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Aplicação de um programa informatizado de ensino de leitura e escrita por familiares de indivíduos com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Benitez-Afonso, Priscila; Domeniconi, Camila
Researchers have made great efforts on building effective teaching methodologies for learners with diverse repertoires. In this direction, a group of behavior analysts developed a computerized teaching program that has been widely used in laboratory context and has been recently used in school context. Satisfactory results have been obtained on teaching reading and writing basic skills in both contexts. The program, named Aprendendo a Ler e a Escrever em Pequenos Passos (ProgLeit), was developed based on literature on the formation of equivalence classes of stimuli. It has some of the features established as favorable for learning to read by anyone: speed and degree of difficulty are individually programmed and constant feedback is provided to the performance of the learner. Considering the positive results in controlled environments and school situation, it was possible to extend the controlled use of the teaching program to broader contexts, such as the student s residence. The application of the program in home context by relatives or families trained to monitor and record the sessions created the opportunity to benefit a greater number of children. This study evaluated reading learning by children with intellectual disabilities when trained on the tasks of Module 1 of ProgLeit by their relatives or families in their homes. Concomitantly, the behavior of relatives as ProgLeit monitors was evaluated. For this purpose, a computer with the program was provided for relatives for the duration of Module 1 application. The researcher had trained and supervised the relatives to provide constant monitoring and evaluation of results. Six students from a special school participated in this study, among which five have completed Module 1. Single subject design guided data analysis. Five out of the six students went from zero performance and less than 20% accuracy in reading words printed on pre-test for average performance in the pos-test was near to 89.3% for trained words and 52% for generalization words. Furthermore, they required a reduced number of sessions of each step to reach the learning criteria along the exposure to the procedure. These results replicated those obtained in studies conducted in laboratory and school settings with the same teaching program. The behavior of relative members as monitors was evaluated in terms of providing cues and application frequency. The number of cues provided by them decreased as the student reached the learning criteria in each step, showing greater efficiency teaching program to control the response of the learner. The control of some environmental variables related to the program application such as the local conditions where it is applied, the monitors training and the type of cue provided by them during the application may be important to obtain results even more promising for students with intellectual disabilities. The results indicate that the program application by relatives in the residence of the participants may be a promising learning condition for this population. Furthermore, data showed evidence of the generality of ProgLeit efficiency in other contexts as well as laboratory and school context.
Uma nota sobre o teorema de Borsuk-Ulam
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Ribeiro Júnior, José Roberto; Figueira, Fábio Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4114509001653395; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7375801203443744
The main objective of this work is to prove that the map B defined on F and taking values in B, where F is the set of all continuous functions from Sn to Rn and B is the set of all nonempty closed subsets of Sn, invariant under the antipodal map, which assign to each f 2 F the set fx 2 Sn; f(x) = f(��x)g, is continuous when the topology of F is the topology induced by the usual metric, and the topology of B is the upper semi-finite topology. Considering in F the topology induced by the usual metric, we will have that the finest topology in B such that the map B is continuous is the upper semi-finite topology.
Operações enunciativas e ensino de línguas: estudo de noções adversativas e concessivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Granato, Larissa; Onofre, Marilia Blundi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0620795101735606
This paper focuses on the relations between the adversative and concessive notions that are conveyed by the conjunctions and, also, on the operations that are accomplished in the generation and in the constitutive process of the enunciations where we can find this marks. The research intents to observe how the enunciation construction and organization translate the intersubjective relations. In this way, the parlance is treated as an interaction mean and we aim to analyze its implications on the language teaching/learning process. In order to discuss this matter, we observe how students in different levels produce meaning in theirs texts. To do so, we chose theoretical proposals that we considered essential to enunciative studies, such as Theory of Enunciative Operations by Antoine Culioli, through which we intent to propose speculations around the notion concept. This author s work approaches the articulation between parlance and natural languages and, furthermore, between texts production and grammar, through the representation (the perception the subject has about himself and the world around him how he reads the world), referential (dialogue establishment through discursive materialization discursive-lexical-grammatical marks) and regulation (mediation process between interacting interlocutors) operations, which are presented as responsible for the dialogical process constitution. We emphasize, in this way, the importance to propose an enunciative grammar in the teaching process that can approach these operations. We believe that this perspective change is fundamental not only to researching purposes, but as well to teaching.
História da educação no Brasil : um estudo bibliométrico de teses e dissertações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Cadamuro, Liz; Hayashi, Carlos Roberto Massao; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9136586124586219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6901282493312057
The growing demand for information along with a higher education policy effectively amounted to graduate to a higher level, changing its focus from simple teacher trainer for studies in applied research, especially in science and technology. Given this scenario it was found the need to create mechanisms that can assess the progress of science itself and this process was through the investigation of scientific production. Were created methods and tools to quantify and assess the scientific literature and among the many we can highlight bibliometrics. Through bibliometric analysis tools is impossible to quantify data and identify patterns. The work is justified by the absence of evaluation research in the field of history of education and also tries to fill a gap in studies that use theses and dissertations as an object of study. It aims to continue the studies aimed at mapping the area of education in Brazil, and identify what else has been researched, analyze bibliometric indicators and reflect on the distribution of subjects, represented here by lines of research offered in the country. This case study will be exploratory and explanatory because it aims to deepen understanding of the reality of trying to explain why problems. The research is given by the theses and dissertations that are inserted in the CAPES Theses Database. Underscore the role of CAPES as one of the main articulators of the evolution of graduate education in the country. As a tool of analysis used the Vantage Point software, which can transform files in TXT format a list divided into categories, which facilitates the processing and data analysis. Following this line of research we want to better understand not only the course of history in the area of education, but the area of education as a whole. It was possible to identify certain patterns within the scientific theses and dissertations, for example, major themes, key words being used, the main areas of knowledge and historical periods. We also collected quantitative data about type of work, higher education institutions, year, gender, funding, among other things. Thus it was possible to draw a general picture of the current stage of research development in the history of education, with everything and can serve as basis for further studies.
Desenvolvimento de minissensores de filme de bismuto para a determinação voltamétrica in loco de atrazina, diquat e paraquat em águas naturais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Figueiredo Filho, Luiz Carlos Soares de; Fatibello Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3210207943263219
The development of bismuth film electrodes (BiFE) and minissensors/BiFE for application to the development of electroanalytical procedures for determination of atrazine, Diquat and Paraquat using voltammetric techniques as square wave (SWV) and differential pulse (DPV) is reported in this work. It was chosen to combine the working electrode (BiFE), pseudo-reference (silver glue) and counter (copper) in the same bracket for easily locomotion of the electrochemical system for field analysis. Copper plates of printed circuit were used as substrate and nail polish was used as an electrical insulator to limit the active area. Thus it was possible to make a minissensor with low cost. For the first procedure developed it was determined atrazine in natural waters using BiFE and DPV after the optimization of experimental conditions was obtained an analytical curve linearity for the range from 6.6 x 10-7 to 2.0 x 10-5 mol L-1, with a limit of detection of 1.4 x 10-7 mol L-1. Subsequently, parameters of the SWV technique for determination of Diquat in water samples were studied using BiFE and minissensor/BiFE and the linear correlation was obtained for a concentration range from 1.9 to 5.6 x 10-7 x 10-6 mol L-1 and from 1.9 x 10-7 to 9.3 x 10-6 mol L-1 respectively, and the limit of detection obtained were 8.7 x 10-8 mol L-1 and 8.9 x 10-8 mol L-1. Finally a procedure was developed for the determination of Paraquat using BiFE and minissensor/BiFE by DPV. For the BiFE a linear relationship was obtained for the concentration range from 6.6 x 10-7 to 4.8 x 10-5 mol L-1, with a limit of detection of 9.3 x 10-8 mol L-1. After being selected the best experimental conditions for minissensor/BiFE, it responded to a linear concentration range from 6.6 x 10-8 to 3.9 x 10-6 mol L-1 with a limit of detection of 1,2 x 10-8 mol L-1.
Centro de Apoio Pedagógico : avaliação dos serviços CAP-MA para educação de pessoas com deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Pereira, Josefa Lídia Costa; Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0621869920121540
This study aims to analyze the impact of services developed by the Center for Educational Support Services for People with Visual Impairment of Maranhão (CAP-MA) in the period 2001 to 2008, based on documentary surveys, observations of services provided for the visually impaired and the general community and in conversations among students, responsible students, and professionals (teachers, technicians of the CAP). The CAP-MA is a federal initiative in partnership with the State of Maranhão and aims to offer a quality educational services to students with visual impairments. The study included 28 teachers from the CAP, ten students with visual impairments, five technicians, responsible for seven blind students and 30 course participants from the community. Were used to collect data three instruments: observation script, documents with information on professionals and students and interview guide. Data collection followed the ethical and methodological referrals needed. For the analysis of data treatment was used qualitative content analysis through the categories captured in different sources. The results showed that both teachers, students, parents, coaches and community in general value the services provided by the Support Center. The teachers feel satisfied with the dynamics of services developed and recognize that the CAP has grown with every passing year. Admitted that it still needs constant deployments because the demands are manifested differently each year. Technicians in turn see the actions of the CAP progress are acquired with commitment of all involved in the process. Working with the heads of students and the proposal to list them on the labor market has been very important nowadays. The family showed feel satisfied with the actions for their children and their families. Students appreciate the new shares of the CAP over the other contest some services due to length of service for those who are placed in regular education. Considering all that has been treated in the results can be inferred that the work of the CAP in general, has brought good results for the population of visually impaired people from across the state. Progress was made over the years, not only the quality of care for students with visual impairments, as well as professionals and the wider community. Partnerships and dissemination has facilitated the recognition of the importance of these services. The State Government is fulfilling its responsibilities as a partner in the federal government, signed since the implementation of the CAP in 2001, the State of Maranhão. Finally, it is important to value the suggestions of professionals, students, family and community at large about the progress of the Center's services to detect, through the.
Mobilizando-se para resgatar a vida através do implante coclear: a experiência da família da criança com deficiência auditiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Vieira, Sheila de Souza; Dupas, Giselle; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9461883918498554; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5466081448977540
This work scoped to comprehend the experience of the cochlear implant user auditive deficient child‟s family, more precisely to understand its role, identify the changes into the everyday life, describe the strategies which are in between the cohabiting with the auditive deficiency in the childhood, and, to acknowledge the structure, the development and the family functionality. This research is about a qualitative work having the Symbolic Interactionism and a The Grounded Theory as theoretical and methodological references respectively. To obtain the data we used genogram, ecomap and consented interview semistructured. Nine families participated in the study, reaching a total of 32 participants. The data analysis permitted us build up seven thematic categories: In seeing an idealized future pulling down, Seizing to the hope of implanting, Battling for results, Facing hard moments, Recognizing that she doesn t face it all alone, Learning to overcome, and Having the life rescued by the cochlear implant, which compose the phenomenon: MOBILIZING TO RESCUE THE FAMILY LIFE THROUGH THE COCHLEAR IMPLANT, by which we comprehend this experience. We learnt that the implant altered the path of their lives and it permitted the family resignify the deafness. It is like a passport which makes possible to the child to live in the world with less difficulties, more independency and autonomy, and with more chances of a personal, social, academic and professional future of success like any other child. The results show us that it is indispensible to make the family participate actively into the child‟s linguistic development and let the communication skill be worked, for its role as protagonist in the process of rehabilitation and constant stimulation showed us to be evident. We expect that this work may help and conduct the professionals involved in the area to care for the families of auditive deficient children, specially the implanted ones, taking into account the familiar perspective in its professional practice. And we make an invitation to the Nursing Field to approach those families into the reality and to the complexity of the experience of the cochlear implant in the childhood, in order to appropriate the knowledge of this issue, act and exercise their practices.
Estudo fitoquímico de Virola sebifera associado ao controle de formigas cortadeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Bicalho, Keylla Utherdyany; Fernandes, João Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0179945153931179
Leaf-cutting ants are considered one of the main pests that affect Brazilian agriculture. To control this pest are employed, most often, halogenated, sulfurous and phosphorus compounds. However, the continued use of these compounds leads to problems such as the emergence of resistance by insects, soil and underwater contamination e most of them affect many non-target species, may cause environmental imbalance and thus raising the needed of search for new compounds that are more selective and less damaging to the environment. From this perspective, the present work presents a phytochemical study of the specie Virola sebifera and evaluation of the insecticide and/or fungicide potential of the crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds against the leaf-cutting ants, Atta sexdens rubropilosa, and its symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. One of the techniques employed to the phytochemical study was the high-speed counter-current chromatography and it was confirmed the efficiency of this technique and the importance of choosing a suitable biphasic solvent system for the desired separation. In this work were isolated and/or identified three acylresorcinols, four lignans and five flavonoids, being all the flavonoids the first time reported for this specie. From the biological tests with leaf-cutting ants, it was found that the methanol extract of leaves of Virola sebifera and theirs fractions showed insecticidal activity as a result of the synergistic effect of their chemical composition. The bioassay with the symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, revealed great fungicide potential of the isolated lignans, mainly the lignan (-)-kusunokinin, which exhibited 100% of inhibition of mycelial growth.
A intensificação das contradições das práticas institucionais induzidas pela atual cultura da universidade pública: o caso da FEMEC-UFU
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Stopa, Lia Bernardes Basile Silveira; Silva, Eduardo Pinto e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9742592154608581
This work has the objective to analyze the perspective of the research professors (―professores pesquisadores‖) about the possible consequences of the work intensification, on the graduate level, for the teaching and other activities at the undergraduate level. Such process occurred in the context of the adjustment of the national economy to the capital mundialization, and the reform of the State apparatus. It established a north to the reconfiguration of the identity of the public universities and brought consequences for the teaching work. To meet our objective, 13 semi-structured interviews were realized with the teaching personnel of FEMEC-UFU. This university have been chosen with basis on the data and the research analysis of Sguissard and Silva Júnior, as published in their book ―O trabalho intensificado nas Federais: pós-graduação e produtivismo acadêmico - 2009. The results presented in this book and the fact that the FMEC graduate course received grade 6 are suggestive of a high productivity as well as an intensification of the teaching work. The interviews were analyzed by a systematization of subtopics arisen from an attentive lecture. These subtopics CAPES, work intensification, techno-scientific production (academic productivism), public-private partnership (PPP), young professors versus old professors, philosophy and organization of the teaching unity... or department... are closely related to our objective and to our research object. Such procedures revealed the complexity as well as the contradictions existing in the relationship between the graduate and undergraduate university practices. Ou research hypothesis was partially corroborated by the analysis of the data we obtained. In view of the current conjuncture of the work of the FEMEC-UFU professor-engineer, it is possible to affirm that there is indeed a tendency that his graduate activities superimpose the activities he might develop at the undergraduate level. However, in view of changes on the work system, some professors that already have a consolidated career have chosen to leave the graduate teaching and be active on the research work and on the undergraduate teaching. In this way, these professors believe to be to more loyal to their values and education ideals. There some professors that left the graduate work to seek recognition by working at the coordination level of a new undergraduate course. Moreover, another aspect that appears from our study is that the work of the ―professor-engineerresearcher‖ [in partnership with some industry] consumes most of the time that he could dedicate to his activities at the undergraduate level, and in some cases, at the graduate level. It is important to remember that such ―extra-school‖ work is induced by public bids, reconfiguration of public universities, and the incentive of the PPP s, in a context of increasing demand of both the productive and enterprise sectors for technological knowledge. Also, assuming adminstrative positions and, therefore, participating of the university administration difficult developing teaching activities in the graduate or undergraduate levels. The immaturity or the unpreparedness of students were also considered as factors that render the work at the graduate or undergraduate levels a strenuous task. Finally, in the vision of some professors, the exigencies of the work at the graduate level tend to be considered natural and even justified. Such demands could, in some circunstances, make possible a better sinergy between the two levels of education, graduate and undergraduate. The laboratories [thereby, the practical classes] could be greatly improved. Therefore, more students could be atract to the courses it worth to remember that, after all, students are important inputs for the researches and publications.
Comunidades planctônicas e qualidade da água em reservatórios tropicais urbanos com diferentes graus de trofia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Almeida, Viviane Lúcia dos Santos; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4731792199176673
The influence of temporal and spatial gradients on the physical and chemical variables, phyto- and zooplanktonic communities were evaluated in two shallow urban reservoirs with different trophic state from Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil. Monthly samples were taken during a complete hydrological cycle (March 2008 to February 2009), considering a point of study in the Prata reservoir and two points in the Apipucos reservoir, always between 08:30 and 11:00. Biological indexes for planktonic communities were used to understand better the effect of water quality conditions on biota. High levels of eutrophication were observed in the Apipucos reservoir. In the Prata oligotrophic reservoir, the pH was ever considered acid. The values reported for physical and chemical variables and chlorophyll a reflected the trophic state of each system. Higher values for richness, diversity, density and biomass of plankton communities were recorded in the Apipucos reservoir, especially for phytoplankton. However, phytoplankton evenness was higher in the Prata reservoir, while for zooplankton the values obtained in both reservoirs were very similar. Rainfall governed the temporal dynamics of the analyzed variables, and the seasonal variation exerted great influence, especially in the Apipucos reservoir. Aquatic macrophytes seeming to exert a prominent role in the ecological processes in the studied environments. In general, vertical homogeneity of water column was evidenced in both reservoirs, probably caused by the wind action. In Apipucos reservoir, the point 2 showing the higher phosphate nutrient levels and more severe deterioration conditions of water quality, in relation to point 1. Despite the low densities recorded for the toxic cyanobacteria species present in the Prata reservoir (Dolichospermum sp. Geitlerinema amphibium and Lyngbya spp.) it is highlighted the need for a periodic monitoring of population development of these organisms. It is suggested that the zooplankton community do not exerts significant grazing pressure on phytoplankton in both reservoirs, indicating the predominance of the bottom-up on the top-down effect in the control of planktonic populations. The biological indexes for planktonic communities were effectives in assessing water quality in both reservoirs, emphasizing the potencial of these organisms in the characterization of environmental conditions of aquatic systems. Overall, the hypotheses tested were confirmed, especially regarding the influence of trophic state on the physical and chemical variables, composition, diversity and structure of phytoand zooplankton. However, it is noteworthy that seasonality had greater influence in the Apipucos eutrophic reservoir, while in the Prata reservoir only few variables presenting a significative seasonal variation.
A constituição do enunciado nas provas do ENEM e do ENADE: uma análise dos aspectos semiológicos da relação língua-imagem sob a ótica dos estudos do discurso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Santos, Jocenilson Ribeiro dos; Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8985943014913431
This research was developed into studies of discourse, which centrality is defined from the analysis of the mechanisms of enunciation institution in exams of Brazilian evaluation in order to study the relation language-image. The corpus of analysis is constituted by exams of Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) and Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (ENADE) in the editions of the years between 2004 and 2009, that means 7 exams of ENEM and 6 of ENADE. Before defining this temporal cutting, we have studied the six editions of ENEM that happened before 2004 in order to know the operation of the exams during the years. The general goal of this research was to understand that manners of evaluation of linguistic-discursive ability, having in mind the relation between language and the images in the production of sense presented in national systems of evaluation in High School and graduation by the two exams here evidenced. Our specific goals are: a) to analyze the relation established between the language and the image(s) presented in evaluative questions of ENEM and ENADE in the chosen period; b) to identify the theoretical assumptions involved in questions of this modality; c) to study the frequency and regularity of questions that present multimodal texts in the 12 editions of ENEM and in the 6 of ENADE; and d) to evaluate the relevance of the proposition of analysis from the theoretical frameworks of studies of discourse. It has been working as theoretical-analytical foundations the contributions based on the theory of Discourse Analysis of French filiation founded by Michel Pêcheux and his group, in the discursive formulations of Jean-Jacques Courtine and on the contributions of Michel Foucault for the discourse theory. We also bring the reflections of Émile Benveniste and, especially, of Roland Barthes about language from the semiological point of view in order to study the production of sense on imagery and mixed language. There are present on our work the notions of utterance, discourse, file, discursive memory, interdiscourse and historical semiology through which we developed methodologically the analysis. The corpus was basically organized according to three criteria: the coincidence in 2004 of the ENADE institution that would replace the old provão with the institution of PROUNI; the rise of number of images in the exams of ENEM; and the highlights of both exams that presented the image as the object of reading and comprehension that would be the responsible by the evaluation of student/candidate. The study brings three analytical ways: a) one in which we conducted a survey of exams, organizing the corpus, classifying the questions and observing the possible theories that were around the evaluation of those exams; b) another one showing the theory that has language, image or both correlated as object of study; and c) the analysis from the theoretical assumptions of discourse in order to study the mixed text as discourses materializations. We can present as findings some results: in the last Five years, there was a progressive attention to the imagery text in the evaluation systems that we are studying; in some occasions, the image is not only a mere flavor or didactical text, it is the object of interpretation; there is not a theory that is dedicated to reading and comprehending the image, which becomes a responsibility of the goals of the question to present a theory that often turns to verbal text or to them/content, making the image not an object of analysis, but as materialization or vehicle of a content that serves the analysis students.
Adaptações no controle postural estático e dinâmico durante a gestação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Moccellin, Ana Silvia; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6059568175090168
Pregnancy causes considerable physiologic, hormonal and anatomic changes in women that may affect the lower limbs and trunk movements, lead to instability of postural control and increased risk of falls, causing a direct impact on mother´s health and quality of life. We conducted three studies to examine the changes in static postural control (STUDY I), in dynamic postural control (STUDY II) and the relationship of these changes with quality of life (STUDY III) of 13 pregnant women during the gestational period (G1, G2 and G3), and a control group of 29 non-pregnant women. For static postural control assessment, a force plate (Bertec®) was used and to assess the quality of life was used the WHOQOL-Bref. In STUDY I posturographic tests were applied in four still standing positions, for three trials, with a combination of different visual conditions (eyes open - EO/eyes closed - EC) and support base configurations. The variables analyzed, derived from the center of pressure (COP), were statokinesigram, displacement amplitude, displacement velocity and sway frequency. In STUDY II were analyzed variables of ground reaction force during the stance phase of gait: time and value of the first peak (P1), second peak (P2) and the valley of the vertical component; time and maximum and minimum value found in the anteroposterior horizontal component (max Fy / min Fy) and the difference between the maximum and minimum values in the mediolateral horizontal component ( max min Fx). And in the STUDY III we used data from the first two studies, plus the assessment of quality of life of pregnant women. The results demonstrate that, early in pregnancy, the woman's body seems to be already adapted for postural control, probably due to hormonal factors, and during the trimesters there was a decrease in postural stability. Compared to the control group, pregnant women had larger areas, an increase in the amplitudes and velocities of COP displacement, more time in the first phase of weight acceptance, lower values of peak 1 and 2 of the vertical component and lower maximum and minimum values of anteroposterior horizontal component of ground reaction force, possibly indicating a reduction in speed and thrust of the gait. With respect to quality of life, the physical domain was the most affected in the first trimester, with lower values mainly during late gestation.
A regulação da atividade de trabalho na produção enxuta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Silva, Elaine Cristina; Bento, Paulo Eduardo Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4122375443585346
The use of lean manufacturing principles and techniques has been increasing considerably in companies over the past couple of decades. The employment of such techniques prompts profound transformations on both the project and work organization of the company that chooses to employ them. By this approach, companies that embrace the lean manufacturing model gain flexibility, acquire new principles, and adopt new techniques which enhance their manufacturing process management as well as their workforce management, supported upon the motivation of the worker as he performs his activities, upon team-work, and stimulated by qualification and engagement at work. The objective of this study is to deepen the knowledge of how workmen develop strategies and regulate work activities in productive situations that are planned and managed through principles and techniques based upon the lean manufacturing concept. In order to more clearly analyze the theme studied, a case study was conducted in the assembly line of a company that incorporated the lean manufacturing model to manage its manufacturing process. Work was analyzed through the analysis of activity, based on the precepts of the Ergonomic Analysis of Work. The case study certified that many aspects of the traditional assembly line remain evident in the lean assembly line; however, a new language is employed, due to the new culture and the more flexible model of lean manufacturing. Within the work situations that were analyzed in the case study, it was possible to establish some relevant aspects in the nature of regulations in which their relation to the lean techniques influence the strategies and operational modes of the workers during the process. Despite the diminishment of regulated space which takes place due to the application of lean manufacturing techniques, the operators continue to regulate work activities and fulfil production goals.
Análise discursiva da literatura como dispositivo enunciativo : o caso de Cadeiras Proibidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Ponsoni, Samuel; Baronas, Roberto Leiser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6739815431846441
In Brazil, between 1964 and 1985, it was settled in the state s power a dictatorial regime led by the military that has restricted many civil and human rights of individuals or institutions that maintained political and ideological position against this repressive government. Although constrict by institutional censorship, artistic expressions of several kinds have not ceased entirely. There was resistance. Thus, given the importance of these art manifestation during the period as an attempt of escaping from the imposition of discursive silence, between them, literary manifestations, there are some studies which the goal is to reflect on the historical conditions that the works, by chance, carry with them: a background that covers the works; or studies in which structural, regulatory or styles made: an esthetic form that compose them. These researches are given in various theoretical lines, connected to literary theories, or linked to social theories. From another theory viewpoint, our objective with this thesis is to try to analyze what were the conditions of possibility of discursive enunciation, of a collection of short stories, published in Brazil during the historic period referred, analyzing it as an enunciative device of communication basically in two possibilities: a paratopic creation and scenography. For this, we took Cadeiras Proibidas by Ignacio de Loyola Brandão, for analysis, and from the assumptions listed, take it to a set of hypotheses, from authorial position in a literary field to the linguistic-discursive forms in scenography, in which the tales are engendered, making the text of the work its own regulation context. Therefore, mobilizing discursive analytical categories, especially those done by Dominique Maingueneau, but with nuances of other theorists of discourse analysis of French orientation, and try to answer these hypotheses and work analysis.
Preparação de derivados de β-glicosidase por imobilização em suportes sólidos derivatizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Borges, Diogo Gontijo; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0603635447049117
B-glucosidase (BG) is an important enzyme for several biotechnological applications. This enzyme plays an important role in hydrolyses of lignocellulosic biomass in order to produce second generation ethanol (2G ethanol). The enzimatic hydrolysis of cellulose requires the sinergystic action of endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases. Endo e exoglucanases are strongly inhibited by cellobiose and its accumulation into reaction medium decreases the hydrolysis rate. The supplementation of the reaction medium with BG can reduce the inhibition effect, leading to higher conversions of cellulose to glucose. In this work, BG was immobilized on different solid supports in order to obtain an active and stable derivative to be used in hydrolyses of sugarcane bagasse. BG was immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose (GA) and polyacrylic matrix (MP) at 25oC and pH 9.0 and 4.8, respectively. To improve the immobilization yield on glyoxyl-agarose at pH 9.0, a chemical amination of the enzyme surface was required. However, BG was inactivated during the immobilization reaction due to alkaline conditions that are required to immobilize enzymes on glyoxylagarose support. Nevertheless, the presence of a competitive inhibitor (glucose) during immobilization of BG preserved about 70% of the initial activity. However, the reduction step with sodium borohydride (end point of the reaction) drastically reduced the derivative activity even in the presence of glucose. The BG immobilization in presence of competitive inhibitor allowed the preparation of a derivative approximately 4 times more active than one prepared in inhibitor absence. On the other hand, the best derivative was prepared adsorbing the enzyme on polyacrylic resin covered with carboxylic groups. After four hours of reaction, the immobilization yield and the recovered activity were ca. 71% and 97%, respectively. Pretreated sugarcane bagasse (10% w/v, dry basis) was hydrolyzed at 50oC, pH 4.8 (50 mM sodium citrate buffer), for 24 h, using soluble cellulase (Acellerase 1500) in the enzyme/substrate ratio of 20 FPU/gcellulose. Hydrolyses under same conditions were performed by supplementing the reaction medium with BG immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose (BG-GA) or BG immobilized on polyacrylic resin (GA-MP) in the enzyme/substrate ratio of 120 U/gcellulose. Five batches were performed under - xi - conditions described above by reusing the immobilized BG and non-converted cellulose after thoroughly washing with distilled water. The supplementation of the reaction medium with immobilized BG enhanced the cellulose conversions in all batches. This behavior is due to the fact that BG removes cellobiose from the reaction medium, avoiding its accumulation, which could inhibit the endoglucanases and exoglucanases. However, a decrease of the cellulose conversion after the second batch was observed (cellulose conversion decreased from ca. 50% to 15-25%). Anyway, this work shows that supplementation of the commercial enzymatic complexes with immobilized BG is advantagous. However, the stabilization of the immobilized BG is still required.
Síntese, caracterização e estudo das propriedades eletrônicas de heterocomplexos formados por 4, 4’, 4”, 4’’’, tetrassulfoftalocianina de cobalto (II) e tetrakis(N-metil-4- piridil)porfirina de cobalto (II) e formação de filmes Layer-by- Layer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Tasso, Thiago Teixeira; Moreira, Wania da Conceição; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3016270106775634; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6831450941039180
This work reports the synthesis, characterization and investigation of the electronic properties of heterocomplexes formed by cobalt(II) tetrakis(N-methyl-4- pyridyl)porphyrin (CoTMPyP) and cobalt(II) 4, 4 , 4 , 4 , tetrasulfophtalocyanine (CoTsPc) in solution and thin films. Spectroscopic titrations were performed using solutions of the CoTsPc and CoTMPyP macrocycles, and the heteroaggregates stoichiometries were investigated using Job s method. The Job s plots pointed to the formation of supramolecular arrays containing higher proportions of CoTsPc. It was possible, for the first time, to isolate species formed in solution by changing the medium s dielectric constant. After characterization of the isolated species, it was verified that, despite the different stoichiometries, only one heterocomplex was formed, composed by two molecules of CoTsPc in terminal positions and one CoTMPyP molecule. The triad was characterized by mass spectrometry and UV-vis and i.v. absorption spectroscopy. Strong interactions between the charged substituent groups of the CoTsPc and CoTMPyP macrocycles were observed, in addition to the significant changes on the macrocycles electronic levels, due to the coupling of the electronic densities in the face-to-face array. Thin films containing the precursor macrocycles and the triad were grown using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique. LbL films of CoTsPc with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) polymer and CoTMPyP with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) polymer were grown up to 30 bilayers. The CoTsPc and CoTMPyP macrocycles, in the mixed LbL films, behave independently, without formation of heteroaggregates during bilayers deposition. Triad s LbL films, using PAH as polyelectrolyte, were also obtained up to 15 bilayers. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of the LbL films demonstrated the coupling of the macrocycles electronic densities in the triad, through changes in the redox potential of both rings and metallic centers.
Natação para bebês com necessidades especiais: efeito de um programa de estimulação aquática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Basso, Aline; Munster, Mey de Abreu Van; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861049737421476; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356593038737074
Swimming for babies is an activity which is rich in stimulus towards the growing capabilities and motor, cognitive, affective and social abilities of the baby. When directed towards babies and children who have special needs, the activities in a liquid environment are important aids in the search of a higher potential of development. This study had the general objective of verifying the effect of stimulation in aquatic environment (swimming) on the development of babies with special needs. The specific objectives were: to systematize, describe and apply the proposal of pedagogical intervention, having the aquatic environment as a facilitator and evaluate the evolution in the development of babies in aquatic environment in the periods before and after intervention. Six babies with special needs (Down Syndrome, Visual Impairment, Cerebral Palsy, Hydrocephaly and Neuropsychomotor Development Delay) of both genders and between 17 to 33 months old participated in the study. A field research of exploratory character with experimental outlining was used. The instrument of data collection was a Protocol of Task Analysis developed by the researchers and containing 18 items. After initial evaluation, an intervention lasting 15 weeks, during which there were 27 sessions, was carried out. The swimming classes for babies (intervention sessions) took place twice a week for 45 minutes each. All the evaluations and intervention sessions were systematically registered through filming. The data obtained in the periods before and after intervention through the instrument aforementioned were analyzed by three researchers/observers. An analysis of the performance of each participant as well as the average of the group, comparing the initial and final scores obtained by the group in each of the 18 items evaluated by the instrument have been done with the purpose of verifying which aspects have or have not been influenced by the proposed intervention. After the analysis of the data, it was possible to observe that the 6 babies presented positive and statistically significant changes in their development. Among the aspects analyzed by the swimming program that presented statistically significant changes are: reaction of the baby at the border of the pool, reaction of the baby at entering the pool, articular mobility, body scheme notion, respiratory control in liquid environment, grasping of objects, movement of arms and legs, maintenance of erect posture and diving. It has been concluded that the stimulation program in liquid environment (swimming) has had a positive influence on several aspects of the development of the babies with special needs.
Avaliação de um programa de atividades físicas sistematizadas para adultos com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Ribeiro, Bruna Noemi; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0391144146248793
Many people with intellectual disabilities have been deprived of experiences of physical activity, leisure, culture, among others, throughout life, by no offering programs and the historical process of repression in society. The deprivation of motor experiences may generate insufficient learning and development of fundamental motor skills, essential for the satisfactory implementation of activities of daily living, from anyone. Consequently, these conditions can affect your quality of life. Therefore, this research aims to develop, implement and evaluate a program of regular physical activity in physical education classes, for adults with intellectual disabilities, checking possible changes in the ability to walk, run, sit, stand, jump and balance held by these people. This research has described an institutional reality, configuring it as a research-action, involving the participation of adult learners with intellectual disabilities and their parents or guardians, an intern at the Physical Education course, in addition to the researcher. Results were obtained from interviews with those responsible for the students, the analysis of field notes, individual sheets of evaluation of activities, lesson plans and assessment tests of motor skills. The data have to see that there was significant improvement in student performance in relation to motor skills worked in firearms. However, much of this success, the program has provided noticeable improvement of emotional and relational skills of participating students, emphasizing the spirit of cooperation that blossomed between them from the proposed activities. Thus, one can assume that rises and settles from there, self-confidence, one of the requirements for independent living. It is recommended that a new thinking about the need for greater encouragement of the development and implementation of programs for people with disabilities, think about this, supported by the appropriation of the conditions that have to do during the execution of this research and that resulted in an intense and meaningful transformation for all involved in this research.
Importância das habilidades sociais educativas na perspectiva de professores de alunos sem ou com necessidades educacionais especiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Tucci, Carlos Henrique da Costa; Del Prette, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2801755494219289
Educative Social Skills (ESS) is an integral concept of the field of Social Skills. The ESS are defined as those intentionally aimed at promoting development and learning of the interlocutor in the formal or informal situations. A repertoire drawn from ESS allows the teacher to use teaching strategies that facilitate interaction between learners, and it carries out activities that identify the expression of emotions and appropriate models of social behaviors, besides having the opportunity to build more adaptive behaviors of students as take initiative, cooperate with colleagues, giving feedback, fight for your rights, express feelings, to deny requests, empathize and others. The objective of this research was to determine which importance is given by teachers for social skills for working with students without or with special educational needs. The study gathered 60 teachers of Primary I and II of private schools in the state of Sao Paulo who answered a protocol for characterization and a questionnaire on Educative Social Skills in which to assess your grade on a scale of one to ten, assessing the importance they attach to each of the subclasses of ESS for their performance at work with students with or without special needs. All teachers considered the Class Monitor Positively as the most important of all. When teachers were divided into two groups: one that has or has had students with special educational needs and one that did not, those students with special needs consider Classes Set boundaries and Discipline more important than those without special educational needs pupils. And in this class, the subclasses Describe/justify undesirable behaviors and Behavior changes were considered more important for these teachers. For teachers who have students with special needs, the subclasses were evaluated as less important: Arrange the physical environment, Paraphrasing, Summarizing conduct issued; Stop behavior, Request information and express agreement. Since the subclasses that these teachers were considered more important: Arrange materials; Mediate interactions; Present goals, Establish relationships between antecedent and consequent behavior; Call to preestablished norms; Commend and encourage. This research has allowed the identification of key special educational needs reported that teachers reported are the most important for working with students without or with special educational needs. The high degree of importance that teachers attributed to the special educational needs suggests that the group participating in this research is sensitive to uncertainties in educational falling pupils with special needs and importance of the ESS for their performance in everyday situations at school. The identification of this information will enable future studies broaden this analysis to correlate teacher reports with the observations of their performance in the classroom.
A política nacional de assistência técnica e extensão rural no assentamento Antonio Conselheiro, MT: realidade ou ficção?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-25) Silva, José Jaconias da; Alves, Francisco José da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1212264469092956
This paper has as objective to understand how the National Policy of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (PNATE) comes to the farmers of the family farming. This policy was prepared in 2004 and was celebrated by the support sectors to the family farming, because it meant a disruption with the previous extensionist model, which enjoyed the land concentration on one side, and the producing inputs companies for agriculture on the other, with several damages to the family farming. In this paper, we adopt the case study methodology, in which we observed the Empresa Matogrossense de Pesquisa Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMPAER) and farmers from the settlement Antonio Conselheiro. 187 questionnaires were applied to the settlers, as a sample of the universe. The research concludes that, if from one hand, the policy advances in favor of the family farming, on the other hand it is far from the goal of making the family farming a dynamic component of household food production chain.