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Bioprospecção de fungos produtores de celulases da região amazônica para a produção de etanol celulósico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-14)
Delabona, Priscila da Silva
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9016348395509598
Prospecting for cellulose-producing fungi is one of the possible strategies for obtaining the necessary enzymes to hydrolyze the lignocellulosic material and to contribute to the viability of cellulosic ethanol production. Among the different biomes, the Amazon represents a potential source of cellulolytic fungi due to its unique soil and climatic conditions that favor the continued degradation of the biomass of the forest undergrowth. In this context, the objective of this study was the isolation and selection of fungi producing complex cellulase present in the Amazon biome with high efficiency through the process of solid-state fermentation (SSF) of 100 soil samples collected at 50 different points of Reserve Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in Belém - PA. After isolation of fungi, a total of 110, they were transferred to plates containing crystalline cellulose (Avicel) as sole carbon source for selection. Of these 110, 10 fungi were selected that showed the highest growth. The selected strains were grown at 35 ° C for 120 hours in SSF, using as a substrate for a first selection of strains producing endoglucanases, wheat bran with 60 % humidity. The two fungi had higher enzyme production in wheat bran, Aspergillus fumigatus (P40M2) and Aspergillus niger (P47C3) were evaluated in several other substrates, with different percentage of humidity. In these other substrates, has also evaluated the production of endoglucanases, Fpase, xylanase and β- glucosidase.The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus P40M2 showed, in general, the best production of these enzymes. So, finally, the enzymes produced by Aspergillus fumigatus P40M2 were characterized optimum pH, optimum temperature and thermal stability, and their bands of activities identified by electrophoresis (zymograms). The extract obtained by the fungus is characteristic thermophilic and acidophilic being very important for hydrolysis of biomass to ethanol production.
Caracterização da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e fatores abióticos da represa de Itupararanga (Bacia do Alto Sorocaba, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-14)
Beghelli, Frederico Guilherme de Souza
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Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
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Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8718750802689009
The objectives of this work were the benthic macroinvertebrate community characterization from Itupararanga Reservoir, High Sorocaba Basin, SP, Brazil and the identification of the main abiotic factors wich affects the structure and distribution of those organisms. Samplings were taken with Van-Veen grab three times (cumulative samplings). The samplings were taken at three reservoir‟s zones: riverine zone, transitional and lacustrine ones and at two regions: litoral and central ones. Furthermore, it was taken samples during the wet (December 2009 and February 2010) and dry seasons (June and August 2010). The dissolved oxygen concentrations, electric conductivity, pH, transparency and depth near the bottom were reccorded in situ by using a multiprobe and Secchi disc in all sample points. With the objective to verify witch environmental variables would be the most important for the benthic macroinvertebrates community characterization, a correspondence canonical analisis (CCA) was done by the main taxa density logarithm and the water and sediment variables data matrix. The total number of reccorded taxa was 28. The Diptera family Chironomidae was the richest group (19 taxa). The Tubificinae (Clitellata, Naididae) were numerically dominants during the wet season and the Chironomidae (Diptera) were it during the dry one. Similarity analysis was performed in order to test the spatial heterogeneity hypotesis even in the longitudinal either in the transversal directions and the seasonly effects over the community. The results points to the occurrence of the spatial heterogeneity in both directions. So the reservoir diverges either in riverine, transitional and lacustrine zones, and central and litoral regions. The riverine zone is more distinctive than the others. This zone is characterized by having high nutrient concentrations (even in the water, either in the sediment) and coarse sediment. Moreover, the characteristic taxa are: Limnodrillus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi and Chironomus sp. It has high density values and dominance when compared to the other zones. The transitional and lacustrine zones presents some more intense transversal heterogeneity with more rich and diverse communities near the margins. It was noticed that the benthic macroinvertebrates responses to spatial gradient of environmental conditions in both senses, the longitudinal, and the transversal. Factors associated to environmental impacts and natural factors like granulometric sediment composition or depth can be determinants to the structure and composition of the community. The Itupararanga Reservoir is in eutrophication process and the riverine zone is the most affected area because it receives more directly the possible headwater impacts
Efeito Aharonov-Bohm em partículas neutras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-14)
Teodoro, Marcio Daldin
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Marques, Gilmar Eugenio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5602634309535528
In classical Physics, the motion of an electrically charged particle is affected only by the presence of a magnetic field if the particle enters a region of space in which the field is present. Meanwhile, in quantum Physics, a charged carrier can be affected by the electromagnetic vector potential ~A, even in regions where the magnetic field ~B is not present. This surprising contrast between classical and quantum Physics has been experimentally proven in several beautiful experiments in semiconducting, metallic and superconducting material systems, and has been called Aharonov-Bohm effect. More recently, however, several theoretical works have discussed the plausible existence of this effect even for neutral particles! In this PhD Thesis project it is shown the first clear experimental observation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in neutral excitons in InAs quantum rings. Signatures of this effect appear as oscillations in the intensity of the photoluminescence emission bands with increasing magnetic fields and also depending on the dimensions of the quantum rings. These oscillations are affected by the uniaxial strain field due to the piezoelectricity of the asymmetric InAs rings, as revealed by the atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy images and X-Ray Diffraction measurements using synchrotron light. A theoretical model that describes the behavior of the excitonic interference pattern and its modulation with temperature and uniaxial electric fields has been used for the interpretation of the experimental data. The detection of AB oscillations mediated by electron-hole pair correlation is a fundamental quantum mechanical effect that will trigger further studies in this area of fundamental physics as well as technological applications.
Géis de acetato de celulose reticulados: síntese, caracterização e estudos de adsorção de íons Cu+2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-15)
Senna, André Martins
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3648110579006947
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Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes
This paper reports the synthesis of gels derived from cellulose acetate, degree of substitution (DS) 2.5, through by esterification and crosslinking reactions between hydroxyl groups and acid dianhydride benzene- 1, 2, 4, 5-tetracarboxilic (PMDA). After the synthesis of gels, they carried out as substrates for adsorption of Cu+2. The characterizations were performed using the techniques: TGA Analysis spectroscopy infrared (FTIR), back titration to determine the degree of substitution (GS) of cellulose acetate and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The gels were synthesized with the stoichiometric following ratios (PMDA/OH): 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:3 and 3:1. Confirmation of the esterification reaction was possible by analysis of FTIR and TGA and confirmation of the adsorption of copper ions was possible through the analysis of TGA where it was observed by comparing the curves of the gels without copper ions adsorbed to the curves of the gels with copper ions adsorbed. Was obtained by an adsorption isotherm of copper ions based on the Langmuir model. The results of determination of cross-links through the theory of Flory-Rehner showed that the crosslink density was higher in the gel synthesized with excess PMDA and lower in the gel synthesized with 1 mol of PMDA stoichiometry: 3 mol of free OH.
Representações sociais de estudantes negros: universidade e trabalho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-15)
Santos, Elisabete Figueroa dos
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Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8214192742762531
Social indicators regarding education and employment relations in Brazil indicate that the inequalities are even more critical when the analysis is done from the ethnic-racial perspective, showing a situation of obvious disadvantage for the black population. However, the literature has shown that education is traditionally one of the main tools to promote social and economic rise of blacks. Thus, various higher education institutions have implemented the system of quotas, what results of the demands of the Brazilian black movement. Therefore, this research sought to understand the relationship between blackness, education and work, from the perspective of Black college students. The objective was to study the social representations that have UFSCar`s Black students on entering the public university system through reserve places, the course and chosen profession, and the inclusion and / or stay in the labor market. Specifically, we sought to analyze the Affirmative Action Program (AAP) of UFSCar, its proposals, policies and strategies; knowing the the socio-economic students features, especially those related to school life and work; the social representations of students about their training and entering the labor market; and finally, discuss the impact of the relations established in the university context on the ethnic-racial students. Individual interviews were conducted with 13 black students, who entered at UFSCar from 2008, through the system of quotas or not. In addition, group interviews were done with the students individually interviewed. It was possible to examine the relationships between the sense of belonging, ethnic-racial identity and representations that are engendered on race relations and affirmative action. We realize, therefore, Black students who identify themselves and claim themselves as Black, participants of assertive groups, engaged in racial discussions, and also identify themselves as reservists entering the vacancies for Black students. And there are those for whom race and ethnicity are not salient elements in their identity, do not share affirmative groups, and experience difficulties to assume themselves as freshmen at the reservation of seats for blacks. The representations about the implementation of quotas for Blacks are taken as something positive, because of the belief that they allow the entry of Blacks in the university; allow the entrance of the disadvantaged people; and reduce inequality. The seizure of this policy as a negative due to the representation of that institute such measures: assume the inability of Blacks; brings constitutional complications; shifts the focus from the real problem is education based, breeds prejudice, creates inequality, and finally, regard to the difficulty of defining who is Black in Brazil. The same relationships and forms of representations were found regarding the quotas for blacks in the labor market. We realized that those students who have an affirmed ethnic-racial identity represented the relations between being Black, higher education and the labor market in a more critical and proactive way. Thus, students whose ethnic-racial identity is not presented in a manner so prominent, represented these relationships in order to deny the existence of racism and in order to minimize the very affectation in a context of racial discrimination, which is pegged to the contrariety of affirmative action in about higher education and in the labor market.
Eficácia de procedimentos para maximizar senso de bem-estar e competência parental a mulheres vitimizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-15)
Santini, Paolla Magioni
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0814753689065215
Studies have shown that inappropriate parenting styles are developed by learning parental behaviors modeled by their own parents. Furthermore, parents with a history of childhood aggression tend to continue struggling with social, behavioral and health problems, as well as their children. Thus, interventions are necessary so that parents can learn positive ways to set limits, preventing child behavior problems. The Projeto Parceria (Project Partnership) is a Brazilian parenting program which mixes Psychotherapeutic (Unit 1) and Educational (Unit 2) components to mothers with a history of domestic violence to prevent behavior problems in children. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three different intervention procedures in terms of mothers well-being and sense of parental competence: a) Unit 1 followed by Unit 2, b) Unit 2 followed by Unit 1, and c) Unit 1 and 2 done simultaneously. Nine mothers with history of violence participated of the study and their 4-12 year old children. The intervention was based on both Projeto Parceria manuals. Instruments of data collection involved: Inverview With Women Victims of Domestic Violence, at the first session; the instruments Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP) and Parenting Styles Inventory (Inventário de Estilos Parentais) applied at the pre-test, post-test and follow up phases; a Daily-Record of Wellbeing and Parental Competence Sense, collected weekly, and and Evaluation by the participants, at the last session. The project was approved by the University s Research Ethics Committee, and the initial screening of participants took place. The Interview was conducted to compose three groups evenly, each comprising one type of procedure. Subsequently, data collection and intervention took place, in which the sessions were conducted individually. The study was conducted at the University and lasted 20 sessions. It was utilized a non-randomized clinical trial with intra-group comparisons over time as Research Design. The data from inventories were analyzed by the JT Method, which evaluates the Clinical Significance and Reliable Positive Changes of instruments scores. Furthermore, data from Daily Records were analyzed using frequency charts and the Evaluation of Participants by Content Analysis. Results showed more positive indicators throughout the groups scores, when compared pre-test, post-test and follow up phases, and the group which comprised Unit 1 and Unit 2 simultaneously showed best results. All participants evaluated the Project in a positive way. The present study has achieved its objective, which was to compare the efficacy of three different types of intervention procedures to mothers with history of domestic violence, and it has indicated the one which mixes both procedures simultaneously as the most effective. Participants adhesion to the program was excellent (100%), which is rarely found in women with such profile. Limitations were found in the study that could be involved controlling the variable severity of violence experienced by participants, as well as the inclusion of other informants in data collection measures. In conclusion, it is suggested that Projeto Parceria incorporates the referred procedure and it should be replicated at other institutions that support women who are victims of violence to maximize its adoption as Public Policy.
Friedrich Schlegel e a forma da filosofia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-15)
Santos, Thiago das Chagas
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Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5602958773363624
Friedrich Schlegel is inserted in the philosophical landscape know as German Idealism, precisely the reflection on the idea of system. Although his writings and reflections do not seem, at least to his contemporaries and first commentators, not appreciate the systematicity, careful consideration may show us that the issue is the definition of the idea of system. It this understanding is lacking in his contemporaries and critics of the nineteenth century. But what lies behind their efforts is the understanding that the very transcendental philosophy requires that the system design to be rethought. It is this effort translated into the statement that every system should be original an individual who can perform effectively and historically transcendental idealism. It is this requirement that binds directly to the question of form philosophy, an issue that we try to think here. One can not speak more in creating the system, but of creating a the individual system, for if the reason is one, it is expressed in various ways individuals. The totality is expressed in the idea that philosophy is a work in progress and collective, infinite progressiveness in constant exchange, in which efforts are individuals creations of individual systems, forming the same whole and the whole history of philosophy. If the form of philosophy is infinite which in itself contains an infinite number of beginnings, we can not expect to find a system that is above the individual, the individual genius of each. The harmonious unity of this requirement is developed on the plane of culture, in which all forms must be unified, and the individual level, which should now also be fully, man and philosopher, must be a philosophy that does not separate the life of the existence of philosopher.
Estudo do estrato regenerativo em trechos de floresta estacional semidecidual, no sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-15)
Corrêa, Laine Silveira
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Leite, Eliana Cardoso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8096362320768880
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Talora, Daniela Custódio
Was carried out the phytosociological survey of understory of remaining semideciduous forest located at Federal of São Carlos University campus Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The goal of this study was to analyze the structural and floristic composition of the understory. Were identified 129 species from 41 botanical families, of these four threatened species and four exotic species. The species were identified in ecological groups as pioneer species (P) and non-pioneer species or latter species (NP), and as canopy species (D) and understory species (S). The families with highest importance value (VI) were Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Sapindaceae e Meliaceae, and the species were Actinostemon concepcionis (Chodat & Hassl.) Hochr, Mollinedia clavigera Tul., Eugenia pluriflora DC, Cupania vernalis Cambess., Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand, Trichilia elegans A. Juss., Piper amalago L., Enterolobium contorstisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) J.F. Macbr, Matayba elaegnoides Radlk. From the total species collected (129), 77 are canopy species, 29 understory species, and 19 were not identified. As for the ecological groups, 41 species were identified as P, 65 species as NP and 19 were not identified. Among the 77 species of canopy, 38 were collected in previous study on the composition of the canopy. The results attest that in the future, the composition of the canopy will be partially changed, with the possibility of bigger richness, and with more NP species proportion. The results permits to say that these small remaining of semideciduous forest are in intermediate sucessional stage and are important to biodiversity regional conservation.
Riqueza e distribuição de macrófitas aquáticas no reservatório de Itupararanga, bacia do rio Sorocaba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-15)
Pavão, Ana Carolina
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Benassi, Roseli Frederigi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6198722804410996
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Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
Magneto luminescência em diodos de tunelamento ressonante contendo pontos quânticos de InAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-15)
Nóbrega, Jaldair Araújo e
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Gobato, Yara Galvão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1566935477819559
In this work, we have studied the spin polarization of carriers in n-type resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) of GaAs/AlGaAs which incorporates a single layer of InAs selfassembled quantum dots in the center of the GaAs quantum well (QW) grown on (3 1 1)B oriented GaAs substrates.We have performed electrical and optical measurements in the presence and absence of magnetic _eld. The spin-dependent carrier transport in the structure was investigated by measuring the left- and right-circularly polarized photoluminescence (PL) from InAs dots (QD) and contact layers as a function of the applied voltage, laser intensity and magnetic _eld up to 15 T. Under laser excitation, photogenerated holes tunnel through the QW and can be captured by the QDs and eventually recombine radiatively. Due to this fast carrier capture process, the QD photoluminescence will be very sensitive to the resonant tunneling condition and consequently to the applied bias voltage. We have observed a clear correlation between the current voltage characteristics curve (I(V)) and QD PL intensity for both circular _+ and _�� polarizations even though the spin-splitting of the QD PL emission is negligible and does not show any appreciable variation with the applied voltage. We have also observed that the QD circular polarization degree is always negative and that its value depends on both the applied bias voltage and the light excitation intensity. Our experimental results are explained by the tunneling of minority carriers into the QW, carrier capture into the InAs QDs, carrier accumulation in the QW region, and partial thermalization of minority carriers. The observed control of spin polarization of carriers by light and bias voltage may be explored to design new devices for spintronic applications.
Tecnologia e sociedade: o caso SIVAM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-16)
Rossi, Isabel Cristina
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Martins Filho, João Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4795350065883490
The main purpose of this thesis is to approach the Sistema de Vigilância da Amazônia [Amazônia Vigilance System, SIVAM] as part of the military strategy for establishing Brazil as a power/leadership in South America. Because this strategy Brazil had to pay a high price for the world superpower asset and, by this way, the Brazilian militaries kept in force their politic power, their status quo, remains of the dictatorship era in face of a civilian regime. The referred asset can be realized as in effect since the very moment of the Air Force Department establishment, which happened at the same time of the creation of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) during the Second World War and its research institutes Air Force Technology Institute (ITA) and Air Force Technology Center (CTA) , which had the purpose to raise and prepare critical mass for the later development of aeronautics. By the end of the Second World War Brazil dismantled its small, although important, aeronautics industry, which had many years of experience in aircraft construction. All the researches and experience were thrown away because lack of investments in this industry, result of the Brazilian government option for buying the French and American war leftovers . National interests were put aside with this attitude because the alignment with the United States would provide access to power and reputation for the Brazilian military elite, reason why it was essential to turn the country into a sub-hegemonic power in South America. It happened a similar process with the SIVAM when it was bought technology for its project and not used technology that could be developed inwards by Brazil. Brazilian militaries established the SIVAM with a nationalistic speech that had in its terms the preservation of the sovereignty and defense of the national territory. However, the praxis was contradictory since it revealed authentic the critics made against the SIVAM as an inefficient and outmoded system during its development. This study intends to make considerations in order to offer a possible explication for this attitude onto the specific case of the SIVAM.
Percepção e memória em Bergson: um questionamento acerca das críticas sartrianas à Matéria e memória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-17)
Bitterbier, Solange
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Marques, Silene Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2409795523544490
Important philosopher and researcher of the twentieth century, Henri Bergson has gained prominence not only for his detailed analysis of consciousness and for the new meaning given to already established philosophical terms, but also for his addressing of the notion of duration, which is present in his major works and is the basis many for many of his conceptions. Bergson's philosophical writings have earned him much admiration and, at the same time, many critcisms, which, as they raise questions concerning fundamental points of the bergsonian philosophy, allow discussions that result in several studies. Among the most prominent criticisms, some are concentrated in the text of the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, entitled The Imagination, which addresses important aspects of the work Matter and memory. However, Sartre s criticisms seem to address Bergson s arguments in an one-sided way. Given this, our objective is to analyze the bergsonian reflections presented in Matter and memory trying to show that Sartre's positions regarding to Bergson were taken in a superficial way, which leads us to assert that Bergson's philosophy has not, as claimed by the author of The imagination, failed in his conceptions. For that, we will emphasize two fundamental notions present in Matter and memory, which were widely criticized by Sartre, namely the notions of perception and consciousness, as well as the conclusions presented in the finalization of the work about the dualism of body and spirit.
Determinação simultanêa de pesticidas utilizando métodos eletroanalíticos e quimiométricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-17)
Silva, Zilene Alves da
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700463114669811
This paper describes the simultaneous determination of the pesticides paraquat and diquat using electroanalytical techniques coupled with chemometric methods. Although these two pesticides can be easily determined in trace levels, the same does not apply to mix due to a large overlap of the voltammetric peaks. For this reason it became necessary to treat the data obtained by square wave voltammetry with chemometric methods that used no current peaks, but all points of the voltammogram. In a first stage of work, the parameters were optimized voltammetric technique, the frequency of the pulse, amplitude and increased potential for using the design of experiments. In this step, for each analyte were used as a response to peak current, ip, and the first principal component, PC1. Both analysis procedures showed that the frequency of the pulse amplitude and the cross effect of these variables has a significant effect on the response of the system (ip or PC1). In a second step, the effect of the most significant variables were studied by response surface, which employed a planning CCD (central composite design of English) was optimized. It was then built an empirical model that correlates the response (ip or PCs) with the variables studied. The optimum values to obtain the best voltammetric response was frequency 170 s-1, amplitude 40 mV and scan increment of 2 mV. Finally, in a third stage of labor was performed to analyze the mixture of paraquat and diquat, applying the optimized parameters and transforming the voltammograms for the space of principal components. The quantification of the mixture of pesticides was performed using the Partial Least Squares Regression, PLS. The XII models developed had a RMSEP, 1,39 and 2,22 for paraquat and diquat for the correlation coefficients greater than 0.99, which demonstrates the efficiency of the methodology used.
Perovskitas baseadas no PZT e PLZT sintetizadas usando o método dos complexos oxidantes de peróxido (OPM)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-17)
Gonçalves, Mayra Dancini
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9207706266657791
Were synthesized by the OPM, the solid solutions of Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 with x = 0.8, 0.48 and 0.2, and also the lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate compositions (Pb0.95La0.05) (Zr1-xTix)O3 with x = 0.8 and 0.2. This paper reports the first synthesis of PLZT by means of the OPM route. The techniques for X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy at room temperature showed that the PZT and PLZT compositions Ti-rich have essentially tetragonal structure and the compositions Zr-rich are rhombohedral. Since the composition with x = 0.48 known as the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) shows a mixture of both structures. Analysis by BET isotherms showed that the powders have high surface area even when thermally treated at 700 ° C, confirming its higher reactivity compared to powders obtained by other synthetic methods. At this temperature, images from scanning electron microscopy reveal the formation of aggregates of nanometric spherical particles already in the process of sintering due to diffusion of matter and formation of necks between them. Since these materials have great technological importance, the powders were conformed to the shape of discs and sintered in two types of ovens, conventional and microwave ones, for evaluation and comparison of morphological, structural and dielectric properties. The composition of PZT in the MPB showed dielectric constant higher than the values reported in the literature, both for the samples sintered in a conventional oven (12330) as for the sintered using microwave energy (17900). However, the Curie temperature also showed anomalous values of 460 and 465 ° C, respectively. It can be attributed to the influence of the absence or lower content of oxygen vacancies in the powders synthesized by means of the OPM route.
Questão social no Brasil: uma análise sobre o debate nas décadas de 1920 e 1930
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Barbosa, Aline Ramos
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7939834632437833
The transition to modernity in Brazil has its roots in the transformations engendered in Brazilian society since the mid-nineteenth century to the emblematic 1930 s Revolution. The social question, that in this context was related to capital-work conflict engedered by the economic changes occurred in the country, may has its solution take as part of universal rights generation, specifically, with reference to social rights. In Brazilian case, that don t seeks the marshallian logic, first came the social rights, in the decade of 1930, concomitantly with the suppression of political rights and strong reduction of civil rights (come and go) by varguista State. Notwithstanding, despite the evident importance of the decade of 1930 in this process, it can t be underestimated the importance of the previous years. Thus, the focus of this research is analyze the advances and continuities in relation to social question in Brazil, that, despite to be a problem always present in this country, when referred to work question, found in the decade of 1930 a solution supported in work and welfare legislations and its and cultminating in 1934 s Constitution, in the chapter referred to Social and Economic Order. That way, the question of police became a social issue, to acquire the status of political issue in the 1934 s Constitution.
Análise histológica, histoquímica, histométrica e ultraestrutural de intestinos de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare DAUDIN, 1802) (Crocodilia: Reptilia) criado em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Aleixo, Victor Manuel
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Ferraz, Rosa Helena dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9651706159626917
The commercial breeding of the Caiman yacare has been consolidated in the state of Mato Grosso as an alternative and as a legal activity for rural properties in the area of its natural occurrence, restraining predatory hunting and collaborating to the preservation of the species. The rationalization of the production process into the caiman's breading is a relatively new action, which allows obtaining better skin quality and its integral use, different from those originated from animals living in wildlife. Considering the importance of the intestines as the main organ where the major events related to obtaining nutrients for the body metabolism occur, this study aimed at characterizing qualitative and quantitatively the mucosa of the small and large intestine of the C. yacare. For the characterization of the intestinal wall structure and histometry of the mucosa, intestinal samples from 16 animals were collected for the study in the optical microscope and two others for the study in the scanning electron microscope. The samples were obtained and processed according to the respective protocols, in five regions, four from the small intestine and one from the large intestine. The stains were hematoxylin, eosin, Mallory trichomo and Picrossirius, and the histochemical techniques consisted of the reaction to periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue pH 1.0 counterstained with hematoxylin and alcian blue pH 2.5 conjugated to periodic acid-Schiff. Histometric study was used in the analysis of variance and Neuwman-Keuls test. For the description of histological structures it was used the terminology available in Nomina Histology. The wall structure of small and large intestine of the C. yacare was composed of the tunica mucosa, muscular and serosa. The mucosa was composed of epithelial lining like the simple cylindrical type made by epithelial columnar cells of the villus and goblet cells; characteristic lamina of loose connective tissue and muscular tissue from the single mucosa. The composition of the secretion of goblet cells ranged from neutral to acid. It was not observed the presence of intestinal glands. The muscular layer consisted of two decks, the circular and the longitudinal, the former being the most developed. The serosa was typical. The specializations of the mucosa observed in the small and in the large intestine, respectively, were intestinal villi and folds, and alongside the regions of the intestine, showed a reduction of its complexity. The histometric study of the mucosa showed a statistically significant difference between the small and the large intestine. The scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of one type of ridge or fold in the duodenum and two types in the other regions analyzed. They showed variation in shape, spacing, height and scale between the regions. Although the structure of the intestinal wall of C. yacare is similar to those of other crocodilians, of the green turtle and of the ostrich, it is still necessary to carry out studies about the histophysiology so that the nutritional management of the species in captivity is improved.
Síntese e caracterização de compósitos multiferroicos de manganita La: Sr e titanatos de Ba e Sr
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Paranhos, Rafael Rodrigo Garofalo
;
Cardoso, Claudio Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0332061570052918
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4310999203376154
In this paper, we seek to prepare composite multiferroics extrinsic whose potential for technological applications, especially in the electronics industry, and the possibility of new phenomena of fundamental scientific interest made the subject multiferroics has attracted attention and efforts of the scientific community. Such composites have in its constitution the combination of ferroelectric barium titanate, strontium titanate in paraelectric and the ferromagnetic lanthanum-strontium manganite. This choice is due to the interesting magnetic properties of manganites and its strong coupling between the magnetic properties, electrical and estrututrais, leading to the occurrence of giant magnetostrição [1]. The ferroelectric chosen has a structure compatible with that of the manganite. Moreover, the possibility of adjusting the ferromagnetic transition temperature of the manganite, through chemical doping could make room for the optimization of their properties at room temperature. The synthesis method chosen was the Pechini chemical route, featuring good conditions of uniformity in their characteristics and the final conformation of the specimen was (0-3) For the characterization of the samples was proposed a protocol starting from the structural characterizations and chemical profiles using X-ray diffraction, microstructural through the electron microscope using a high-resolution physical characterizations of relative density, resistivity, dielectric and ferroelectric properties and, finally, analysis of magnetoelectric coupling. The results that deserve mention are the correct phase formation in composite materials and a good densification of the bodies of evidence, above 90%. We can observe the deterioration of electrical properties in composite materials
Efeitos de condições de monitoramento de mães sobre desempenho em supervisão de estudos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Christovam, Ana Carolina Camargo
;
Cortegoso, Ana Lúcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2767863425745220
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2550991108264200
Studies on school problems and school failure suggest that some of these problems are result of ineffective interactions between student, family and school. This is a serious concern for the educational practices, as parental involvement is also indicated as desirable behavior of parents and that has important impacts for the children's school performance. In this way, the Homework has been the subject of several studies since that role both in academic performance, and as a communication tool between school and families, and as a strategy for promoting parental involvement. Thus, to effect an action that helps the practice of parents in the education of the child, especially in the habits of study, was proposed in this study to evaluate the contingencies arranged by parents in the installation and maintenance of home study behaviors, to interfere with these contingencies from a set of interventions and assess the differential impact of these interventions for the performance of parents also tried to verify possible changes in the child's behavior due to the change in the behavior of mothers. Study participants were the teacher, three students in the first year of elementary school at a municipal school in a town in the state that had begun a project in Homework and their mothers. To perform the study, it were used a multiple-baseline design, with gradual introduction of three different experimental conditions (preparation methods for parents to deal with behaviors of study), and held subsequent sessions of the introduction of observation conditions. For data analysis, the behaviors of interest were selected according to the literature and organized in order to organize the data into five categories: behaviors related to place of study, behaviors related to study material, behaviors related to execution of task, behaviors in need of help, and behaviors related to mother-child relationship during the task. Data were analyzed for each Dyad, comparing the data obtained at different stages, and by comparing the impacts possibly generated by each of the stages in the mother's behavior to monitor for their children. It was also found possible changes in the performance of participating students from the change in behavior of mothers as educators. The results indicate the relevance of the procedure tested for promoting appropriate behavior study and was effective in modifying some aspects of the behavior of all Dyads: To observe the completion of the task, the child's manifestation of humor, Moment of providing materials, subject responsible for providing materials and subject responsible for organizing materials. Behavioral changes occurred in at least two of Dyads in relation to: quality of help offered by the mother in carrying out the task, quality of help offered in the correction of the task and the adequacy and quality of the child. It may also receive help in accomplishing the task. These results show the importance of all the conditions for the training of parents as educational agents, showing better results than the conditions seen isolated.
Estudo da técnica de ondas de tensão como instrumento de avaliação interna de árvores urbanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Paduelli, Marcela Candian
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Sales, Almir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7635127820758535
Arborization is fundamental in urban spaces, due to the significant benefits it provides. To important issue to guarantee the adequacy of the role it plays is its maintenance. To this purpose, an application of preventive methods of diagnosis is recommended, allowing the evaluation of external and internal conditions of tress. Currently, the analysis of urban trees is subjectivity. For a complete and secure analysis, it is important to associate this visual external analysis to an internal analysis. This could be done by applying non-destructive techniques, wich allows an internal visualization of the tree through a tomographic image, without causing it any damage. Among the non-destructive techniques, that have applicability in the internal evaluation of urban trees, the technique of stress waves can be highlighted. Considering the great benefits that this technique can provide in the evaluation of urban trees, this research seeks to verify its scientific and technique viability, analyzing its reliability and also establishing some parameters of application. Studies with 12 trees of the Caesalpinea peltophoroides species (popularly known as Sibipiruna) have been carried out. The stress waves equipment was applied to sections of 50, 90 and 130 cm from the trees basis, generating tomographic images of these sections. Afterwards, the trees were cut at the level of these sections and, in order to compare these images, some pictures of them were made. The results show that the trees waves technique presents large applicability for internal evaluation of urban trees, achieving significant results. Also some parameters for the application of this technique were established. For instance, it is necessary to determinate the speed reference of waves propagation for the interpretation of tomographic images, as well as it is to determinate the best height of the assays section. The latter consisting on the height of the diameter to the chest height (DAP), where average density of the tree is representative.
Limitação ventilatória e eficiência cardiorrespiratória de indivíduos após infarto do miocárdio recente e/ou insuficiência cardíaca crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-18)
Karsten, Marlus
;
Catai, Aparecida Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2183320690087782
Myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic heart failure (CHF) are among the cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality and both conditions are characterized by reduced ability to perform dynamic exercise. In CHF, the mechanisms responsible for exercise intolerance has been most widely investigated. There is a complex interaction between central and peripheral factors, including changes in lung function, reduced respiratory muscle strength and impaired autonomic modulation. However, little is known about their capacity to exercise at high altitude. The responsible factors to the functional capacity reduction in IM are unclear, especially in the early phase of recovery after hospital discharge. In this sense, two studies were developed with the purpose of assessing ventilatory limitation and cardiorespiratory efficiency in subjects with recent myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. The first was developed in two stages and involved eight men (49 ± 8 years) with uncomplicated recent MI (RMI) and ten men (48 ± 9 years) apparently healthy subjects (CG). All patients underwent pulmonary function (PF), cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a ramp (CPX) and constant load (TECC) protocol. TECC was applied at three intensities, identified in CPET, corresponding to ventilatory anaerobic threshold, plus 25% and minus 25%. At the initial step we investigated the ventilatory limitation, with exercise tidal flow-volume loop, the breathing strategy and ventilatory efficiency during exercise (VE/VCO2 slope and OUES). The RMI group presented lower expiratory reserve volume (0.9±0.3 vs. 1.8±0.5 L; p<0.05) and OUES (1836±470 vs. 2695±258; p<0.01) when compared to the CG. RMI group also demonstrated EFL during all three CWETs, whereas the CG presented EFL only during the higher intensity. In the second step we evaluated the heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) responses at the beginning of dynamic exercise at three intensities, through the kinetics analysis. The RMI time constants (_) of HR (_HR) and VO2 (_VO2) showed different response, because the _VO2 was slower than _HR. When compared to the CG, RMI presented slower _VO2 at moderate workload. In conclusion, recent uncomplicated MI is associated with reduction in oxygen uptake ventilatory efficiency, slowing of _VO2 and ventilatory limitation at dynamic exercise, even when there is no reduction in PF and respiratory muscle strength. In the second study, thirty CHF patients (NYHA I-III, 25M/5F; 59±10 years, LVEF=39.6±7.1%) treated with carvedilol were underwent to CPET and CWET. CWET was applied at 50% of the peak workload reached at CPET, in normoxia and hypoxia, to simulate a 2000 meters altitude. To identify the effect of carvedilol on the response to moderate exercise in hypoxia, we evaluated the kinetics of HR and VO2 at the initial stage of dynamic exercise and the response of these variables during the CWET. The VO2 was 20% higher in hypoxia, the _VO2 was faster in hypoxia and the _HR was faster in normoxia. Ten patients, who lowered _VO2 in hypoxia had greater HR increase during maximal CPET, suggesting lower functional betablockade. The faster _VO2 in hypoxia is likely due to a peripheral effect of carvedilol mediated either by _- or _-receptor.