtaceae family present in the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) exhibit allelopathic potential? There is a similar allelopathic response within genera? Among the active species, which is most promising for starting a bioprospecting? Some of these species has potential as a herbicide for use in agroforestry or organic production of food? To answer these questions were conducted experiments of seed germination and seedling growth of target species cultivated and weedy, and chemical extraction of active compounds in leaves of Myrcia tomentosa. The leaves of Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Campomanesia pubescens, Eugenia bimarginata, Eugenia klotzschiana, Eugenia myrcianthes, Eugenia punicifolia, Myrcia bella, Myrcia lingua, Myrcia multiflora, Myrcia splendens, Myrcia tomentosa, Psidium australe, Psidium cinereum, Psidium laruotteanum and Psidium rufum were collected , cleaned, crushed and stored in plastic bags until use. In the first stage, were carried out the germination and growth bioassays using aqueous extracts of leaf in a concentration of 10% (w / v). We selected three target species, Lactuca sativa and Solanum lycopersicum, both eudicotyledonous and a monocotyledonous Allium cepa. The extracts were applied to all Myrtaceae species compared with the control (distilled water). In the second phase, bioassays were carried out using aqueous extracts of leaves at concentrations of 5 and 10% (w / v). We selected as target species three weeds Euphorbia heterophylla, Echinochloa crus-galli and Ipomoea grandifolia. The leaf extracts of B. salicifolius, M. multiflora, M. splendens and M. tomentosa were compared to negative control (distilled water) and positive (herbicide Oxyfluorfen). In the third stage were carried out biotests germination, growth, and coleoptile of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to direct chemical extraction of active compounds of M. tomentosa. The extractions were carried out using dried leaves powdered and organic solvents of different polarity, the extracts were fractionated using chromatographic column and purified by HPLC. The isolated and purified compounds were identified in RMN13C and RMN1H, by comparison of spectra. The results showed that aqueous extracts of twelve out of fifteen donor species evaluated showed allelopathic activity and each species showed a distinct behavior regarding the allelopathic activity, no grouping by taxonomic proximity. Evaluating the four species most active on weeds species, was detected the potential and efficiency of the extracts, since these were more toxic to weeds species than the herbicide. The leaf extracts of M. tomentosa stood out for demonstrating high activity even at low concentrations, so was chemical extraction from powdered of leaves of M. tomentosa were isolated two compounds from the ethyl acetate extract: juglanin and avicularin, the difference between ix both is the presence of one hydroxyl attached to carbon 3' in avicularin molecule, this difference has an phytotoxic effect more pronounced in the juglanin. This paper is the first report of the presence of the flavonoids kaempferol (juglanin) and quercetin (avicularin) in species of Myrtaceae of cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and gave foundation for future studies on bioprospecting of the M. tomentosa, which did not find any reports of allelopathic studies, fractionation and identification of chemical compounds.
Biologia de nidificação e estrutura sociogenética de ninhos de Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albitarse Fabricius 1804 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): comportamento de guarda do macho e paternidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-20)
Almeida, Juliano Costa de
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1102065344473105
Crabronid wasps of the genus Trypoxylon are characterized by being solitary and nest in preexisting cavities or in mud nests. The species Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albitarse is included in the latter group, because builds its own mud nests. These nests are made by mud tubes with the lower portion open. Each tube is internally formed by a linear series of cells provisioned with captured spiders in which she oviposits an egg. After that, she starts closing the cell with a mud wall and begins to supply the next cell. Males of these wasps have an unusual behavior among the Hymenoptera. They assist the females during the construction and the provisioning of their nests, besides expelling parasites or other males who eventually approach the nest. This peculiarity of the male guard was always associated with his paternity of female offspring of the guarded nest. However, this hypothesis has not been tested until now, doing this the main objective of this work. The nesting behavior of the species Trypoxylon albitarse was monitored. For this, it took the observation of the nesting pairs and their collecting, as the collect of their offspring. The adults caught were frozen at -20°C for the genetic analysis. The offspring was collected after the construction of the cocoon and, after its emergence, it was weighted and frozen at -20°C for the same purpose. The monitoring of nesting allowed gathering data from this species, adding information to this gender, since most of that is gathered with trap nests. It was seen that that species have more nesting activity in cold and dry seasons, the emergence of adults is mainly concentrated in two moments, before and after the winter. Besides that, most of the larvae spend the winter in a quiescence state. A secondary sex ratio 1:1 was observed in two populations, São Carlos and Araras, however the resource allocation was higher for females, since they are 28% larger than males. To the paternity tests of the guard male, it was necessary to develop a genomic library for Trypoxylon albitarse, which allowed the development of eight microsatellite markers. Four of those were polymorphic and good enough to the purpose of these tests. These genetic tools were the first developed for this gender. They, together with the field observations, allowed assigning the female offspring of a nest to the male who guarded it. However, usurpation and extra-pair copulations were also found, contributing for greater understanding of mating system in this species and the understanding of the functional significance of the male guard behavior. The occurrence of diploid males was detected and their origin discussed.
Remediação de sedimentos eutróficos da Represa Ibirité (MG) pela adição de nitrato e Phoslock : experimentos em laboratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-20)
Yamada, Thaís Mariana
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Mozeto, Antonio Aparecido
Ibirité Reservoir (Ibirité/Sarzedo, MG) receives untreated effluents and raw sewage from the city of Ibirité and surroundings, which are the main cause of the eutrophication of this ecosystem. Past studies have shown that sediment is a significant internal source of nutrients (ammonium and orthophosphate ions) to the water column. Within this context, the main objective of this study was to perform laboratory experiments (microcosms) using calcium nitrate and Phoslock as sediment remediation technologies to immobilize orthophosphate ions. Total incubation time was 145 days for the experiments with nitrate and 41 days using Phoslock . The results of the experiments involving the addition of calcium nitrate showed a reduction in the concentration of orthophosphate in the water column (75%) and interstitial water (89%). After 145 days the sediment was significantly oxidized and there was almost complete abatement of acid volatile sulfide in the sediments, leading to a significant increase in sulfate concentrations. The system s nitrogen mass balance revealed the occurrence of an intense process of denitrification. The ecotoxicological assays initially showed that the high concentrations of nitrate (up to 2,300 mg L-1 and 270 mg L-1 in the sediment s interstitial waters, repectively) were responsible for the mortality of test organisms. However, at the end of the experiment, sediment toxicity disappeared completely and there was a significant reduction in the water s EC50 values at 48h. The results of the assays involving the addition of Phoslock showed an 82% reduction in the concentration of orthophosphate in the water column immediately after application of the product and a 64% reduction in interstitial water after 41 days of treatment. The application of the Phoslock suspension increased water column turbidity (150 NTU), which, however, declined by 75% just 6 hours later. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water column increased significantly 360 hours into the experiment. The application of Phoslock caused a significant increase in the concentration of dissolved lanthanum in the water column. At the time of application (t = 0), the concentration of La in the water column was 1.64 mg L-1; however, at the end of the assay, the concentration of this element had dropped to less than 0.05 mg L-1. The ecotoxicological tests showed that at t = 0 the application of Phoslock caused mortality of the test organisms in the water column samples, which may have been due to an increase in turbidity and La concentration during this period. Consequently, at the end of these assays, the toxicity was completely eliminated. Considering the general characteristics of the assays performed here, it is postulated that both the technologies studied showed good application potential, i.e., the results obtained indicated that both technologies were efficient in removing P from the water. However, the chances of success of these treatments in the long run will depend (among other factors) on the abatement of the external sources and on the long-term maintenance of such abatement. Since both the technologies investigated appeared to perform similarly in this respect, the use of Phoslock to remediate the eutrophic sediments of the Ibirité reservoir may be more favorable than that of nitrate, if one considers the cost estimates presented in this work from the standpoint of the approximations or forecasts employed here.
Revisitando o movimento estudantil de 1968: a trajetória dos estudantes do interior paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-20)
Augustinho, Aline Michele Nascimento
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Martins Filho, João Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3933608243770515
The year 2008 was full of "celebration" about the mythical 1968. Universities, newspapers and television networks devoted their attention to the forty-year cycle of major political demonstrations student of brazilian history. Besides remembering the student uprising, we must think what is left of this movement to contemporary politics, as these actors observe and reinterpret their past attitudes. It is clear that the ideals of the former student left is no longer the same. Many of the former militants, who have achieved political power, have their practices related to manifestations of forty years ago. One hypothesis that guides this dissertation is that the time changes the structures and the social and the ways of political scenario depend on a constantly rewritten history. Since the two main political student from 1968 to guarantee excellence of the university and public repudiation of the military regime, it is interesting how these same people act as they are now members of the political elite. Using the methodology of work the tools of 'Oral History' and 'Paths of Life', this research addresses the student struggles of the period, through the oral histories of some of the student leaders of 1968. Throughout the process of democratization, the dominant structures able to absorb important part of proposals for new groups of social movements that have emerged since the 1970s, as the movements of women, homosexuals and ethnic minorities, and also the proposals related to the revolution behavior and culture of the 1960s. In this scenario, the former student activists of the left had to readjust their goals, platforms and agendas as they entered politics through the new parties that formed in the late 1970s. The uniqueness of man is also a way of revealing how people universalized through their lives and their actions, the historical era in which they live, thus revealing hidden pathways still a movement that was also trainer of the contemporary political scene.
Geração de riqueza em empresas vencedoras do PNQ: uma análise usando o EVA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-21)
Bassan, Heder
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Martins, Roberto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1917759961360095
The poor financial performance of some quality award winners in different countries arises the interest of researchers to investigate why that happened. The majority of this kind of investigations was carried out in United States and Western Europe. The most common performance measures were growth, profitability, market value, and customer satisfaction. In Brazil, there are few studies on this issue. This master thesis aims to analyze the value creation by National Brazilian Quality Award winners using Economic Value Added (EVA ) as the performance measure and comparing those values with competitors from the same economic sector. The application of EVA as performance measurement is a differential from other studies. The Brazilian database Economatica, financial websites, and companies websites were the main source of data. The data acquirement covered a period of time of ten (2000-2009). The parametric tests were applied to test the hypothesis. The main finding shows that the winner companies have increased the value creation to the shareholders after the awarding of National Brazilian Quality Award. Another main finding points out that the winner companies have increased the value creation in average to the shareholders more than the companies from the same economic sector after the awarding of National Brazilian Quality Award. It is important to highlight that before the awarding the studied companies were not creating more value to shareholders than the companies from the same economic sector.
Cultura e responsabilidade social empresarial : uma análise das ações culturais de responsabilidade social empresarial - o caso da Petrobras e do grupo Votorantim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-21)
Belem, Marcela Purini
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1162688517904699
This essay analyzes the interface between culture and corporate social responsibility, performing an analysis of the investment in Culture made by Petrobras and Grupo Votorantim. The aim of this paper is to analyze the interface between the financing of Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility. To accomplish this task, we analyzed two large national companies. Petrobras, as this is the company that most sponsors cultural projects in Brazil and Grupo Votorantim as counterpoint.
Um estudo comparativo de modelos baseados em estatísticas textuais, grafos e aprendizado de máquina para sumarização automática de textos em português
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-21)
Leite, Daniel Saraiva
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Rino, Lúcia Helena Machado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0315640846525832
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4602931087864561
Automatic text summarization has been of great interest in Natural Language Processing due to the need of processing a huge amount of information in short time, which is usually delivered through distinct media. Thus, large-scale methods are of utmost importance for synthesizing and making access to information simpler. They aim at preserving relevant content of the sources with little or no human intervention. Building upon the extractive summarizer SuPor and focusing on texts in Portuguese, this MsC work aimed at exploring varied features for automatic summarization. Computational methods especially driven towards textual statistics, graphs and machine learning have been explored. A meaningful extension of the SuPor system has resulted from applying such methods and new summarization models have thus been delineated. These are based either on each of the three methodologies in isolation, or are hybrid. In this dissertation, they are generically named after the original SuPor as SuPor-2. All of them have been assessed by comparing them with each other or with other, well-known, automatic summarizers for texts in Portuguese. The intrinsic evaluation tasks have been carried out entirely automatically, aiming at the informativeness of the outputs, i.e., the automatic extracts. They have also been compared with other well-known automatic summarizers for Portuguese. SuPor-2 results show a meaningful improvement of some SuPor-2 variations. The most promising models may thus be made available in the future, for generic use. They may also be embedded as tools for varied Natural Language Processing purposes. They may even be useful for other related tasks, such as linguistic studies. Portability to other languages is possible by replacing the resources that are language-dependent, namely, lexicons, part-of-speech taggers and stop words lists. Models that are supervised have been so far trained on news corpora. In spite of that, training for other genres may be carried out by interested users using the very same interfaces supplied by the systems.
Relações entre autenticidade e motivação no desenvolvimento da produção escrita por jovens aprendizes de língua estrangeira (inglês), a partir do gênero notícias de jornal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011)
Guedes, Roberta de Oliveira
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Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3550330854095084
When studying the literature in the area of teaching and learning languages, two multifaceted and meaningful concepts can be identified, they are authenticity (GILMORE, 2007) and motivation (DÖRNYEI, 2001; VIANA, 1990). Concerning the integration of both themes, Gilmore (2007) points out that, although there is common belief about the motivating potential of authentic materials, there is little empirical support for stating the existence of this relationship. This research investigates which relations may be established between authenticity and motivation through the development of activities that focus on the genre newspaper report in the English language classrooms for learners who participate in an extension program at a Federal University in Sao Paulo State. The choice of this genre as a combination of both theories was made based on its relevance in the New Curriculum Proposals for the State of São Paulo and also due to the lack of studies that guide the pedagogical practice in the development of meaningful activities through genre. (OLIVEIRA, 2010). Therefore, based on the data analysis and the conclusion of this study, it is possible to verify how through the genre newspaper reports it is possible to integrate authenticity and motivation, reflecting on students-participants‘ behavior, their written productions and in the teaching and learning of languages.
M-libraries e Information Commons: novos espaços, novas práticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011)
Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
O universo atual da informação, da comunicação e da educação, tem se reconfigurado cada vez mais a partir de sua vinculação às tecnologias computacionais. Em um movimento sincrônico, se convergem a produção do conhecimento, as demandas de informação e os aparatos tecnológicos. Sobre estes, pre-senciamos o alucinante desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de dispositivos móveis, que armazenam e tornam acessível, a qualquer momento, a informação. Neste mesmo momento, temos tido uma reconfi-guração dos espaços físicos de pesquisa e acesso ao conhecimento, como o caso de Bibliotecas Públicas e Universitárias (Information Commons - IC). Estes espaços tem se remodelado arquitetonicamente para flexibilizar e otimizar uma interação de qualidade entre usuários, tecnologia e conhecimento. Neste contexto, o presente artigo pretende sinalizar os conceitos e as iniciativas que prerrogam a articulação dos saberes tradicionalmente articulados no âmbito das Bibliotecas, que são mediados agora também por celulares, iPads, Smartphones - M-libraries, e ainda, caracterizar os espaços IC, como uma tendên-cia para Bibliotecas pragmáticas e interativas contemporâneas. A partir disto procura-se discutir o re-posicionamento dos profissionais da informação diante do cenário atual de mobilidade da informação.
Design universal, acessibilidade e tecnologia assistiva : a formação profissional do terapeuta ocupacional na perspectiva da equidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-01-13)
Marins, Simone Cristina Fanhani
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Emmel, Maria Luisa Guillaumon
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4888746680132973
The occupational therapist activity seeks to promote autonomy and independence for the general population in the different areas of personal and social interaction, participating in the development of social policies. Among the intervention strategies is the use of accessibility resources and technologies to enhance human functionality. The profession strives to guarantee peoples rights regardless of special needs, whether temporary or permanent. Professional legislation entitles the occupational therapist to the use of assistive technology in daily activities and in instrumental daily life activities. This research s objective was to analyze occupational therapist education in order to work with accessibility resources and assistive technology. It considered seventeen Brazilian bachelor courses, nine of which private, four federal, and four state schools, as well as forty junior and senior students. Data collection techniques included documental analysis and surveys. According to the used method, in the first step theoretical and practical subjects from the curriculum were considered. The second step used surveys to assess students perception of their own capability in the areas of accessibility and assistive technology. The results showed an overall average of 71,96 hours dedicated to assistive technology, representing 2,25% of the minimum required time, concentrated in subjects with minimum required times varying between 59 and 89 hours. The documental analysis results showed that these contents are presented in specific required subjects (82,4%) and in non-specific required subjects, where they are part of the curriculum (64,7%). A disparity between this research s findings and the students perception was observed. Students state that 42,5% of the contents were offered in specific subjects and in the subjects referred to as Applied . Some of the main results indicate that there is no identifiable systematization of contents and time spent and that the contents are treated superficially. Furthermore, they show that the students feel more prepared to evaluate than to use technological resources and do not feel ready to create and develop accessibility resources and assistive technology. The results obtained in this research can contribute to improve and better direct the course content in light of the development of accessibility resources and technologies within the parameters of inclusion and in doing so, to better qualify future professionals.
Crianças que convivem com idosos: atitudes em relação à velhice e percepção sobre demência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-01-14)
Luchesi, Bruna Moretti
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3385433655310047
The increase in the number of elderly in the population and increased longevity create greater opportunities for interaction with children of this overall population. Since the beginning of life children develop attitudes toward aging and older people with whom they live. The perception that progressively build is based on these relationships and are influenced by several factors. Objectived to assess the attitude toward aging of children living with elderly people with and without cognitive impairment and check on the perception of the same dementia / Alzheimer disease (AD). The study was based on the method of quantitative and qualitative research and ethical guidelines were followed. Was interviewed 54 children from 7 to 10 years of age were enrolled in five different Units of Family Health of a city of State of São Paulo who were living with at least one elderly person. The children were interviewed, was applied a questionnaire of characterization, Scale of Attitudes Toward Aging for Children and issues related to aging and dementia / AD. In the elderly living with children (n = 46) was made the characterization and applied the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Quantitative data were statistically analyzed and the qualitatives by thematic analysis. Most children were male, had nine years, was in 4° grade of Elementary School and was the granddaughter of the elderly with whom she lived. The average of child in the attitude scale was 1.59 points, one point represents the most positive attitude possible and three points more negative. The elderly were mostly female, between 60 and 64 years and mean MMSE score of 20.4 points. Most children (53.7%) live with elderly people without cognitive impairment. Significant differences was found in the areas of cognition and social relationship of the attitude scale when was compared groups of children living with elderly people with and without cognitive impairment, being that those who live with elderly with cognitive impairment have more negative attitudes in these areas. Regarding the open issues, changes in physical appearance and way of thinking have been highlighted as inherent to aging. They also emphasized the memory loss of elderly patients with whom the child lives. The vast majority of children had no knowledge about dementia/AD. Health professionals in basic attention should be attentive to multigenerational families, and within the Family Health Program to invest in strategies for gerontological education.
Nanopartículas poliméricas associadas ao controle de formigas cortadeiras e busca de novas substâncias naturais com atividade antitumoral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-01-21)
Cazal, Cristiane de Melo
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Fernandes, João Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9190516393975207
PART I: Polymeric nanoparticles and bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation of Trichilia elegans e Trichilia catigua (Meliaceae) for the control of leaf-cutting ants Leaf-cutting ants are known as severe agricultural pests. Several compounds have been proposed for their control such as organophosphorus, pyrethroids and sulfluramid insecticides. However, non-target animals and environmental contamination are common problems and therefore new strategies to control these pests have been requested. In this context, this work involved the bioassay-guided study of T. elegans e T. catigua (Meliaceae) and also the development and characterization of three different nanoparticles, containing either ricinine, xanthyletin or rauianin for the control of leaf-cutting ants. Phytochemical investigations from active extracts and fractions have allowed to isolate 23 compounds (3 new), including sterols, coumarins, phenolic compounds, oxazol derivative, flavonoids and limonoids. The compound 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid (4''-carboxyl)-phenyl ester (14), from T. elegans, showed high biologic activity against leaf-cutting ants. Additionally, the limonoid cedrelone, from T. catigua, was active against the symbiotic fungus of leaf-cutting ants (L. Leucoagaricus gongylophorus). The solvent displacement technique adopted here showed to be very efficient for the preparation of nanoparticle formulations containing either xanthyletin or rauianin. In addition, a novel method was developed for the encapsulation of ricinine. These natural insecticides were nanoencapsulated for the first time and the results observed here showed a better activity, more water dispersivity and stabilization of nanoparticles if compared to free compounds.
Caracterização genética populacional e parentesco em Tapicuru, Plegadis chihi (Vieillot, 1817) (Threskiornithidae), do Rio Grande do Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-01-24)
Souza, Andiara Silos Moraes de Castro e
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Del Lama, Sílvia Nassif
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7757815946350726
The white-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi (Vieillot, 1817) (Pelecaniformes, Threskiornithidae) is a migratory waterbird that breeds in colonies in the southern of Brazil. In point of view of genetics, this species was not studied. In this study we genetically characterized two populations from Rio Grande do Sul, and we classified nestlings sampled inside the same nests in one category of relatedness (full-siblings, half-siblings or unrelated). We extracted DNA from 247 nestlings (either from growing feathers or muscle tissue) and amplified it by PCR. We screened 44 microsatellite heterologous loci developed for species belonging to: Threskiornithidae, Ciconiidae and Ardeidae families. Individuals were genotyped at successfully amplified loci, and six loci proved to be polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two (NnNF5) to 10 (Aaju3), and average expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.572 and 0.552, respectively. NnNF5 and Eru6 were excluded from the analysis of genetic structure since they are in linkage disequilibrium with Eru5 and Eru4, respectively. The AMOVA analysis showed that most of the genetic diversity is distributed within populations, and not between populations. The FST value, although small, was significant (0.009, p = 0.05), indicating that there is low differentiation between colonies studied. The results suggest that populations are structured and that little gene flow occurs between them. The ratio between males and females in our samples was not different from the expected 1:1. One hundred and six pairs of nestlings taken from the same nests, using Aaju3, Eru2, Eru4, Eru5 e Eru6 loci, were inspected for relatedness. Our analytical procedure allowed us to identify the kinship of 55% of the pairs. Among the classified pairs of nestlings we found: 62% of fullsiblings, 5% of half-siblings and 33% of unrelated nestlings. Relatedness categories found between pairs of nestlings are showing that genetic monogamy is not the only mating system, but extra-pair fertilization and brood parasitism can be occurring.
Influência das condições de eletrodeposição sobre a resistência a corrosão, susceptibilidade à fragilização por hidrogênio e à corrosão sob tensão do aço ABNT – 4340 revestido com liga Zn/Ni
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-01-28)
Calciolari, Fábio Luiz
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Kuri, Sebastião Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4416951586826865
Zinc-nickel alloys were electrodeposited on ABNT 4340 high strength steel in chloride acid media. The effect of the electrolyte composition and electroplating conditions on cathodic efficiency, chemical composition, morphology and phase structure of the deposits was evaluated regarding their influence on the corrosion resistance of the coatings, resistance to corrosion fatigue cracking, susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement of the coated part. The electrolyte composition, temperature and cathodic current density had influenced in a significantly manner the nickel content, phases structure, morphology and corrosion resistance of the coatings. In general, the amount of nickel and the fraction of phase in the alloys were promoted by decrease of current density, increase of temperature and nickel concentration in bath. The increase of the fraction, as well as the increase of the nickel content on monophasic alloys shifts the corrosion potential to more positive values and decreases corrosion current of the coatings. The results obtained allows to improve the knowledge about the relations between processing, structure and properties of electroplated Zn-Ni alloys in order to use these coatings on low alloy high strength steels components.
Estudo de produtos naturais e derivados sintéticos buscando inibidores seletivos das catepsinas L e V
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-01-31)
Marques, Emerson Finco
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Vieira, Paulo Cezar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0976272219606258
The present work describes the search of bioactive secondary metabolites in plant species of genus Zanthoxylum and synthetic derivatives seeking specific inhibitors of cathepsins L and V. The natural products are involved in approximately 50% of all drugs marketed. Cathepsins represent a class of enzymes that has the primary function of randomly degrade proteins at lysosomes, but are also involved in different pathologies, such as, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and various cancers. This work was carried out monitoring Zanthoxylum extracts by fluorimetric assays and by Highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the species studied, the most promising extracts were methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Zanthoxylum acuminatum, the latter being selected for isolation. The chromatographic methodology afforded the isolation of a triterpene: lupeol (1), the coumarins umbelliferone (2), heradenol (3), nordentatin (4), anisocoumarin (5), derivated of 6´,7´-epoxy-7-geranyloxycoumarin (6); canthinonic alkaloids 5-methoxycantin-6-one (7), 4,5-dimehoxycantin-6-ona (8); β-carboline alkaloid; 7-hydroxi-1-ethyl-β-carboline (9); and acridone alkaloid arborinine (10). All were tested at concentration of 25 mM and coumarin 5 inhibited over 50%, showing more activity and selective against cathepsin L. The value potency (IC50) of this compound was 30 μM for cathepsin L and 102 μM for cathepsin V. Furthermore, were determined the potency values, selectivity and mechanism of action acridones alkaloids isolated from Swinglea glutinosa, N-aryl anthranilic acids, synthetic acridone alkaloids and a series of alkaloids 4-quinoline-2-substituted. The most promising compound was the alkaloid acridone AC_05 with a IC50 of 0.5 μM and Ki of 0.18 μM. Moreover, the compound AC_05 presented as a competitive inhibitor against both cathepsins, which is consistent with the interaction model proposed by molecular modeling.
História da agricultura no município de Araras (SP) e a caracterização da restauração da mata ciliar no Ribeirão das Furnas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-01-31)
Quintas, Domingos Antonio Cerveira
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Stolf, Rubismar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786606684404295
The objectives of this study were to characterize the evolution of agriculture in the history of the city of Araras, SP and the study of the current stage of development of reforestation began in 1998 in the fragment of the riparian forest of Ribeirao das Furnas. The colonization of land in the municipality began in 1727 in a scenario where an estimated 82% of the land was occupied by forests and 18% were fields and swampy areas. There were distinct cycles of occupation and properties of lands that culminated in the current scenario of monoculture of cane sugar and a few fragments of native forest remnants. The almost total destruction of riparian vegetations during the colonial occupation, agricultural and urban of Sao Paulo, caused a large impact on water quality and its preservation. The heavy siltation of rivers and lakes undertook the main sources of supply. The Association of Environmental Preservation and Protection of Araras promoted the recovery of degraded areas, recomposing riparian vegetations, producing and planting seedlings of native species. Through four plots 5X20m equidistant, carried out the floristic and phytosociological survey, distributed in the central position in relation to the width of riparian vegetation. After the quantification and identification of species were applied index of diversity, equability and importance value of arboreal species. Were identified 48 arboreal individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm, grouped into 13 families, 19 genera and 22 species. The most important value, IVI, 52,84, was the species Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae). The indices of Shannon had amplitudes from 0,301 to 1,035 and the indices of equability in vii plots varied between 0,224 and 0,771, indicating the occurrence of gradients, characterizing the development of reforested vegetation is not uniform. The equability index (e) indicates that the forest is fragmenting into two islands of vegetation. Conclude that the restoration of forests is a process that goes beyond the planting of seedlings of arboreal species, demand fundamental care in the early years of the project, until the forest reaches a stage of development which allows its sustainability.
Estudo de populações de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake (Leguminosae: Caesalpinoidae) para avaliação do seu potencial invasor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-01)
Silva, Talita Ariela Sampaio e
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1292408753626328
Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake is a pioneer heliophyte species, with irregular and discontinuous dispersion. It is native and exclusive of Atlantic Rainforest, however, due to its high growth rate and to the shape of its crown, S. parahyba is recommended for forest restoration in areas of Tropical Semideciduous Forest. Currently, it has been questioned the use of this species in forest restoration. Considering that tree species that have 1) phenotypic plasticity and / or tolerance and 2) formation of persistent seed bank, are capable to keep stable populations in different environments, the hypothesis of this research is that S. parahyba can become invasive in Semideciduous Forest fragments. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the morphology and growth form of the species in the Atlantic Rainforest and Semideciduous Forest, as well as ontogenetic and spatial structures present in both physiognomies. This dissertation is divided into four chapters. Firstly, I contextualize and justify this research. Then, I make a brief description of physiognomies studied, as well as a characterization of sampling sites. In Chapter 3, I compare the allometric relationships and architectural models for the different populations. Finally, in Chapter 4, I compare the ontogenetic and spatial structures for the species between different sampling sites in order to detect whether the species is able to establish stable populations in Semideciduous Forest. After evaluation of morphological characters, populations were divided into four ontogenetic stages: a) seedling, b) juvenile c) subadult, and d) adult. The evaluation of the architectural model of S. parahyba showed no difference in the morphology of the crown of individuals between biomes. The allometry analysis showed that there were differences between the growth patterns of S. parahyba between biomes for seedlings and for the pooled data; however, allometric relationships had no difference between adults. The total individuals abundance in Semideciduous Forest was lower than in the Rainforest. We found no single pattern of ontogenetic structure for the studied populations. There were found individuals of intermediate ontogenetic stages in Semideciduous Forest fragments. In all populations, S. parahyba was distributed in aggregates; however, it was also found scattered individuals within the fragment. The results indicate that S. parahyba shows tolerance and plasticity in response to environmental differences, which are important characteristics when assessing the status of an alien species. Finally, from the results obtained, it can be assumed that S. parahyba may become invasive in fragments of Semideciduous Forest.
Ecologia populacional de Euterpe edulis e os efeitos da introdução de Euterpe oleracea na floresta atlântica no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-01)
Tibério, Fernanda Cristina dos Santos
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0662110481008557
The main objectives of this dissertation were to evaluate the risks of introduction of Euterpe oleracea in the Atlantic Rainforest and its influence over a native population of Euterpe edulis. We investigated the ecological and morphological features of these species also including pre-existing data about hybrids experimentally produced between them (Chapter 1). We did the populations sampling in two areas of Atlantic Rainforest, in southern São Paulo state: Carlos Botelho State Park (CBSP) and Ilha do Cardoso State park (ICSP). At CBSP, we sampled the co-occurring populations of E. edulis and E. oleracea and at ICSP we sampled the control population for E. edulis, which is free from E. oleracea introduction. We evaluated the characteristics of growth in diameter and height of these populations and its ontogenetic stages through the allometric relationships between diameter and height (Chapter 2). We also analyzed population ecology and distribution of these three species (Chapter 3). For the co-occurring populations we evaluated the fruit biometry and observed the frugivorous bird community (Chapter 3). Our results indicated that two Euterpe species may be well represented for the same ontogenetic stages and the three studied populations presented similar allometry. Concerning to population ecology we observed that E. edulis population at CBSP presents total individuals density lower that ICSP population. Both E. edulis populations do not show a significant aggregation. Population of E. oleracea shows a reduced N, high aggregated distribution and is also capable of dispersing itself outside the original range of plantation. We also observed that these species produce morphologically similar fruits but with different sizes, with bigger fruits from E. oleracea and smaller from hybrids. Finally, we detected that E. oleracea shares the same guild of frugivorous birds and may displace dispersers from E. edulis. We concluded that E. oleracea is capable to successfully establish, reproduce and disperse itself and, thus, it is an invasive species in Atlantic Rainforest. Its introduction affects ecological processes linked to pollination, gene fluxes and frugivore and seed dispersion. These changes may be related to genetic mixtures of populations and decreasing of population of E. edulis. Finally, the introduction of E. oleracea may perform one more threat to maintenance of E. edulis populations, which are already threatened by over exploitation.
Argumentação no ensino de Química: textos de divulgação científica desencadeando debates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-02)
Fatareli, Elton Fabrino
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Queiroz, Salete Linhares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7925870606416937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4581078685309440
A large body of science education literature suggests that argumentation plays a central role in science and should therefore maintain the same centrality in science education. However, opportunities for students to engage in argumentation inside the science classroom are rare. In light of the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a teaching strategy based on the debate on controversial socio-scientific issues to promote argumentation. The strategy involved in-class group work and individual efforts outside the classroom. After receiving science popularization texts on depleted uranium (DU), high school students worked on a set of questions designed to guide them through key chemical, environmental, and economic aspects of the text. The process culminated in a debate between pro- and anti-DU groups. To assess the quality of students argumentation, videotapes of group presentations were collected and analyzed using Toulmin s Argument Pattern and the Argumentation Model of Analysis Applicable to Processes of Resolution of Socio-Scientific Issues. The findings of this work support the idea that the debate based on socio-scientific issues is an effective strategy for enhancing students ability to argument.
Cinema e ideologia : a espetacularização e os discursos acerca do policial e do bandido na sociedade moderna
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-02)
Paulo, Sidney de
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3076572821762312
The fight between cops and robbers is not a recent theme in the history of cinema. In the case of Brazilian cinematography, we can find out in some works, a separation into two areas: police and robbers. However, what is curious to note is the fact that in such films as Carandiru, by Hector Babenco (2002), or O bandido da Luz Vermelha, by Rogério Sganzerla (1968) the villain seems to embody the hero, while it is up to police looks like a villain. Recently, in 2007, Jose Padilla has showed the public the film Tropa de Elite, in which the same signs got new directions, putting police, as bandit and hero, or villain. We realize, then, the multifaceted issues of the sign that is able to reflect and refract various groups and social realities. Porting an ideological character it must be recognized, as did the Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin. However, we also note that sense is neither the producer of film, neither the film nor the audience, but in a relationship product / movie / public. On the other hand, entering just a matter of describing the filmic utterance in order to establish who is the hero or the villain ends up becoming an empty study, since it does not seem to be the crux of the problem. The agenda of Capital in contemporary society no longer has the goods only material goods, it has expanded the concept and sell fear, longing and human dreams. The capitalist process works quite paradoxical, because it creates, at first, the need for something, to then sell this product. Through spectacularization the event, the figures of the police and the Bandit are the new modern goods. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a study of the meanings to these signs, designed in constant motion between the ethical and aesthetic world, according to Bakhtinian thought.