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A formação inicial em serviço : lugar de encontro e de (re) significação do ser-saber-fazer de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Ramos, Rosenaide Pereira dos Reis; Mizukami, Maria da Graça Nicoletti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505786125188829
This research focuses on teachers training and on the context of policies, practices, and modalities of higher education for in-service primary teachers according to The Law on Brazilian Education Guidelines and Bases (LDB) 9.394/96. The present study was carried out within the context of the performance of professors from Santa Cruz State University (UESC), in the state of Bahia, Brazil, who were also members of the professional team that worked on the process of development, implementation, and follow through of the curriculum development of the Pedagogy Course (2003-2007) of the PROAÇÃO - Program for In-Service Primary Teacher Education - provided for two hundred public school teachers in fourteen cities in the Southern region of the state of Bahia. According to the profile of the participants professional experience and the curricular activities developed, the object of study was defined as the course contributions to the teachers personal and professional dimensions. Based on the following question: How has the education process proposed by the PROAÇÃOUESC Pedagogy Course contributed for the teachers, who became students in the course, to find the (re) signification of the being-knowing-doing triad both personally and professionally? , the goal of this investigation was to indentify, analyze, and explain, from the teachers perspective, how the course, based on the development of the curriculum, has enabled the teachers to achieve personal and professional gains. In order to answer such question, considering the principles of a qualitative research approach and an analytical-descriptive study design based on theoretical and methodological considerations, this research was conducted with the collaboration of fifty former professors who answered a semi-structured questionnaire providing fundamental information to the understanding of some aspects of the course, such as the place for teachers to find the (re) signification of being-knowing-doing. The findings confirm the hypothesis of this study: the process of development and the practice and content of the curriculum of the Pedagogy PROAÇÃO-UESC, enabled the participant teachers to find their personal being and the professional knowing-doing resignifying their personal and professional practices. In addition, the results obtained also indicate the development of an educational process which corresponds to what researchers in education have been advocating in terms of considering the university as a provider of excellence in teacher education in order to, from the perspective of the identity and the personal and professional development, guarantee proper teachers education recognizing and valuing their knowledge, beliefs, culture, and values, and thus making them social agents with reflexive, critical, and innovative training committed to change people, contexts, and places.
Procedimentos e modelos para previsão de vendas e determinação de quotas na indústria calçadista: proposta e estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Mantovani, Almir; Fernandes, Flavio Cesar Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6987179879125144
Frequent changes in consumer behavior and the characteristics of complexity and competition involving the market demands constant innovation in products, technologies, management strategies and management systems, including the systems that make the integration between the company and its customers or suppliers, as well as systems that integrate or coordinate business processes. In this scenario, understanding and managing of the vendors and/or sales representatives of the company turn out to be an essential factor for the company to remain competitive in the market. In this light, the process of determining and allocating sales quotas appears as integral and important part of the sales management process, which allows, among other things, the evaluation of vendor performance toward the goals set by the company. The purpose of this thesis was to establish a set of procedures to forecast appropriately, sales in the footwear industry and from then on, build a model to determine sales quotas which meets the specific of a sector and integrate two important functions of the company: Sales and Production. Semi-structured interviews with sales professionals, as well as production planning and control were made to subsidize the development of the proposal. The evaluation of the proposal was made by means of a case study in a footwear company in the city of Franca (SP). It was concluded that demand management in the footwear industry, is connected to the quotas they should limit (directly or indirectly) to sales due to the production capacity available and the considered models, in this study, meet the criteria to the studied situation.
Estudo da influência do glicerol no processo de deposição de ligas Zn-Mn e nos depósitos de Zn-Mn
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Araújo, Eliene Leandro de; Carlos, Ivani Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666217445807782; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8172549887540022
The influence of glycerol additive on the electrodeposition process of Zn-Mn on Pt substrate from acid baths by means of cyclic voltammetry and the characteristics of the coatings by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) and of X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been studied. The voltammograms for deposition of Zn-Mn obtained with 0 to 0.63 M glycerol and boric acid 0.080 M or 0.24 M, were, in general similar (presence of the cathodic wave c0, two cathodic peaks c1 and c2, an anodic peak a1 and a2 region formed by an anodic waves). The efficiency of the process of electrodeposition of Zn-Mn increased with the concentration of glycerol and was it lower than 100%. The analyses of the coatings by SEM showed that those obtained in the deposition potential of -1.19 V were not uniform, consisting of crystallites of different sizes. The only exception was for the deposit obtained with GLY 0.32 M which was more uniform and covered all the substrate of Pt. The electrodeposit analysis obtained by EDX did not indicate this Edep codeposition of Mn with Zn for most of the coatings while for some we cannot assure the presence of Mn. Those obtained at Edep= - 1.53 V from baths containing 0.080 M - 0.48 M GLY were dendritic, while the ones obtained in the presence of 0.63 M GLY were refined showing that this concentration of glycerol acted as a brightener. The XRD analyses showed that the electrodeposits were formed from Zn, Mn, oxides and alloys of different compositions. The smaller size of the glycerol molecule related to boric-sorbitol complex did not prevent the codeposition of Zn and Mn did not lead to a more compact deposit and did not significantly alter the composition of phases.
Saberes e práticas de saúde em campo: um olhar antropológico sobre a estratégia de saúde da família na Praia Azul - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Coelho, Juliana Affonso Gomes; Cardoso, Marina Denise; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6527508770284131
The purpose of this research was originally the anthropological study of multidisciplinary teams of Family Health Program (PSF), realized from ethnography in a city of São Paulo, in which I intend to observe the interaction between different discursive fields and professional practices. It was noted, however, that the multidisciplinary teams studied could be divided into two types of teams: a hierarchical, formed by all legitimate health professionals (doctors, nurses and nursing assistants), and a more egalitarian, just conformed by Community Health Agents (ACS). Moreover, by exploring the theme through ethnographic research, was also shown that knowledge and health practices in the field were crossed by the paradigm of health promotion, which not only sought to reorient the demand of users of public health, but sought to transform them, through educational processes, in subjects of citizenship. For this, an analysis of this process was made, focusing particularly on the role and training of ACS, since they emerged not only as mediators between biomedical knowledge and popular knowledge, but also showed themselves capable of switching between these two roles: the interventionist state and the interlocutor of the community. Thus, if the ambiguity of the ACS reveal, on hand, the normative character of the strategy, on the other hand, showed an opening for the emergence of citizenship, which allowed the problematization of the health citizention project implicit in public health politics, as the coexistence of contradictory models within the same program and the same health equipment. Then we saw that the Family Health Strategy presents paradoxes and inconsistencies in the operationalization of the program, some of which may bind that it consolidates as a guideline of SUS and must be object of reflection, in order that the program does not become just a model manager without the effective care counterparty expected of a health care service in public health.
Um modelo de simulação de sistemas aplicado à programação da produção de um frigorífico de peixe
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Pereira, Carla Roberta; Costa, Miguel Antonio Bueno da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6148011136943940
The necessity for making production processes more efficient and effective is the desire of any organization. For this to become reality and does not generate high investment is necessary to use techniques that assist in improvement of the production process along with a appropriate schedule of productive resources. Among these techniques, the Simulation assists effectively those improvements, because it seeks to import the reality for a controlled environment, under several conditions, without physical risks and/or high costs involved. This technique becomes even more useful in growing markets, such as the tilapiculture. With the emergence of new fish processing facility, it is necessary a better organization in order to produce more adequately, serving its clients satisfactorily and expanding its business. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to develop a simulation model to assist the decision making about the production scheduling of a fish processing facility, located in the Sao Paulo state. To this end, it used as computational tool the software Arena, by Rockwell Software, and as research method the modeling and simulation, including in this the methodology SimuCAD and the development phases of a simulation model discussed by Banks (1998) and Law and Kelton (2000). With the construction of the model was able to work several alternative scenarios, testing different working hours, types of flows and production capacity, besides variations of the ending inventory in relation to sales. As result, it obtained a useful and differentiated model simulation to assist the decision making about production scheduling of fish processing facility studied, besides reducing the lead-time process and attending all the specific objectives established. At the end of this study, proposals for future research were suggested.
Concepções de relação ser humano-natureza nos livros de literatura infantil para o ensino fundamental do Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola 2008
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Caretti, Luciana da Silva; Zuin, Vânia Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5848010916368252
The model of society in which we operate does not guarantee and does not claim the right to a dignified life for all, since inequality prevails among the people. We believe that rationality is a greater bearing on the dichotomy between humans and nature is necessary for the construction of new forms of relating. Education emerges as a field of great importance to tackling environmental issues and to incorporate this dimension supports several methodologies, procedures, concepts and frameworks that guide the different practices in environmental education. In a critical perspective, environmental education role to assign collective participation and the educational work consistent with the pursuit of social and environmental transformation of reality. Concerned with the enhancement of life, with the present and future generations, to care for the environment, developing new ways of thinking about reality. These concerns must be present at school and also in materials that circulate in it, such as books, children's literature - rooted these ideals through reading, because we believe that when we read we get in touch with the world beyond, and from this experience, we have generated important tools for the formation of our own world. Aiming to encourage reading, the federal government implemented in 1997 the National Program for School Libraries (PNBE), which annually sends collections of various kinds of books to public schools in Brazil. This work attempts to draw a relationship between the books of children's literature and environmental education through the analysis of the works belonging to the collection for the school's 2008 PNBE addressing environmental issues. Aiming to understand the conceptions of environment present in books, guided by the classification Sauvé suggested in 2005 about the many relationships we have with the environment. The author has mapped current fifteen in environmental education, some of the older tradition and more recent. For the categorization of data, the method of discursive textual analysis. Our corpus consisted of seven books, each book was fragmented and subjected to categorization. To complement this categorization, we created a script in which proposing some parameters that are considered important in an approach to environmental issues. The communication of the senses in the books read was made by metatexts presented in text and systematized in tables. The mainstream was the naturalist and believe that one of the factors that enabled this occurrence were the creation dates of most of the works, between the years 1970 and 1990, by which time the currents prevailed earlier. According to the analysis we conducted, we noticed that most of the books offers many opportunities for work in the field of critical environmental education in the classroom, and good tools for problematizations about environmental issues and important tools in the formation of readers.
Desenvolvimento de eletrodos de carbono vítreo modificados com nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados imobilizados em filmes de hidrocloreto de poli(alilamina) para determinação de fármacos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Takeda, Humberto Hissashi; Fatibello Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7735490624385849
Research involving carbon nanotubes (CNT) have a great attraction since its synthesis to the technology application. As part of the work was studied the formation and the stability of a functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersion in a hydrochloride poly(allylamine) (PAH) polyelectrolyte solution 1.2 x 10-4 mol L-1 (MWCNTs/PAH) in order to use it for surface modification of a glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) by casting technique. Zeta potential measurements confirmed the stability of the MWCNTs/PAH dispersion. After this study were carried out modifications of GCE surfaces with the MWCNTs/PAH (GCE-MWCNTs/PAH) dispersion and found the electrochemical behavior of the film formed by cyclic voltammetry with potassium hexacyano ferrate (III) 6,6 x 10-4 mol L-1 in a potassium chloride solution 0, 1 mol L-1. The results proved the electrochemical effect provided by the MWCNTs and with the Randles-Sevcik equation we have obtained an active area for GCE-MWCNTs/PAH 1.2 times higher compared to the GCE bare. For further study, we evaluated the GCE-MWCNTs/PAH performance in a pharmaceuticals formulations with voltammetric and amperometric determinations, ciprofibrate, dopamine (DA), levodope (L-dopa) and carbidope. The ciprofibrate determination were measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and was used as supporting electrolyte a solution of sodium phosphate buffer 0.1 mol L-1 (pH 7,0). The analytical curve was linear in the ciprofibrate concentration range from 1.33 x 10-5 to 1.32 x 10-4 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 8.34 x 10-6 mol L-1. For DA determination was measured by amperometric measurement in a potential of 0.2 V in a phosphate buffer solution 0.1 mol L-1 (pH 7.0) as supporting electrolyte, and the analytical curve showed a linearity over the concentration range between 3.32 x 10-6 to 3.32 x 10-5 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 5.7 x 10-7 mol L-1. The L-dopa determination was done with the DPV and was used as a supporting electrolyte a sodium chloride solution (NaCl) 0.1 mol L-1. The analytical curve obtained showed a linearity over the concentration range of 2.00 x 10-6 to 2.72 x 10-5 mol L-1 and the limit of detection was 8.4 x 10-7 mol L-1. The carbidopa determination were measured by DPV and was used as a supporting electrolyte a NaCl solution 0.1 mol L-1 and the analytical curve xv showed a linearity over the concentration range of 2.00 x 10-6 to 2.34 x 10-5 mol L-1 and detection limit obtained was 6.50 x 10-7 mol L-1.
Pressupostos teóricos da perspectiva CTS (Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade) no contexto de cursos de graduação a distância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Leite, Ana Cláudia de Oliveira; Ferraz, Maria Cristina Comunian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2893153253924855; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5101413808842070
Each season brings new trends that influence the culture, economy and technology derived from the growth and development of society. Thus, after 90 years of the twentieth century saw the beginning of a period called the information age, characterized by globalization and the importance of intellectual capital, knowledge generation and sharing and use of information and communication technologies. In Brazil, among the changes that have occurred is the increase in offering distance learning courses: the federal government uses distance learning as a way to democratize access to public education, free high-quality, private institutions enjoy the opportunity to expand their areas of expertise and gain more and more students, and organizations envision the possibility of training and qualification of its professionals. The university, in turn, as a developer of the great centers of science and technology (S&T) also started to adopt distance learning as part of the plan of public policies for continuing education in Brazil. In this scenario, there is a broadening of debate about the fruits of experience in various fields of knowledge. The Movement for Science, Technology and Society (STS), whose roots date back to mid-twentieth century, seeks to demystify the S&T and public participation in decision making. From the vision of this movement, distance learning favors the acquisition of student autonomy as a subject of the learning process through collaborative action, to intervene directly in building a sustainable society. Offer subsidies to students to discuss scientific and technological issues that permeate the society, leading them to understand the social dimension of S&T, both in terms of their social background, as his social and environmental consequences. During this study, we used the method of hypothetical-deductive approach, the method of procedure and techniques of monographic literature search and content analysis, whose presentation and discussion of results are organized into seven chapters. In none of the pedagogical projects directly quoted the STS perspective on its structure, yet it is evident the presence of the indirect influence of this movement. By analyzing the results, it was found that the educational proposals of the courses offered by UAB/UFSCar allow students a better understanding of S&T as results of human knowledge socially constructed in order to complete their training as citizens. In this study, was also observed that the pioneering spirit and innovative vision of the project UAB/UFSCar, present in the educational proposals of undergraduate courses at a distance, may reveal and/or anticipate trends in distance learning in Brazil, contributing to its growth and scientific, technological and social development.
Influência do peso adicional e da prematuridade tardia no alcance de lactentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Toledo, Aline Martins de; Tudella, Eloisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0342907311451855
Reaching behavior is an important motor skill because its emergence is one of the first phases of the voluntary motor development during childhood. However, few studies have shown how intrinsic (such as prematurity) and extrinsic factors (such as additional weight) influence this ability. Objectives: This study has as main objectives: 1) to analyze the development of categorical reach variables in preterm and full-term infants, 2) to verify the effect of additional weight attached on the wrists of preterm infants, 3) to verify the need for age correction in the reach of preterm infants. Methods: This study evaluated longitudinally 9 preterm infants aged 5-7 month with mean gestational age of 35.6 (± 0.5) weeks and 10 full-term infants with mean gestational age of 39 (± 0.73) weeks. Both groups had normal birthweight and Apgar score above 7 in the first and fifth minutes. Categorical and kinematic reach variables were analyzed. The categorical variables analyzed were: a) proximal adjustments: unimanual and bimanual b) distal adjustments: hand orientation (vertical, horizontal or oblique), hand classification (open, closed and semi-open), c) grasping: successful and unsuccessful grasping. The kinematic variables measured were: a) mean velocity (MV): ratio between distance traveled and time spent in movement b) movement unit (MU): phase of acceleration and deceleration of the movement during the trajectory; straightness index (SI): ratio between the distance traveled by the hand and the smallest distance that could be traveled on this path. To meet the objectives, three studies were developed for this PhD thesis. Results: Study I was aimed at investigating the development of proximal and distal adjustments of the reach of low-risk pre-term infants in the age group of 5-7 months. The categorical reach variables were analyzed. It was observed that the unimanual reach frequency was greater than the bimanual reach throughout the study period, with no difference between ages in both groups; the frequency of vertical orientation of the hand increased significantly from the 6th to the 7th month in the preterm group and from the 5th to the 7th month in the full-term group; the increased frequency of open hand and decreased frequency of semi-open hand were significant from the 5th to the 7th month in the preterm and full-term groups; the frequency of successful grasp increased from the 6th to the 7th month in preterm and full-term groups. A higher frequency of open hand was found in the preterm group at the 6th month compared to the full-term group between groups. Study II aimed to determine the influence of additional weight and its immediate removal on the reaching of low-risk preterm infants at the age group from 5 to 7 months. The kinematic variables and the grasping were analyzed. It was found that additional weight has reduced the straightness index at the age of five months, increased the mean velocity and decreased the movement units in all age groups and increased the frequency of reaches without grasp at 5 and 7 months. The post-weight reduced the straightness index at the age of 5 months and increased the movement units at 6 and 7 months. Finally, study III aimed to assess the reach of low-risk preterm infants at corrected and chronological ages in order to determine the need for age correction to evaluate the reaching behavior. Comparing the preterm group with chronological age with the full-term group, the former had lower speed, more movement units, hand more horizontal and higher frequency of unsuccessful grasp at 7 months of age. In the pre-corrected age, preterm infants showed lower speed than the full-term group, but with successful grasping. Conclusions: considering the intrinsic restriction imposed by prematurity (considering the corrected age of preterm infants), it seems that it was not enough to prevent the performance of the reaching task in the age group studied. When checking the extrinsic restriction caused by additional weight, it was found that it significantly influenced the reach parameters of preterm infants and these results could support future researches aimed at intervention techniques with the use of additional weight in infants at risk.
Manutenção prescrita e manutenção real: uma abordagem baseada na atividade dos profissionais: o caso de uma indústria automobilística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Carvalho, Alex Luis de; Menegon, Nilton Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
This study aims to present the determinants of activity in real situations, characterized by variability and unpredictability inherent in production systems, as well as understanding and relevance of the requirements developed with the effective participation of professionals. With this purpose, we studied the activities of professionals (mechanics and electricians) from a maintenance area of an automotive industry in two real situations of intervention, an corrective and other preventive. Based on the methodological assumptions of Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA), as well as techniques of data collection, the real activity performed was faced with a prescription, showing many sources of variability, constraints and unexpected that are managed by professionals during the course of action mobilizing tacit skills, strategies for control of situations and actions not always conscious, which ensures really effective commitment between production and safety. The study results indicate that these prescriptions even tough developed with the effective participation of professionals, are inefficient for the live activity, showing how invisible it is their job to maintenance management, risks, project engineering and themselves. This finding was scrutinized in the discussion of the dissertation, aiming to the needs of acknowledgement and understanding of human live activity by all the organizations and professionals themselves so the importance of reflection on the events experienced in runtime. Finally, some proposals were suggested for changing the point of view and to reflect on the difficulties faced taking into account the perspective of a maintainer in the course of action focusing on considering the importance of the "during" and not just the "results" providing improvements to both company by increasing the reliability of facilities and for the professionals preserving their health and ensure their ability to work in the face of unforeseen circumstances and difficulties inherent in the process.
Estabelecimento de metodologias de análise do DNA livre plasmático para o diagnóstico pré-natal não invasivo: sexagem fetal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Rocha, Bruno Garcia; Matheucci Junior, Euclides; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4503704334231412; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5676405845397797
In this paper we proposed and analyzed methodologies using the technology of Cell-Free Fetal Nucleic Acid-Free (cffDNA = Cell Free Fetal DNA) in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD). Due to the modern technologies employed and their repercussion among the involved families, we sought to discuss some ethical, social and legal implications. Contrary to the popular belief that the placenta forms an impermeable barrier between mother and child, there is bidirectional traffic between the fetus and mother during pregnancy. Several studies have shown that not only intact cells but also fetal cell-free fetal nucleic acids (cffNA, ie, DNA and RNA) cross the placenta and travels in the mother's bloodstream. Four different applications of analysis technology were identified: cffDNA: a) Prenatal Sex Determination, used in pregnancies under the risk of sexual transmitted diseases and performed through the detection of the Y chromosome b) The diagnosis of certain diseases of a single gene through the detection of paternally inherited mutation c) Fetal Aneuploidy, such as Down syndrome, where chromosomal abnormalities may occur d) identifying the type of fetal blood in pregnancies under the risk of incompatibility, especially RhD. To carry out this work it was used the pre-natal determination of sex in 53 pregnant women at different gestational periods. For that it was proposed and tested methods of DNA extraction, amplification of DNA obtained by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and a new methodology called LAMP (Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification) and the analysis of final results. Furthermore, the efficiency of LAMP and PCR was compared by amplifying different segments of the Y chromosome: DSY14 and TSPY. In three cases the samples were discarded because there was no fetal sex confirmation after molecular tests due to loss of contact with pregnant women. In two other cases the results pointed to male fetuses whilst the ultrasound confirmed these fetuses as females due to contamination. Finally it was obtained 28 male samples (58.33%) with amplification of the sequences of the Y chromosome and 20 female samples (41.67%) that did not amplify the sequence of the Y chromosome but only for the control. These results showed that the amplification lamp is more efficient than PCR, in the analysis of DSY14, the limit of detection is 10 pg and 0.1 pg for LAMP and PCR respectively. It was concluded that the amplification using the LAMP method is faster (60 min) and has a high sensitivity and specificity and does not require sophisticated equipment for reaction if compared to the PCR method. These characteristics make this methodology feaseable in laboratories with limited resources.
Desenvolvimento de genossensores utilizando microbalança de cristal de quartzo e técnicas eletroquímicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Pedroso, Mariele Mucio; Faria, Ronaldo Censi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9851115714877073
The proliferation of toxic algae in different oceans leads to great economic losses and environmental damage the mortality of marine animals such as mollusks and fish due to neurotoxins that they release into the environment. The reasons that lead to algal blooms are not fully understood and thus the monitoring of algae is extremely important. In this sense, the genosensors appear as promising tools for the detection of toxic algal blooms in coastal waters, as they offer the possibility of in situ detection with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this project we studied the processes of hybridization of DNA molecules without the use of marker molecules using electrochemical and microgravimetric techniques. Probes were used as partial sequences of primers of the gene encoding the ribosomal RNA sub-unit of the microalgae Alexandrium species. These species of algae produce neurotoxins that can accumulate in shellfish and are responsible for harm to human health. The probe DNA was immobilized by chemisorptions on the surface of a quartz crystal oscillating at 9 MHz third harmonic, 27 MHz. After the grounding of the probe, the crystals were exposed to target DNA molecules with sequence complementary to the probe and hybridization process was monitored in real time. The percentage of the crystal surface coverage and hybridization kinetics were monitored by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The area of the crystal suffered no links were filled with the reagent mercaptohexanol (MCH) and observed an improvement in the efficiency of hybridization. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used as a system for detection of DNA probe immobilization and hybridization with its complementary target, without the use of marker molecules. These events were monitored through changes in the electrical properties of the lead in media containing the redox couple [Fe(CN)6 3-/4-] before and after immobilization and hybridization. The analysis of xviii the impedance spectra showed an increase in Rct after the formation of doublestranded DNA, while the capacitance values remained unchanged after the modification of the electrode. The use of MCH during electrochemical measurements increased the efficiency of hybridization, in agreement with results obtained with the QCM technique. The technique of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to evaluate the charge transfer process before and after modifications to the DNA molecules. The results obtained with the SECM technique (approach curves) are qualitatively in agreement with results obtained by the techniques of QCM, CV and EIS with the redox couple [Fe(CN)6 3-/4-]. A microarray for DNA was constructed and evaluated, showing a good response in the detection of different nucleic acid sequences simultaneously. The genossensor developed allowed us to distinguish between targets and probes with different sequences, complementary and not complementary. A procedure for the regeneration of genossensor was developed and allowed the reuse of the DNA biosensor twenty times, with the same sensitivity.
Avaliação da função cardíaca do teleósteo neotropical matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus: uma análise matemática e biomolecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Rivaroli, Luciano; Kalinin, Ana Lúcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9440942625741487
The ventricular myocardial contractility of the matrinxã teleost, Brycon amazonicus, was analysed in previous experimentation with isometric multicellular preparations, in time effect and force-frequency relationship experiments, with and without exposure to the alkaloid ryanodine, a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release blocker. In this study, different methodological approaches were used, such as isometric stress (EI, mN.mm-2), that permitted to identify the sensitivity of the myocardium to ryanodine, with the majority contribution of Ca2+ from the SR. The use of time to peak tension and time to half relaxation parameters (TPT and THR, ms) were ineffective to evaluate the contraction and relaxation performances during time effect experiments. New approaches such as contraction rates and initial relaxation rates (TC and TIR, mN.mm-2.s-1) demonstrated directly the impairment of the myocardium exposed to ryanodine. The negative staircase effect, characteristic of the teleost s forcefrequency relationship was evidenced by EI. The maximum rates of contraction and maximum rates of relaxation (TMC and TMR, mN.mm-2.s-1) and the average rates of contraction and average rates of relaxation (TMedC and TMedR, mN.mm-2.s-1) showed the impairment of the myocardium contractility exposed to ryanodine as well as the low sensitivity of frequency increments on the contractility when considered the values of TPT and THR. The TMedC and TMedR values indicated a greater possibility of heart rate regulation than the TMC and TMR values, probably due to these estimates consider the amount of instantaneous rate changes of contraction wave on calculation instead of just one point on the curve. The cardiac pumping capacity (CBC, mN.mm2.min-1) showed that the optimal range of frequency for isometric contraction is narrow and that the myocardium of the species should be working on the limit at rest. The analyses of integral of isometric tension (ITI, mN.mm- 2.s), and integral of isometric tension per minute (ITIPM, mN.mm-2.min), showed that these were unsuitable indexes for the assessment of cardiac contractility in the way they were calculated, as inconsistent interpretations were generated, probably by using information from the curve of contraction irrelevant to the isometric preparation. The contractility index (IC, mN.mm-2) created in this work, suggested that the myocardium contractility of the species is more sensitive to increases in frequency. On the other hand, the contractility index per minute (ICPM, mN.mm-2) showed that the optimum range of frequencies for the B. amazonicus myocardial contraction can be much wider and could allow performance reserve, such as reported in other studies of cardiac function in teleosts. The protein expression of SERCA2a and phospholamban (PLB) were analysed by Western Blot technique and their expression supported the findings of the SR functionality. The comparative analysis of these proteins, using amino acid sequences available in public databases (GenBank and UniProt), revealed levels of similarity between the SERCA2a and PLB in fish and other vertebrates, strengthened the findings of studies with Western Blot experiments. Taken together, the results suggest that B. amazonicus myocardium is dependent on SR Ca2+ stores under physiological frequencies and, despite the negative staircase pattern, must possess a performance reserve at supraphysiologic frequencies.
Análise da modulação autonômica cardíaca no pré e pósoperatório de cirurgia bariátrica e os efeitos de um programa de treinamento físico aeróbio em mulheres obesas mórbidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Castello, Viviane; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8573168804662842
Bariatric surgery has proven to be a helpful technique in the clinical treatment of obesity. In particular, gastric bypass surgery (CBG) has shown favorable results in terms of length of weight loss but also in long-term maintenance. However, it remains unclear whether a short period of surgery can improve the changes in cardiac autonomic nervous system that obese individuals have and if a program of aerobic exercise after CBG may contribute to the improvement of those changes. In this context, we proposed the development of two studies that could contribute with new information. The first study, entitled "Impact of aerobic exercise training on heart rate variability and functional capacity in obese women after gastric bypass surgery" aimed to evaluate whether a program of physical training with aerobic exercise for 12-week is capable of modifying the heart rate variability (HRV) and functional capacity of severely obese women 4 months after GBS (4GBS). Twenty-one women were randomized into a training group (TG) (submitted to an aerobic exercise program of 36 sessions) or control group (CG) and tested on two occasions: one week before the GBS (BGBS) and 4GBS through the variables anthropometric, body composition, record of heart rate (HR) and RR interval (R-Ri), and 6-min walk test (6MWT). The main findings were that only the TG showed a significant increase in HRV indices and the walking distance after 12-week of aerobic physical training. In conclusion, 12-week of aerobic physical training improves cardiac autonomic modulation and functional capacity 4GBS. The second study, entitled "Variability and heart rate kinetics during 6-min walk test in morbidly obese women - effects of an aerobic exercise training after gastric bypass surgery" aimed to evaluate whether morbidly obese women have altered kinetic HR and HRV during the 6MWD test, and determine whether 12-week of aerobic physical training after GBS can modify these indexes. Nineteen morbidly obese women were randomized to TG (submitted to the same physical training program that the previous study) or group without training (GST) and 12 eutrophic woman were evaluated in the CG. The women were evaluated in two occasions: BGBS and 4GBS through anthropometric variables, pulmonary function and recording of HR and R-Ri during the 6MWT. The main findings were that: (1) obese women showed alterations the index rMSSD of HRV and in the HR kinetics during the 6MWT, and (2) only the TG showed significant improvement of the HR kinetics during the 6MWT after physical training. In conclusion, morbidly obese women have a slow response of the HR kinetics and cardiac autonomic modulation during the 6MWT, and 12-week of aerobic physical training after GBS is able to accelerate these responses.
O trabalho em laboratório na indústria do petróleo: do procedimento à competência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Freitas, Elizabeth Garcia de; Menegon, Nilton Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8092451536879504
This dissertation has been realized in a chemistry analysis laboratory inside a Brazilian oil refinery. From the initial demand to project and build a new laboratory in a specific refinery, in order to attend the current work and the future work load increase, a key question was raised, the necessity to understand the laboratory work reality face the prescribed work. This case study has analyzed the labor in many subunits, or, Production Centers of the studied laboratory according to the Ergonomics Analysis of Work approach. It dares the necessity to understand the work organization, positioning the activity as central to the analysis, and unfold issues such the human relations at work. After doing the observations, transcriptions, analyses and auto-confrontation it was realized that, although the procedures prescription has been prescribed by the workers themselves, it was relatively simple and did not take into account the variety of activities. Therefore the workers resort of many means that were learned, created or incorporated to execute the tasks. These information, variability and situations are managed by the worker´s competencies, and are highlighted through specific skills, from previous and acquired knowledge, and from past experience. Due the competency to deal with work in this environment, it may be said that the workers adopt individual and collective strategies to manage the work, overcome the variability and the existing risks in order to produce reliable certifications ensuring health and productivity.
A possibilidade de uma transformação social em Horkheimer: da teoria crítica à critica da razão instrumental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-18) Guimarães, Nathalia Muylaert Locks; Maar, Wolfgang Leo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8746615407370574; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5678781521077855